Weapons Storage and Security System vault in raised position holding a B61 nuclear bomb. The vault is within a Protective Aircraft Shelter.
General Roger Brady being shown a dummy nuclear weapon in a Weapons Storage and Security System at Volkel Air Base
Weapons Storage and Security System (WS3) is a system including electronic controls and vaults built into the floors of Protective Aircraft Shelters (PAS) on several United States and NATO military airfields all over the world. These vaults are used for safe special weapons storage, typically of tactical B61 nuclear bombs. This system was in NATO not officially a.k.a. Weapon Security and Survivability System (WS3)[1][2] or Weapons Survivability and Security System.[3]
History[]
WS3 system logo
During the Cold War era on the US and NATO bases used by the Quick Reaction Alert readiness forces numbers of bombs were stored in a heavily secured Weapon storage area located on or in the vicinity of the base. The ‘specials’ were located in nuclear weapon (igloo) bunkers. Transporting them to and from the Quick Reaction Alert area (a few heavily guarded aircraft shelters near the main runway) during exercises and for logistic reasons always required a convoy with a large number (appx 50 armed military) of security forces which included a Sabotage Alert Team, Backup Alert and Reserve Force team.
The WS3 system consists of a Weapons Storage Vault (WSV) and electronic monitoring and control systems. One vault can hold up to four nuclear weapons and in the lowered position provides ballistic protection through its hardened lid and reinforced sidewalls.[1] The WS3 system allowed storage directly underneath the aircraft intended to carry the bombs. The location inside the aircraft shelter increased the weapon survivability in case of any kind of attack and prevent monitoring of preparations to use the weapons. The electronic systems include various classified sensors, electronic data-transmission and security equipment such as video, motion detectors, closed circuit TV coupled with thermal imaging devices. These facilities enabled remote controlled weapon safety and made the large security forces obsolete.
Deployment of the WS3 system was authorized in 1988,[2] and they were in widespread use by 1995.
215 WS3 vaults were built for the United States Air Forces in Europe at 13 sites in seven countries. Additionally 34 WS3 vaults were built for the Royal Air Force to store the WE.177 nuclear bomb; 10 at RAF Brüggen in Germany and 24 at RAF Marham in Britain.[4]
Sources[]
- Bechtel National Inc.(USA), Main contractor for the construction program
- Mannesmann Anlagenbau, Düsseldorf, Germany subcontractor mechanical system parts.
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Office of the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Matters (2008 edition). "Nuclear Matters: A Practical Guide - Appendix C". Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 2009-01-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20090116010239/http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nmbook/appendices/ap_C.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, Nuclear Matters. "Nuclear Chronology". Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 2009-01-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20090109191343/http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nuclearchronology5.html. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ↑ "Weapons Storage and Security". Hansard. 7 June 1988. HC Deb vol 134 c547W. http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1988/jun/07/weapons-storage-and-security. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
- ↑ Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen (November/December 2004). "U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe, 1954–2004". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/82558p4j65585158/fulltext.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
External links[]
- Paul Sparaco (3 March 2000). "WS3 Sustainment Program". U.S. Air Force. http://vredesactie.be/download.php?file=WS3.pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
- Hans M. Kristensen (February 2005). "U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe". Natural Resources Defense Council. http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/euro/euro.pdf. Retrieved 2006-05-23.
- Nuclear Information: US nuclear weapons in Europe, Friends of the Earth, Flanders & Brussels
- Image of a WS3 vault holding British WE.177 nuclear bombs
The original article can be found at Weapons Storage and Security System and the edit history here.