| Sir Thomas Maitland | |
|---|---|
 General Maitland meets Toussaint L'Ouverture to discuss the secret treaty | |
| Born | 1759 |
| Died | 1824 (aged 64–65) |
| Allegiance |
 United Kingdom |
| Service/branch |
 British Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Battles/wars |
Peninsular War Napoleonic Wars |
| Awards |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order |
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Maitland, GCB, GCH (1759–1824) was a British soldier and colonial governor. He also served as a Member of Parliament for Haddington from 1790–96, 1802–06 and 1812–13. He was made a Privy Councillor on 23 November 1803. He was the third son of James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale and younger brother of James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale. Maitland never married.
Military service[]
Maitland was commissioned into the Edinburgh Light Horse, shortly after his birth, but did not take up his commission until he joined the 78th Foot as a Captain in 1778. He transferred to the 72nd Foot, and then to the 62nd Foot as a Major in 1790. He was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel in 1794 and Colonel and Brigadier-General in 1798.
Gubernatorial service[]
Maitland served as Governor of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) during 1805 to 1811. In early 1812, Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Wellington began the campaign that resulted in his victory at the Battle of Salamanca on 22 July. To prevent Marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet from sending French reinforcements from the east coast of Spain, Wellington requested that Lord William Bentinck launch a diversionary operation using the British garrison of Sicily. At first Bentinck agreed to send 10,000 of his soldiers, but in March he reversed himself. After much persuasion, he allowed the operation to go forward and on 7 June he put 8,000 men aboard naval transports under the command of Maitland. The fickle Bentinck changed his mind again on 9 June, stopping the expedition. At last on 28 June Maitland sailed for Minorca. The fleet first picked up 6,000 Spanish troops at Minorca and landed on 31 July at Palamós, 65 miles (105 km) northeast of Barcelona. He wisely decided that Barcelona was too strong to attack, but he also refused to try to capture weakly-held Tarragona.[1] Maitland soon received news that Joseph O'Donnell's Army of Murcia had been routed at the Battle of Castalla on 21 July. Without the support of O'Donnell, Maitland decided he could not accomplish anything. He re-embarked his expeditionary force and sailed to Alicante instead, joining his troops with the garrison to form an army of 15,000 men.[2] Because of the disaster at Salamanca, the French were forced to evacuate both Madrid in central Spain and Andalusia in the south. Their combined forces joined Suchet in the province of Valencia.[3] In close proximity to 80,000 French soldiers, Maitland declined to move from Alicante.[2] Maitland asked to be relieved in September 1812 due to illness.[4] Maitland was appointed governor of Malta during 1813-1824, where he became known as "King Tom" by the Maltese. He also served as Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian islands during 1815 to 1823, while the islands were a British protectorate between 1814 and 1864. The seat of administration was at Corfu.
Love story at Ceylon[]
The governor's palace, Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka
While at Ceylon, Maitland was attracted to a place at "Galkissa" (Mount Lavinia) and decided to construct his palace there. During this time, Maitland fell in love with a half-caste dancing-girl named Lovina, who had been born to Portuguese and Sinhalese parents. During the construction of the palace, Maitland gave instructions for the construction of a secret tunnel to Lovina's house, which was located close to the governor's palace. One end of the tunnel was inside the well of Lovina's house and the other end was in a wine cellar inside the governor's palace. When the governor came to reside there, he would often use the tunnel to meet Lovina.[5][6] The Sinhalese village that surrounded the Governor’s mansion developed into a modern city named "Galkissa". Later the city was renamed "Mount Lavinia" in honour of Lovina. In 1920 the tunnel was sealed up.
The bicentenary celebration of the Mount Lavinia Hotel was held in 2005. Some of Sir Thomas Maitland's relatives living in the UK attended the ceremony.[7]
See also[]
- Mount Lavinia Hotel
- Maitland Plan
Notes[]
- ↑ Glover, Michael (2001). The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-141-39041-7.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gates, David (2002). The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War. London: Pimlico. p. 364. ISBN 0-7126-9730-6.
- ↑ Glover (2001), pp. 207-210
- ↑ Glover (2001), p. 270
- ↑ Seneviratne, Maureen (1995) The story of Mount Lavinia Hotel McCallum Publishers, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 20-22, OCLC 37579642
- ↑ Aves, Edward (2003) "Mount Lavinia" Sri Lanka Footprint, Bath, England, page 79, ISBN 1-903471-78-8
- ↑ "History of the Mount Lavinia hotel". Hotel's Website. http://www.mountlaviniahotel.com/sir-thomas-maitland.html. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
Further reading[]
- Dixon, Cyril Willis (1939) The Colonial Administrations of Sir Thomas Maitland Longmans, Green and Company, London, OCLC 2888724; reprinted in 1968 by Cass, London, OCLC 461019
- Hulugalle, H. A. J. (1963) "Sir Thomas Maitland (1805-1811)" British Governors of Ceylon Associated Newspapers of Ceylon, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pages 18–25, OCLC 4175720
External links[]
- worldstatesmen.org
- regiments.org
- The Louverture Project: Thomas Maitland - Thomas Maitland and the Haitian Revolution.
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The original article can be found at Thomas Maitland (British Army officer) and the edit history here.