Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Finnish)

Treaty of Tartu
Russian: Тартуский мирный договор; Finnish language: Tarton rauha
	The Finnish-Russian border was decided in the Treaty of Tartu. Petsamo (in red) became Finnish, whilst Repola and Porajärvi (green) were handed back to Soviet Russia.
Type	Peace treaty
Signed	14 October 1920
Location	Tartu, Estonia
Effective	31 December 1920 (according to article 39 of the treaty)
Expiration	1939; Start of Winter War
Signatories	Russian SFSR; Finland
Language	Russian; Finnish; Swedish

For other uses, see Treaty of Tartu (disambiguation).

The Treaty of Tartu (Russian: Тартуский мирный договор, Finnish language: Tarton rauha ) between Finland and Soviet Russia was signed on 14 October 1920 after negotiations that lasted for four months. The treaty confirmed the border between Finland and Soviet Russia after the Finnish civil war and Finnish volunteer expeditions in Russian East Karelia. Ratifications of the treaty were exchanged in Moscow on December 31, 1920. The treaty was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on March 5, 1921.^[1]

The treaty confirmed that the Finnish-Soviet border would follow the old border between the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland and Imperial Russia. Finland additionally received Petsamo, with its ice-free harbour on the Arctic Ocean. As far back as 1864, Tsar Alexander II had promised to join Petsamo to Finland in exchange for a piece of the Karelian Isthmus.^[2] Finland also agreed to leave the joined and then occupied areas of Repola (joined to Finland during the Viena expedition) and Porajärvi (joined during the Aunus expedition) in Russian East Karelia. The treaty also had some articles besides area and border issues, including Soviet guarantee of free navigation of merchant ships from the Finnish ports in Lake Ladoga (Laatokka in Finnish) to the Gulf of Finland via the River Neva. Finland guaranteed land transit from Soviet Union to Norway via the Petsamo area. Also, Finland agreed to disarm the coastal fortress in Ino, opposite the Soviet city Kronstadt located on the island of Kotlin. The Finnish outer islands in the Gulf of Finland were demilitarized.

The treaty was subject to controversy first during the East Karelian Uprising 1921–1922 when Finnish government allowed volunteers to take part in the conflict, and finally broken by the Soviet Union in 1939 when it started the Winter War.

Delegations[]

The Finnish delegation[]

Juho Kusti Paasikivi, leader
Juho Vennola
Alexander Frey
Rudolf Walden
Väinö Tanner
Väinö Voionmaa
Väinö Kivilinna

it is related with

Soviet Delegation[]

Yan Antonovich Berzin (Berzin-Ziemelis)
Platon Mikhailovich Kerzhentsev
Nikolai Sergeyevich Tikhmenev
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Samoylo
Yevgeny Andreyevich Berens

Notes[]

↑ League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 3, pp. 6-79
↑ Pieni tietosanakirja, [1] "The senate had suggested in 1863 that if the promise of handing over the weapons factory in question and its surrounding area to Russia could be realized, then the above mentioned coastal region could be given to Finland. In 1864 there were imperial statute about that, but that never occurred." (translation from Finnish)

External links[]

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Text of the treaty

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[1] League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 3, pp. 6-79

[2] Pieni tietosanakirja, [1] "The senate had suggested in 1863 that if the promise of handing over the weapons factory in question and its surrounding area to Russia could be realized, then the above mentioned coastal region could be given to Finland. In 1864 there were imperial statute about that, but that never occurred." (translation from Finnish)

[1]

[2]