Table of handgun and rifle cartridges by year

Table of selected handgun, submachine gun, rifle and machine gun cartridges by year.

Name	Date	Nation	Size Metric	Comments
.22 Short	1857	USA		Oldest commercial cartridge being loaded today.
.44 Henry	1860	USA	11×23mmR	a.k.a .44 Rimfire, .44 Long Rimfire, or 11×23mmR.
.32 rimfire	1861	USA		a.k.a .32 Short and .32 Long. Introduced in Smith & Wesson's Model 2 revolver.
.46 rimfire	1864	USA		a.k.a .46 Short, .46 Remington Carbine. First large-caliber metallic handgun cartridge.
.577 Snider	1866	United Kingdom	14.5×51mm Rimmed	The first black powder cartridge for British military use.
.50 Remington	1867	USA		a.k.a 50 Remington Pistol Navy Model 1867 and 50 Remingeon (M71 Army). Rimmed case 0.875" in length. .508 dia.
.450 Adams	1868	United Kingdom		a.k.a .450 Boxer and .450 Revolver.
.42 Berdan	1868	Russia	10.7×58mmR	a.k.a 4.2 Line Berdan. Designed by American inventor/soldier Hiram Berdan, adpopted by Russia in trapdoor 1868 and turnbolt 1870 Berdan Rifles.
.44 S&W American	1869	USA	11.0×29mm Rimmed
.577/450 Martini-Henry	1871	United Kingdom	11.43×60R (61R)mm Rimmed	The second black powder cartridge for British military use. Evolved from the .577 Snider case, lengthened and necked down to .45 (nominal) caliber. Used in the Martini rifles from 1871 to the present.
11×60mm Mauser	1871	Germany	11×60mm Rimmed	The first black powder cartridge adopted in large numbers by the unified German Army, it was used in the 1871 and 1871/84 rifles.
.50-90 Sharps	1872	USA		The mainstay of the American bison (buffalo) hunter.
.45-70	1873	USA		a.k.a .45-70 Government. One of the oldest centerfire cartridges still in commercial production.
.44-40 Winchester	1873	USA		.427 dia.
.45 Colt	1873	USA	11.58×32mm	a.k.a .45 Long Colt or .45 LC. Used in both pistol and rifle.
11mm Gras	1874	France	11×59mm Rimmed	The first French brass cartridge for military use.
.38 S&W	1877	USA		4th or 5th oldest commercial cartridge being loaded today.
.38 Long Colt	1877	USA	9.65mm	a.k.a .38 LC.
.32 S&W	1878	USA
.476 Enfield	1880	United Kingdom	11.6mm	a.k.a .476 Eley.
11×60mm Murata	1880	Japan	11×60mm Rimmed	The first black powder cartridge adopted in large numbers by the Japanese Army, it was used in the Murata rifle, a hybrid of French Gras and German Mausers 1871 and 1871/84 rifles.
8×53Rmm Murata	1880	Japan	8×53mm Rimmed	11×60mm Murata case necked down to 8mm.
.32-20 Winchester	1882	USA
.38-55 Winchester	1884	USA
8mm Lebel	1886	France	8×50mm Rimmed	a.k.a 8×50mmR French. Adapted from the 11mm Gras. The first smokeless powder cartridge for military use, started the small-bore smokeless revolution.
.22 Long Rifle	1887	USA		Most common cartridge in the world (by units sold).
7.92×57mm Mauser	1888	Germany	7.92×57mm	a.k.a 8×57mm Mauser, 8mm Mauser and 8 × 57 IS.
.455 Webley	1889	United Kingdom	11.5mm	year of approval
7.5×55mm Swiss	1911	Switzerland	7.5×55mm	a.k.a GP-11, 7.5×55mm Schmidt Rubin.
.303 British	1889	United Kingdom	7.7×56mmR
9×57mm Mauser	1890s	Germany	9.06×56.8mm
6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano	1891	Italy	6.80×52mm
7.62×54mmR	1891	Russia	7.62×54mm	Oldest cartridge still in official military use, used in SVD Dragunov with Russia and the PSL rifles with many other countries.
.30-40 Krag	1892	USA
7×57mm Mauser	1892	Germany	7×57mm
7.63×25mm Mauser	1893	Germany	7.62×25mm	Based on 7.65×25mm Borchardt. Most famous for use in Mauser C96 pistol. Basis for 7.62×25mm Tokarev round.
.25-20 Winchester	1895	USA		.32-20 Winchester case necked down.
6.5×55mm	1895	Union of Sweden and Norway	6.5×55mm
.30-30 Winchester	1895	USA		a.k.a. .30 Winchester Centerfire and .30 WCF. First smokeless cartridge designed for big game hunting.
.450 Nitro Express	1895	United Kingdom		J. Rigby smokeless cartridge based upon .450 Black Powder Express.
