| Type 35 torpedo boat | |
|---|---|
 Type 1935 torpedo boat | |
| Class overview | |
| Built: | 1938-1940 |
| Completed: | 12 |
| Lost: | 6 sunk, 2 scuttled |
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Displacement: |
844 tons standard, 1,088 tons full load (Schichau) 839 tons standard, 1082 tons full load (Deschimag) |
| Length: | 84.3 m |
| Beam: | 8.62 m |
| Draught: |
2.33 m (standard) 2.94 m (full load) |
| Propulsion: |
2 shaft geared turbines 2 Wagner type boilers 31,000 shp |
| Speed: | 35.5 kn (65.7 km/h) |
| Range: |
1,200 nmi (2,220 km) at 19 kn (35 km/h) |
| Complement: | 119 |
| Armament: |
One 105 mm L/45 C/34 gun One 37 mm L/83 c/33 gun five-eight 20 mm guns six 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes (2x3) 30 mines |
The Type 35 Torpedo boats were small destroyers (German: Flottentorpedoboot "Fleet Torpedo Boat") built for the German Kriegsmarine between 1939 and 1942. They were designed to exploit a clause in the Washington Naval Treaty, which stipulated that ships under 600 tons standard displacement did not count towards limited tonnages. They did however grow in size to 845 tons standard tonnage. Their primary intention was to produce a seaworthy torpedo craft larger and more heavily armed than a Schnellboot. These ships fought in the North Sea, English Channel and Baltic Sea. They were not considered very successful, their weak gun armament was disliked and the machinery was unreliable and difficult to repair. They also had relatively poor seakeeping and a weak bridge structure.
General characteristics[]
The requirements for the 1935 class included a maximum "declared" displacement of around 600 tons in order to come within a clause in the Washington Naval Treaty, and higher speeds than the older 1923 and 1924 classes. In reality these ships came in overweight at around 900 tons standard displacement. To achieve this, high pressure turbines were used but these were unreliable and difficult to repair and maintain in the restricted space of the hull. The low displacement made them unseaworthy which was only partially resolved by 1940 and this reduced the effectiveness of the class as minelayers. There was an even greater concentration on torpedoes, with a single 10.5 centimetre gun and minimal anti-aircraft protection. Twelve 1935s were built, six at Schichau, Elbing and six at Deschimag, Bremen; there were minor differences between the two groups. Six were sunk, and two others scuttled, by the end of the war. Of the survivors, three were transferred abroad as war reparations and the last was scrapped in Germany.
Ships[]
| Ship | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | Schichau, Elbing | 19 February 1938 | 1 December 1939 | Sunk 10 April 1945, by bombing in Kiel Harbour |
| T2 | Schichau | 7 April 1938 | 2 December 1939 | Sunk 29 July 1944 by bombing in Bremen; salvaged, but scrapped in 1945 |
| T3 | Schichau | 23 June 1938 | 3 February 1940 | Sunk in Le Havre by bombing 19 September 1940 but raised and repaired, 1941. Sunk by mines in Danzig Bay 14 March 1945 |
| T4 | Schichau | 15 April 1938 | 27 May 1940 | Transferred to US in 1945, then Denmark (1948). Scrapped 1951 without seeing service. |
| T5 | Deschimag, Bremen | 22 November 1937 | 23 January 1940 | Sunk by mines in Danzig Bay 14 March 1945 |
| T6 | Deschimag | 16 December 1937 | 30 April 1940 | Mined off Aberdeen, 7 November 1940 |
| T7 | Deschimag | 18 June 1938 | 20 December 1939 | Sunk 29 July 1944 by bombing in Bremen; salvaged, but scrapped in 1945 |
| T8 | Deschimag | 10 August 1938 | 8 October 1939 | Scuttled 3 May 1945 |
| T9 | Schichau | 3 November 1938 | 4 July 1940 | Scuttled 3 May 1945 |
| T10 | Schichau | ? | 5 August 1940 | Sunk in Gotenhaven by bombing 18 December 1944 |
| T11 | Deschimag | 1 March 1939 | 24 May 1940 | War reparation to France. Served as Bir Hakeim in French Navy. Stricken 1951. |
| T12 | Deschimag | 12 April 1939 | 3 July 1940 | Transferred to USSR, served in the Soviet Navy as destroyer Podvizhny (Подвижный). Stricken 1957 and scrapped.[3] |
Notes[]
References[]
- Gardiner, Robert (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1922–1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Volume 1: Major Surface Warships. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-790-9.
- Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
- Whitley, M. J. (1991). German Destroyers of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-302-8.
External links[]
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Coordinates: 57°08′N 1°58′E / 57.133°N 1.967°E
The original article can be found at Type 35 torpedo boat and the edit history here.