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Vuco Cernizza

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Vuco Cernizza or Vuk Črnica-Orlandić (Alb: Vuk Cernica) (Croat: Vuko Černica or Vuka Crnicu) (d. 1671, Zadar) was an Albanian[1] Colonel[2] and nobleman living in Zadar[3] who originated from a refugee family who had fled from Šestani, Shkodër, to Venetian Albanian.[4] Cernizza is mentioned in 1620-22 fighting with Gjergj Gjini, and in 1636, Cernizza is mentioned as the commander of the "Natione Oltamini", a company of Albanian soldiers.[5][6] Sometime during this period, Cernizza is reported to have rented a merchant ship and signed a contract with the commander and patron Zuanne Zolman. Cernizza had six daughters and one son. Cerrniza succeeded commander Delimarcovic after he had been killed in July, 1653, with the title of collonelo delli Nationi Crovata, et Albanese (commander of the Croats and Albanians).[7] In 1657, Cernizza fought with commander Stjepjana Nikole in the defence of Kotor against the Ottomans.

In 1647, Cernizza was employed as an officer in Budva, and previous to that he had been in the Venetian military on armed boats. In 1622, he was an officer under Gjergj Gjinis company. On February 23, 1647, the Venetian Senate appointed Cernizza as the governor of Pastrovici.[8] On October 14, 1634, the Venetians granted the island of Pontadure to Vuko Cernizza, who purchased it a few years later, making him the governor with an annual pay of 200 ducats. The Serenissima granted the family privileges as they had freed the island of pirates.[9] Cernizza also fought in the Cretan War and in 1647, the Montenegrin clans appointed him as their governor in order to negotaite with Venice.[10] Cernizza died in 1761 in Zadar.[11]

Name and family[]

Vuk Cernizza belonged to the group of Albanian families of Orlandic, Cruta (Krutaj), Ginni (Gjini), and Scurra (Skuraj), who fled Ulcinj during Ottoman invasions and who turned to Venice with lifelong services.[12][13] There is certain unclarity regarding Cernizza's origin with historians arguing if he was Albanian,[14] Croatian or Montenegrin.[15]

References[]

