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Wendell C. Neville
14th Commandant of the Marine Corps (1929-1930)
Born (1870-05-12)May 12, 1870
Died July 8, 1930(1930-07-08) (aged 60)
Place of birth Portsmouth, Virginia
Place of death Edgewater Beach, Maryland
Place of burial Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance United States United States of America
Service/branch USMC logo United States Marine Corps
Years of service 1890-1930
Rank US-O8 insignia Major General
Commands held Commandant of the Marine Corps
Battles/wars Spanish American War
*Battle of Guantanamo Bay
Boxer Rebellion
*China Relief Expedition
Mexican Revolution
*Battle of Veracruz
Banana Wars
World War I
*Battle of Belleau Wood
Awards Medal of Honor
Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Brevet Medal
Legion of Honor
Croix de Guerre

Wendell Cushing Neville (May 12, 1870 – July 8, 1930) was a major general of the United States Marine Corps. He was a Medal of Honor recipient and 14th Commandant of the Marine Corps between 1929 and 1930.

Biography[]

Wcneville-usna-photo-01

Midshipman Wendell C. Neville, U.S. Naval Academy

Neville was born in Portsmouth, Virginia and entered the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, in 1886 chiefly because no one else in his district desired an appointment to Annapolis that year. After graduating in 1890 and following a two-year cruise aboard a warship, as was the practice of the era, was commissioned a Marine Corps second lieutenant.

At the outbreak of the Spanish American War, 2nd Lt. Neville was assigned to the 1st Battalion, hurriedly organized under Lieutenant Colonel Robert W. Huntington for service in Cuba. The battalion staged a daring attack under heavy gunfire at Guantanamo Bay, established a beachhead and routed enemy forces in that area. For outstanding valor and leadership in that action, Lt. Neville was awarded the Brevet Medal, following its creation in 1921, and was promoted to the brevet rank of captain.

Promoted to the permanent rank of captain a few months after the war, he was assigned to a battalion of Marines ordered to China to relieve the hard-pressed garrison at Peking during the Boxer Rebellion. He took part in four battles in that area and was again commended for his gallantry.

Butlerveracruz

The senior officers of the 1st Marine Brigade photographed at Veracruz in 1914. Front row, left to right: Lt. Col. Wendell C. Neville; Col. John A. Lejeune; Col. Littleton W. T. Waller, Commanding; and Maj. Smedley Butler.

In the Philippine Islands not long afterwards, he was appointed military governor of Basilan Province. Following that assignment he served in Cuba, Nicaragua, Panama and Hawaii. During the United States occupation of Veracruz, he was in command of the 2nd Advance Base Regiment. While in command of Marines landing at Veracruz, Mexico, on April 21, 1914, he displayed conspicuous gallantry. In that operation, lieutenant colonel Neville was awarded the Medal of Honor for his distinguished conduct.

In 1915, Neville returned to China where he was chosen to command the combined Allied guard at Peking, serving in that position until 1917. He was promoted to colonel in August 1916.

On January 1, 1918, he was placed in command of the 5th Regiment in France and in May moved his regiment into action at Belleau Wood where Germany's big drive was decisively halted. In July, Neville's command was enlarged to include the 4th Marine Brigade, which he directed during the remaining days of the war and during its occupation service in Germany. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1919.

Time-magazine-cover-wendell-neville

On the cover of Time in 1929

After service with the Army of Occupation in Germany, Brig. Gen. Neville and his brigade returned to the United States in July 1919. Promoted to major general in August 1920, he served as Assistant to the Commandant of the Marine Corps and later became Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force with headquarters in San Francisco. He also commanded the Marine Barracks, Quantico, Virginia.

Maj. Gen. Neville succeeded Maj. Gen. John A. Lejeune as Commandant of the Marine Corps on March 5, 1929. Maj. Gen. Neville's sudden death on July 8, 1930, at Edgewater Beach, Maryland, while in office as Major General Commandant, closed one of the most brilliant military careers of his day.

He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His grave can be found in section 6, Lot 8409.

Awards and honors[]

During the 38 years he spent as a U.S. Marine, Major General Neville received five citations, as well as:

A light blue ribbon with five white five pointed stars Marine Corps Brevet Medal ribbon Fourragère CG
Navy Distinguished Service ribbon Distinguished Service Medal ribbon China Campaign Medal ribbon Spanish Campaign Medal ribbon
Spanish War Service Medal ribbon Philippine Campaign Medal ribbon Nicaraguan Campaign ribbon 1912 Mexican Service Medal ribbon
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
World War I Victory Medal ribbon
Army of Occupation of Germany ribbon Legion Honneur GC ribbon
Gold star
Gold star
Gold star
Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with palm
Medal of Honor Marine Corps Brevet Medal French Fourragère
Navy Distinguished Service Medal Army Distinguished Service Medal China Relief Expedition Medal Spanish Campaign Medal
Spanish War Service Medal[citation needed] Philippine Campaign Medal Nicaraguan Campaign Medal (1912) Mexican Service Medal
World War I Victory Medal w/ 5 stars Army of Occupation of Germany Medal Légion d'honneur, Grand Cross Croix de guerre w/ 2 palms and 3 stars

USS Neville (APA-9), a Heywood-class United States Navy transport is named honor of Major General Neville.

Medal of Honor citation[]

NEVILLE, Wendell Cushing
Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
G.O. Navy Department, No. 177
December 4, 1915

Citation:

For distinguished conduct in battle engagements of Vera Cruz 21 and April 22, 1914. In command of the Second Regiment Marines, Lieutenant Colonel Neville was in both days' fighting and almost continually under fire from soon after landing, about noon on the 21st, until we were in possession of the city, about noon of the 22d. His duties required him to be at points of great danger in directing his officers and men, and he exhibited conspicuous courage, coolness and skill in his conduct of the fighting. Upon his courage and skill depended, in great measure, success or failure. His responsibilities were great and he met them in a manner worthy of commendation.

See also[]

References[]

PD-icon This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

Military offices
Preceded by
Maj. Gen. John A. Lejeune
Commandant of the United States Marine Corps
1929–1930
Succeeded by
Maj. Gen. Ben H. Fuller



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