Hasan Predojević | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born |
ca. 1530 |
| Died |
June 22, 1593 Sisak, Kingdom of Croatia, Habsburg Monarchy |
| Denomination |
Eastern Orthodox Christianity (at birth) Sunni Islam (converted, see devshirme) |
| Telli Hasan Pasha | |
|---|---|
| Allegiance |
 Ottoman Empire |
| Rank | Beylerbey of Bosnia Eyalet, Vizier |
| Battles/wars | Conquest of Bihać and Senj, Battle of Sisak |
Telli Hasan Pasha, or Hasan Predojević, known formally as Gazi Hasan-paša Predojević (ca. 1530 - 22 June 1593), was the fifth Ottoman beylerbey of Bosnia and a notable Ottoman military commander, who led an invasion of the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia during the Ottoman wars in Europe.
Life[]
Early life[]
He was born Nikola Predojević[1][2] to an Orthodox Vlach[3] family of shepherds, from the village of Klobuk near Trebinje in the Herzegovina region and was thus called Klobučarić. An Ottoman sultan wrote in a book that he had requested from a notable lord in Herzegovina, named Predojević, that 30 little Serbian children (including Predojević's only son Jovan, and his nephew Nikola) to be sent to Ottoman service (see devshirme).[4] After his conversion to Islam he was given the name Hasan.
Ottoman service[]
During the rule of Murat III (1574–1595) he became Sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Segedin, where he stayed until June 1591, when he was appointed Beylerbey (Governor-General) of Bosnia.
Invasion of Croatia[]
Ottoman-controlled Bosnia during Telli Hasan Pasha's lifetime
In 1591 and just after being appointed Beylerbey, Hasan, a bellicose and dynamic military leader, strengthened the army of the Eyalet equipping it with better horses and erecting a bridge at Gradiška with the purpose of more easily maneuver between Bosnia and Slavonia.[5] After that, he launched a savage raid into the Kingdom of Croatia burning almost a hundred villages, taking some 35.000 captives[6] and so much booty, and capturing a number of major Habsburg forts.[7] However, he was unsuccessful in his attempts to occupy Sisak three times between that year and 1593.[8] In 1592, during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Murad III, a force of approximately twenty-thousand janissaries[9] invaded Croatia, which was then under the rule of the House of Habsburg, despite the fact that the two realms had signed a nine-year peace treaty in 1590. Led by the beylerbey of Bosnia, Telli Hasan Pasha, the army's goal was to seize the strategically important town of Senj and its port and to eliminate the Uskoci, Croatian soldiers in the service of the Habsburgs and pirates, who had engaged in guerrilla warfare against the Ottomans. In 1592 his provincial army of about 20.000, attacked and forcefully occupied the fortified town of Bihać. Records show that nearly 2.000 people died in defense of the town, and an estimated 800 children were taken for Ottoman servitude (see devshirme), to be educated in Islam and become janissaries, as Hasan himself.
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"Fethija" mosque of Bihać, formerly a Romanic church. After the fall of the city to the Ottoman army, and its conversion into capital of its own Sanjak, the old main Romanic church was converted into a mosque and renamed "Fethija" (conquered)
At first, Telli Hasan Pasha met little resistance, allowing him to capture numerous Uskoci settlements, where they enslaved or slaughtered the entire population and burned the settlements. His forces soon besieged and captured Senj and exterminated the Uskoci population. As the Bosnian Ottoman regional invading force was advancing throughout the Croatian Frontier, Hasan settled a lot of Orthodox Vlach population, from which many men served in his army, as well some Turkish and Bosniak nobility, in the newly conquered territories.[10] For his successes, the Pasha was awarded the title of "Vizier" by the Sultan. However, the following year, Telli Hasan Pasha decided to advance further into Croatia. His force of some twenty-thousand was soundly defeated in the Battle of Sisak[8] and ultimately dispersed in a rout. "The brave Hasan Pasha himself also met with his fate, having fallen into the river with one of the bridges which had been cut to prevent the pursuit of the enemy. Such was the result of this terrible day."[11] Hasan Pasha is generally reported to have died in the battle,[12] as did his brother Džafer Bey, Mehmed Pasha, the sultan’s own nephew and governor of the Sanjak of Herzegovina,[13][14] Opardi Bey, governor of the Sanjak of Klis-Livno,[13][14] Zefar Bey, governor of the Sanjak of Zvornik,[13][14] and many other Turkish and Bosniak Pashas, Beys and Agas,[10] who accompanied the Vizier in his campaign. Indeed, after he had drowned in the river, his dress was taken as a trophy to Ljubljana where it was remade into the sacerdotal coat worn by the bishop during the celebration of the Thanksgiving mass.[15]
Aftermath and legacy[]
A monastery was built on the location of his grave, after requests of a Predojević to Sultan Murad, who also granted Kolunić and Smiljan (metochion).[16]
Name[]
Telli (or Deli[17]) Hasan Paşa, or Hasan Predojević, known formally as Gazi Hasan-paša Predojević.