  1. ↑ Stanojević, Gligor (1970) (in sr). Jugoslovenske zemlje u mletačko-turskim ratovima XVI-XVIII vijeka (Translation: Summary of certificates and ducal services provided to the Most Serene Republic by the guvernator Vuco Cernizza, Albanian with loads over those of soldier. ed.). Istorijski institut. p. 209. https://books.google.se/books?id=ilUNAQAAIAAJ&q=Vuco+Cernizza&dq=Vuco+Cernizza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlxOCaoNjlAhVj_CoKHTYyCq0Q6AEIODAC. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  2. ↑ Book, Maria Cristina Miotto, Alessandra Targa, Mayhew (in en). INTERADRIA EREDITÀ CULTURALI DELL’ADRIATICO. Dalmatia between Ottoman and Venetian Rule Contado di Zara 1645-1718. p. 127. https://www.scribd.com/document/154288072/Mayhew-Book. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  3. ↑ Ravlić, Jakša (1964) (in hr). Zadar: geografia, ekonomija, saobraćaj, povijest, kultura. Zbornik (Translation: Mistress, in the Venetian galleys, if commanded by the native people, was commanded in the native language.81 mention Vuk Crnica (Vučo Cernizza) of a nobleman from Zadar, as the elected captain of an armed galley ... ed.). Matica Hrvatska. p. 36. https://books.google.se/books?id=nVG4AAAAIAAJ&q=Vuco+Cernizza&dq=Vuco+Cernizza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlxOCaoNjlAhVj_CoKHTYyCq0Q6AEIczAJ. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  4. ↑ Mayhew, Tea (2008) (in en). Dalmatia Between Ottoman and Venetian Rule: Contado Di Zara, 1645-1718. Viella. p. 182. ISBN 9788883343346. https://books.google.se/books?id=FqgPAQAAMAAJ&q=Vuco+Cernizza&dq=Vuco+Cernizza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlxOCaoNjlAhVj_CoKHTYyCq0Q6AEIMjAB. 
  5. ↑ Lovorka Čoralić, Savo Marković. CRMNIČANI U MLETAČKIM DOKUMENTIMA XVII ST. Orlandići (Translation: As a soldier and officer in the Venetian service, Vuko Orlandic has been mentioned since the 1620s. Apart from the command of George Gini, he also fought in other, land and naval (barche armate) Venetian formations throughout the southern Venetian battlefield. His brother Zorzi also made war in the Venetian service, in which he became an officer in 1628. According to research by Gligor Stanojevic, primarily archival material from the Venetian State Archives (the writings of the General Provinces of Dalmatia and Albania, the writings of the Venetian Senate), Vuko is referred to in the documents as Vuco Cernizza or as Vuco Orlandich. Most documents include the Albanese designation, common in official Venetian writings for residents of the Venetian province of Albania, regardless of their ethnic or religious affiliation. The documents of 1627 ("capitan Vucho da Cernizza") and 1637 ("un tal capitanio Vucho Cernizza della patria di Monte Negro") are resolved more closely by this Venetian officer's ethnic and ethnic background. In 1636, he was listed in the governorship list as Vucho Orlandich, and six years later the "capitanio Vucho Orlandich" commanded the company of the "cento fanti Albanesi". Compare: Gligor Stanojevic, Yugoslav Countries in Venetian-Turkish Wars of the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Belgrade Historical Institute, Special Issues, Vol. 14, Belgrade 1970 (hereinafter: Stanojević 1970), p. 208.-209 Send feedback History Saved Community ed.). p. 2. http://montenegrina.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Savo-Markovi%C4%87-Lovorka-Coralic-Crmnica.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  6. ↑ Gibiec, Magdalena; Wiśniewska, Dorota; Ziątkowski, Leszek (2019) (in en). The City and the Process of Transition from Early Modern Times to the Present. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 40, 48,. ISBN 9781527539631. https://books.google.se/books?id=9TmvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&dq=Vuco+Cernizza&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlxOCaoNjlAhVj_CoKHTYyCq0Q6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Vuco%20Cernizza&f=false. 
  7. ↑ Madunic, Domagoj (in en). „Jadranska eskadra” (1645-1669): obrana Jadrana u vrijeme Kandijskog rata (Translation: Aft er Delimarcovich had been killed in combat in July 1653, he was succeeded by Vuco Cernizza (Vuk Črnica-Orlandić), whose title was adjusted (to refl ect his actual authority) to that of collonelo delli Nationi Crovata, et Albanese. ed.). p. 225. https://www.academia.edu/21873870/_Jadranska_eskadra_1645-1669_obrana_Jadrana_u_vrijeme_Kandijskog_rata. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  8. ↑ Orlandic, Blazo (2011). SELO SEOCA U CRMNICI (Translation: The second point of the petition is that the Montenegrin chiefs are seeking Vuk Orlandic Crmnican for the governorship of Montenegro 'since he is a nobleman of our country'. (Highlighted a.). Since the beginning of 1647, Orlandic has been employed as an officer in Budva. Previously, he was in the Venetian military service on armed boats. As early as 1622, he was an officer in Captain George Gini's company. Also, Vuk's brother, Djordje Orlandic, became an officer in the Venetian service in 1628. Vuko had three other brothers: Stefan, Ivan and Vul who lived in Zadar. All three were officers, with Stefan and Ivan both captains (Savo Markovic - Lovorka Coralic - cf. a.). By a decision of the Senate of February 23, 1647, Vuko Crmnicanin was appointed governor of Pashtrovic by himself ed.). MATICA, ljeto/jesen 2011.. pp. 388, 389,. http://www.maticacrnogorska.me/files/46-47/19%20blazo%20orlandic.