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Yak-30
Role Trainer
Manufacturer Yakovlev
First flight 20 May 1960
Primary user Soviet Air Forces
Number built 4
Variants Yakovlev Yak-32

The Yakovlev Yak-30 (NATO reporting name Magnum), originally designated Yak-104, was Yakovlev's entry in a competition for the first military jet trainer aircraft designed for Warsaw Pact nations. Designed to succeed the Yak-17UTI, it also led to the development of the Yakolev Yak-32 sport jet. The Yak-30 lost to the L-29 Delfin, and neither it or the Yak-32 entered production.[1]

Design and development[]

In 1959 the Soviet Air Force held a competition for the first purpose built jet trainer to enter service with the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations. Prior to this time all Soviet jet trainers, such as the Yakovlev Yak-17UTI, had been modified from existing jet fighters. Since Yakovlev had produced most of the Soviet Union's trainer aircraft since World War II, winning the competition was extremely important, as the winner would be produced extensively for many years to come. Yakovlev's entry in the competition was the Yak-30. Surprisingly, it was the only competitor from within the Soviet Union.[1] The Yak-30 was an all-metal aircraft made entirely from light alloys. It was designed to be easy and inexpensive to build, the two wing spars being made from pressed-sheet ribs. The simple, elliptical fuselage housed the pupil and instructor in a single unpressurized tandem cockpit. Fuel was limited to 600 liters (132 gallons) in a bag tank located in the fuselage above the wing.[1]

The engine was the Turmanskii-designed RU-19, made especially for the aircraft. Like the rest of the aircraft, it was simply-designed, a single-shaft turbojet with a seven-stage axial compressor, rated at 900 kg (1,984 lbs) thrust. Air was fed from very small inlets located in the wing roots, and discharged directly under the rear fuselage with no jetpipe. To ease servicing, the engine could be lowered straight down without disturbing the fuselage.[1] The tailplane was fixed halfway up the sharply swept fin, and all control surfaces were manually driven by rods which ran down a dorsal spine extending along the upper surface of the aircraft, ending at the rear of the canopy. The long, continuous canopy was of blown Plexiglas, and bulged to give a better view downward. It slid to the rear on long rails. The ejection seats could both be fired by the instructor, while the pupil could fire only his own seat. Both cockpit positions had a complete set of controls.[1] The tricycle undercarriage was retractable. The main units retracted inward, while the steerable nose wheel retracted forward into a bay covered by two doors. Though provisions were made for armament similar to the military version of the single seat Yakovlev Yak-32, no armament was placed on the four prototypes.[1] Technical manager on the program was K V Sinelshcikov. Chief engineers were V A Shavrin, V G Tsvelov and V P Vlasov.[1]

Operational history[]

The OKB built a single static/fatigue test airframe, as well as four flying prototypes (callsigns 30, 50, 80 and 90). Two Yak-32's were also assembled at the same time.[1]

Yakovlev Yak-30 (RA-0841G)

Yakovlev Yak-30 (RA-0841G)

Factory testing took place from 20 May 1960 through March 1961. A total of 82 flights were made with 43 hours 36 minutes of flight time. No difficulties in operating the aircraft were found. The competition ultimately came down to three aircraft, the rivals being the Czechoslovak L-29 Delfin, and the Polish TS-11 Iskra. The Iskra was quickly eliminated and sent back to Poland, leaving the Yak-30 in a head-to-head competition with the L-29, in which the Yak design showed far better performance, including lower weight, better maneuverability and lower production costs. However, in the end, a political decision was reached to select the more robust Czechoslovak L-29 in August 1961 to serve as the primary jet trainer for all Soviet and Warsaw Pact nations except for Poland. Immediately after this decision OKB pilot Smirnov set several official light jet world records in the Yak-30.[1] These included speed over a 25 kilometer course (767.308 kph), and maximum altitude of 16,128 meters. One of the surviving prototypes is on display at the Central Air Force Museum, at Monino, outside of Moscow.

Operators[]

Flag of the Soviet Union Soviet Union

Specifications (Yak-30)[]

Data from N.Jakubovich "Wings of Motherland. Aviation and politics, or how "Dolphin" destroyed Yak-30"

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2: student and instructor
  • Length: 10.14 m (33 ft 3¼ in)
  • Wingspan: 9.38 m (30 ft 9¼ in)
  • Height: 3.4 m (11.1 ft)
  • Wing area: 14.3 m² (153.7 ft²)
  • Empty weight: 1,555 kg (3,428 lb)
  • Loaded weight: 2,250 kg (4,960 lb)
  • Useful load: 991 kg (2,185 lb)
  • Max. takeoff weight: 2,550 kg (4,960 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Tumansky RU19-300 turbofan, 1,070 kgp (2,363 lb; 900kgf)
  • * Basic fuel capacity: 500 kg (1,102 lb)
  • Maximum fuel capacity: 805 kg (1,775 lb)
  • Max wing loading: 154 kg/m² (31.6 lb/ft²)
  • Max power loading: 0.41 kg/kgp (0.9 lb/lbp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 660 km/h (410 mph)
  • Range: 965 km (600 miles)
  • Service ceiling: 11,500 m (but record set at 16,128 m, 52,913 ft) (37,730 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 18 m/s (3,540 ft/min)
  • Thrust/weight: 0.36
  • Maximum endurance: 2.05 hr
  • Take off run: 425 m (1,394 ft)
  • Landing run: 450 m (1,476 ft)
  • Maximum load factor: +7/-5 gArmament

    None

    See also[]

    References[]

    Notes[]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Gunston, 1997

    Bibliography[]

    • Zasipkin, Yuri; Berne, Lev, "Politics chose destiny for a plane". Aviation and Cosmonautics
    • "History of plane development in USSR (1951–1965)"
    • Gunston, Bill. Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924. London, UK: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-978-6.
    • Simakov, Boris, "Soviet planes. 1917–1970"
    • Jakubovich, Nikolay, "Wings of Motherland. Aviation and politics, or how "Dolphin" destroyed Yak-30"

    External links[]

    All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
    The original article can be found at Yakovlev Yak-30 (1960) and the edit history here.
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