See also[]
- Battle of Sisak
- Predojević
References[]
- ↑
»Никола Предојевић« је и име пастира (доцније Хасан паше) који је освојио Бихаћ. Он је пасао овце на »Предојевића Главици«, Гласник 3. М. 9, 1897, 695, упор. и Б. Вила 19, 1904, 71. — 25.
- ↑ Bosanska vila 1904, p. 71:
Предојевић ... Никола
- ↑ Croats and Serbs: Two Old and Different Nations, p. 145:.
After the fall of Bihać in 1592 the Bosnian Beylerbey Hasan Pasha Predojević settled Orthodox Vlachs from Eastern Herzegovina, especially those of his own Predojević clan, in the central part of Pounje around Brekovica, Ripač, Ostrovica and Vrla Draga up to Sokolovac.
- ↑ "Предојевић кнез и његов братић Никола". Srpski etnografski zbornik, Vol. 41. Državna štamparija. 1927. p. 392. http://books.google.com/books?id=_xUmAQAAIAAJ&q=Предојевић.
У старо вријеме писао је цар турски књигу у Херцеговину некаквом знатном кнезу, званом Предо- јевићу, да му пошаље тридесет малијех српскијех дјечака, и с њима свога јединог сина Јована. Када је Предојевић ...
- ↑ R. Lopasić, Spomenici Hrvatske krajine, III. (Zagreb, 1889)[page needed]
- ↑ Ante Beljo, Yugoslavia genocide: a documented analysis. [1], p. 294
- ↑ Stanford J. Shaw, History of the Ottoman empire and Modern Turkey. Vol. 1: Empire of Gazis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976, p. 184. ISBN 0-521-29163-1.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Luthar 2008, p. 215
- ↑ Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Vol.4: Vom Regierungsantritte Murad des Dritten bis zur zweyten Entthronung Mustafa des Ersten 1574 - 1623, Budapest: C. A. Hartleben, 1829, p. 218 and footnote with reference to the greatly differing figures in Turkish sources, e.g. Mustafa Naima,Tarichi Naima (i.e. "Naima's History"), Constantinople 1734, vol.I, p. 43 f. (Annals of the Turkish Empire: from 1591 to 1659. Transl. Charles Fraser. London: Oriental Translation Fund, 1832), and Austrian sources, e.g. Franz Christoph von Khevenhüller (1588–1650), Annales Ferdinandei, Leipzig: Weidmann 1721-1726, vol. IV, p. 1093.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Dominik Mandić, Croats and Serbs: Two Old and Different Nations. [2][page needed] Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Mandić" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Tarichi Naima (i.e. "Naima's History"), i.e. Mustafa Naima, Annals of the Turkish Empire from 1591 to 1659 of the Christian era, vol. 1, Transl. Charles Fraser. London: Oriental Translation Fund, p. 15 (google books)
- ↑ Celâl Güzel, Cem Oğuz, Osman Karatay, Murat Ocak: The Turks: Ottomans, (2 v. ), The Turks, vol.3, Ankara: Yeni Türkiye Publishers, 2002 ISBN 975-6782-55-2
Ivo Goldstein: Croatia. A History, Transl. by Nikolina Jovanović, London: C. Hurst & Co., 1999, p. 39 ISBN 1-85065-525-1, ISBN 978-1-85065-525-1 - ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Alfred H. Loebl, Das Reitergefecht bei Sissek vom 22. Juni 1593. Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung IX (1915): p. 767-787.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Peter Radics, Die Schlacht bei Sissek, 22. Juni 1593. (Ljubljana: Josef Blasnik, 1861)
- ↑ Bojan Baskar, Ambivalent Dealings with an Imperial Past: The Habsburg Legacy and New Nationhood in ex-Yugoslavia. [3][page needed]
- ↑ Bosanska vila 1904, p. 71:
Цар турски, Мурат П. допусти Предојевићу да цркву саградити може, а царица (султанија) му пак даде све трошкове, што су за градњу требали. Предојевић на гробници убијеног Николе сагради манастир, те по томе и манастир ...
- ↑ H. Biegman,The Turco-Ragusan relationship. According to the Firmāns of Murād III (1575-1595) extant in the state archives of Dubrovnik, The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1967, p. 143
but not to be confused with another Delí Hasan (brother of Karah Yáziji, 'Scrivano', i.e."the black Writer" ), a contemporary who was also in power in Bosnia for a while, cf.Naima's Annals, various pages (Google books)
Sources[]
The original article can be found at Telli Hasan Pasha and the edit history here.