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  9. ↑ cav BIANCHI, CARLO FEDERICO (1880). Zara Cristiana. Volume II. (Translation: Such were the lords Cernizza, to whom the Venetian republic with the ducal of October 14, 1634 had granted the island of Pontadura for their habitation with the obligation to pay 200 ducats annually. After a few years Vuco Cernizza finally bought it, to which the Serenissima confers the title of count and also of Governor, for the merits acquired by the family in freeing these places from pirate excursions ed.). p. 182. https://www.scribd.com/document/118006886/BIANCHI-Zara-Cristiana-II. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  10. ↑ Madunic, Domagoj (2012). defensiones dalmatiae: governance and logistics of the venetian defensive system in Dalmatia during the War of Crete (1645-1669). Central European University. pp. 61, 62,. http://www.etd.ceu.edu/2012/hphmad02.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  11. ↑ Soric, Sofia (2014). Ljetnikovci mletačkog pukovnika Vukâ Crnice na otocima Viru i Ugljanu (Translation: Colonel of the Venetian army, Vuko Crnica, in Montenegro is called historiography by Vuko Orlandic. As a Venetian officer it has been mentioned since the 1920s and beyond area of the Venetian-Turkish frontline, and since the sixties The 17th century is a permanent presence in the Zadar area. died was in Zadar in 1671.4   In the family legacy guarded are portraits of Captain Vukâ from 1653 and Colonel the Venetian army of Mark of 1656, which, according to G. Sabalicha, are descended from their country house on Vir.5   IN In the 18th century, Marko and Vicko Crnica were called conte di Puntadura according to their property on Vir Island. ed.). p. 327. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/193426. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  12. ↑ Čoralić, Lovorka. Albanska obitelj Ginni u povijesti Dalmacije i Istre (xvi. i xvii. st.) – prilog poznavanju komunikacija duž istočnojadranske obale (Riječ je o albanskoj obitelji Ginni (Gini, Ghini), zavičajem vjerojatno iz sjeverne Albanije, čiji su odvjetci u ranom novovjekovlju imali zapaženu ulogu u vojnoj i društvenoj povijesti istočnojadranskoga uzmorja od Mletačke Albanije do Istre. (Translation: This is an Albanian family called Ginni (Gini, Ghini), a homeland probably from northern Albania, whose attorneys played a prominent role in the military and social history of the eastern Adriatic coast from Venetian Albania to Istria in the early modern times.) ed.). Lovorka Čoralić Hrvatski institut za povijest Opatička 10 10000 Zagreb Republika Hrvatska. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/29197. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
  13. ↑ Defensiones dalmatiae: governance and logistics of the venetian defensive system in Dalmatia during the War of Crete (1645-1669). p. 61. 2012. URL: http://www.etd.ceu.edu/2012/hphmad02.pdf
  14. ↑ (in hr) 147CoralicRadoviZad50 (Translation: Vuk Crmnica (Curnizza), a native of Šestani near the Crmnica area and then one of the leading Venetian military commanders in Dalmatia.21 From the allegations of Stjepan's affiliation with Vuk Crmnica we learn that both were participants in the defense of Kotor in 1657, during one of the largest and the most dangerous Ottoman sieges.22 The Venetian ed.). p. 154. https://pdfslide.net/documents/147coralicradovizad50.html. 
  15. ↑ Orlandic, Blazo. SELO SEOCA U CRMNICI (All Venetian documents are recorded as Albanese. There are several confirmations that Vuko Crmnicanin was a Montenegrin from the Orlandic Brotherhood. The Albanian Gego Skura, in one petition of 1637, states, inter alia: 'un tal capitanio Vucho Cernizza della Patria di Monte Negro'. Dalm. relt. et altri f. 38, Zadar, December 8, 1637. Another document explicitly states that he is from Crmnica. Dover esso governor transfers in Chiozza con la barca del capitan Vucho da Cernizza. Prov. gen. in Dalm. et al., f. 441, Trogir, October 6, 1627. One payroll of 1636 also mentions Vuko Crmnicanin among the four governors. The same, f. 451, Zadar, June 26, 1636. That he was Orlandic we have certificates in two documents. The list of governorships of 1636 mentions Vucho Orlandich. The same, f. 451, Zadar September 1, 1636. Six years later he was mentioned as Captain Vuko Orlandic. L'altra di cento fanti Albanesi del catpitanio Vuco Orlandich. The same, f. 457. Zadar July 21, 1642. Vuko Orlandic The Crimnic is mentioned in many payrolls as a captain or a governor. Nowhere did I find that Vuko Orlandic was mentioned in the same document as a Crmnic, but there is no other Captain Vuko in the payroll of that time. ed.). p. 389. http://www.maticacrnogorska.me/files/46-47/19%20blazo%20orlandic.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2019. 
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