Wesley L. McDonald

Wesley L. McDonald
Official United States Navy photographic portrait of McDonald.
Nickname	"Wes"
Born	(1924-07-06)July 6, 1924
Died	February 8, 2009(2009-02-08) (aged 84)
Place of birth	Washington D.C., U.S.
Place of death	Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1946-1985
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	Attack Squadron VA-56 USS Coral Sea (1970-1971) U.S. Second Fleet U.S. Atlantic Fleet (1982-1985) U.S. Atlantic Command (1982-1985) Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (1982-1985)
Battles/wars	Vietnam War Operation Pierce Arrow Invasion of Grenada
Awards	Defense Distinguished Service Medal Navy Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit Distinguished Flying Cross Bronze Star Air Medal
Other work	Business executive, advisor, fellow

Wesley L. McDonald (July 6, 1924 – February 8, 2009) was a United States Navy admiral and naval aviator. He led the first air strike against North Vietnam after the Gulf of Tonkin incident and was the commander in charge of Operation Urgent Fury, the invasion of Grenada to rescue American citizens.

Early life and education

McDonald was born in Washington, D.C. on July 6, 1924. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1946 and married his high school sweetheart. He began his career as a naval aviator in 1950, serving in several carrier fighter and attack squadrons. In 1964, McDonald was the skipper of Attack Squadron VA-56 flying A-4 Skyhawks aboard the USS Ticonderoga. On August 5, 1964, he served as a flight leader for Operation Pierce Arrow, the first retaliatory strike against North Vietnam following the Gulf of Tonkin incident. McDonald led his Skyhawk strike force against oil tanks at Vinh, destroying 90% of the facility.

Career

Senior leader

McDonald's career led him to the highest levels of the United States Navy's command structure. He attended the National Defense University's National War College, graduating with the class of 1969. From 1970 to 1971, he commanded the USS Coral Sea. In 1972, as a rear admiral, McDonald was assigned as the carrier group commander. He later served as deputy chief of Naval Personnel in Washington, D.C. in 1975. In 1978, as Commander, U.S. Second Fleet, he embarked on the USS Arthur W. Radford on the way to NATO exercises in the North Atlantic. In 1982, McDonald was appointed Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT), one of two supreme commanders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. At the same time, he assumed command of the U.S. Atlantic Command (CINCLANT) and U.S. Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANTFLT). In 1983, McDonald, in his role as CINCLANT, was placed in overall command of Operation Urgent Fury—the invasion of Grenada to rescue U.S. nationals. He later summed up the success of the operation in an address before the House Armed Services Committee.

Admiral Wesley McDonald speaks at the presentation of the 1984 Batternberg Cup to the crew of the battleship USS Iowa (BB-61). (USN Photo)

“

History should reflect that the operation was a complete success. All phases of the assigned mission were accomplished. U.S. citizens were protected and evacuated. The opposing forces were neutralized. The situation stabilized with no additional Cuban intervention. U.S. students have returned to resume their studies at the medical school and tourism is steadily increasing. And, most importantly, a lawful, democratic government has been restored.

”

McDonald was the last United States Navy admiral to command all three organizations (Allied Atlantic Command, U.S. Atlantic Command, and U.S. Atlantic Fleet) at the same time. He relinquished command of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet to Admiral Carlisle A.H. Trost, USN, on October 4, 1985, and command of the U.S. Atlantic Command and Allied Atlantic Command to Admiral Lee Baggett Jr. in November 1985.

Later life and death

Since his retirement from the Navy in 1985, McDonald played an active role in the aviation community in his leadership positions with the National Aeronautic Association (NAA) and the National Aviation Club (NAC). He helped orchestrate a merger of interests between NAA and NAC bringing benefits to both organizations. McDonald has also served on the boards of the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation, the U.S. Naval Aviation Museum and the Armed Services YMCA. His first wife, Norma, died in 1989. McDonald later remarried and lived in Arlington, Virginia with his wife, Helen until he died February 8, 2009, in Arlington, Virginia. He has one son and three daughters, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Honors and recognition

Lt. Wesley McDonald
(USN Photo)

McDonald's awards include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and awards from several European and South American nations. In 1990, McDonald was elected Grand Paramount Carabao, leader of the Military Order of the Carabao. In 2004, McDonald was presented with the National Aeronautic Association's Cliff Henderson award for his 56 years of support to American aviation. In 2007, the National Aeronautic Association renamed its Elder Statesman of Aviation Award in honor of McDonald, who was a past chairman of the organization. McDonald was a Senior Fellow of the National Defense University.

A number of awards are named in honor of McDonald, including:

• The Admiral Wesley L. McDonald Leadership Award, jointly sponsored by Strike Fighter Wing Pacific, the San Joaquin Valley Squadron of the Association of Naval Aviation (ANA) and the Greater Kings County Navy League.
• The Wesley L. McDonald Elder Statesman of Aviation Award, sponsored by the National Aeronautic Association.

References

• Alvarez, Jr., Everett; Pitch, Anthony S. (2005) (PDF). Chained Eagle: The Heroic Story of the First American Shot Down Over North Vietnam. Brassey's Inc. ISBN 1-57488-558-8. http://books.google.com/?id=Iyu0f1wevpMC&dq=chained+eagle&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
• Birzer, Norm; Mersky, Peter (2004). US Navy A-7 Corsair II Units of the Vietnam War. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-731-X. http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title=S731X. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
• Cole, Ronald H. (1997). "Operation Urgent Fury Grenada" (PDF). Joint History Office. http://www.nato.int/cv/ace-k-p.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-15. 
• Grossnick, Roy A. (1995). "Chapter 2 Attack Squadron Histories for VA-54 to VA-56" (PDF). Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 1. Naval Historical Center. ISBN 0-945274-29-7. http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va-54-56.pdf. 
• Mersky, Peter (2007). US Navy and Marine Corps A-4 Skyhawk Units of the Vietnam War 1963-1973. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-181-6. http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title=T1818~per=48. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2000-12-05). "Senior officials in the NATO military structure, from 1949 to 2001" (PDF). http://www.nato.int/cv/ace-k-p.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-14. 

External links

• McDonald, Wesley L. (2001). "Western Maritime Defences". http://www.eag.org.uk/modules/articles/article.php?id=73. Retrieved February 6, 2008. 

• Hevesi, Dennis (February 23, 2009). "Wesley McDonald, Who Planned for Grenada, Dies at 84". The New York Times. p. A25. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/23/us/23mcdonald.html. Retrieved May 23, 2009. 
• Sullivan, Patricia (February 16, 2009). "Wesley L. McDonald dies at 84; 4-star Navy admiral led 1983 U.S. invasion of Grenada". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-wesley-mcdonald16-2009feb16,0,4683087.story. Retrieved May 23, 2009. 
• "Wesley L. McDonald". Arlington National Cemetery Website. 2009-03-29. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wlmcdonald.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-23.