7.62×38mmR	1895	Russia	7.62×38mmR	a.k.a 7.62mm Nagant.
.32 S&W Long	1896	USA		Lengthened .32 S&W case.
6.5×50mmSR Arisaka	1897	Japan	6.5×50SR
7.65mm Browning	1899	Belgium	7.65×17mm	a.k.a .32 ACP.
7.65×21mm Parabellum	1900	Germany	7.65×21mm	a.k.a 7,65 Parabellum, 7.65mm Luger, .30 Parabellum and (wrongly) .30 Luger.
9mm Mars	1900	United Kingdom		Bottle necked cartridge for the Webley-Mars Automatic Pistol.
9×19mm Parabellum	1902	Germany	9×19mm	a.k.a 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Para, or (incorrectly) 9mm Luger.
.38 Special	1902	USA
.600 Nitro Express	1903	United Kingdom		Jeffrey, 900-grain (58 g) bullet 1,950 ft/s (590 m/s) at muzzle.
.45 ACP	1905	USA	11.43×23mm	Automatic Colt Pistol, first self-loading U.S. Army pistol round.
9.3×62mm	1905	Germany		Designed by Otto Bock for use in magazine rifles, e.g. Mauser 98, for African game.
.32 Winchester Self-Loading	1905	USA		a.k.a .32 WSL or .32 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1905 rifle.
.35 Winchester Self-Loading	1905	USA		a.k.a .35 WSL or .35 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1905 rifle.
.351 Winchester Self-Loading	1906	USA		a.k.a .351 WSL or .351 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1907 rifle.
.35 Remington	1906	USA
.25 ACP	1906	USA	6.35mm
.30-06 Springfield	1906	USA	7.62×63mm
.470 Nitro Express	1907	United Kingdom		Designed by Joseph Lang.
.44 Special	1908	USA
2 mm Kolibri	1910	USA	2mm	Smallest round ever manufactured.
.401 Winchester Self-Loading	1910	USA	10.31×38mm	a.k.a .401 WSL or .401 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1910 and the Belgian Clement-Neumann rifle.
.416 Rigby	1911	United Kingdom	10.6×74mm	Later used parent cartridge of the .338 Lapua Magnum.
9mm Browning Short	1912	Belgium	9×17mm	a.k.a .380 Auto, .380 ACP.
.375 Holland & Holland Magnum	1912	United Kingdom		The rimmed .375 H&H Flanged Magnum for double-guns and the .375 H&H Belted Rimless Magnum with a headspacing belt for magazine-fed rifles were released simultaneously in 1912.
.250-3000 Savage	1915	USA		3,000 ft/s (910 m/s)
.300 Savage	1920	USA
.50 BMG	1921	USA	12.7×99mm	Used in Heavy Machine Guns and anti-materiel rifles.
7.5×57mm MAS	1924	France	7.8×57mm	a.k.a 7.5×54mm French. Used in fusil-mitrailleur mle 1924.
.270 Winchester	1925	USA
.38 Super	1929	USA		a.k.a .38 Super and .38 Colt Auto.
.22 Hornet	1930	USA		First centerfire cartridge widely adapted for varmint hunting.
7.92mm DS	1934	Poland	7.92×107mm	Used for kbk ppanc wz.35 anti-tank rifle.
.357 Magnum	1935	USA		Lengthened .38 Special, most powerful handgun round after .44 Walker.
.220 Swift	1935	USA
.348 Winchester	1936	USA		One of the most powerful rimmed cartridges ever used in a lever rifle.[citation needed]
7.92×33mm Kurz	1938	Germany		First assault rifle round, used in MKb 42.
.218 Bee	1938	USA
7.35×51mm Carcano	1938	Italy
6.5×68mm	1939	Germany
8×68mm S	1939	Germany
7.7×58mm Arisaka	1939	Japan
.30 Carbine	1940	USA	7.62×33mm
7.62×39mm	1943	USSR		7.92×33mm Kurz case lengthened and necked down. .311 dia.
9×18mm Makarov	1946	USSR	9×18mm	Designed to replace the 7.62×25mm Tokarev as the standard pistol and submachinegun cartridge of the USSR. Not to be confused with the German 9×18mm Ultra.
.280 British	1948	United Kingdom	7mm	a.k.a 7mm FN Short. Intermediate round adopted in 1951.
.222 Remington	1950	USA
7.62×51mm NATO	1950	Belgium/USA		NATO (1953), T65 .308
.308 Winchester	1955	USA		Civilian 7.62mm NATO
.44 Magnum	1955	USA		a.k.a .44 Remington Magnum. Lengthened .44 Special.
.223 Remington	1955	USA		Lengthened .222 Remington
.243 Winchester	1955	USA	6×51mm	.308 Winchester case necked down to 6mm.
.458 Winchester Magnum	1956	USA
.280 Remington	1957	USA		.30-06 Springfield case necked down to 7mm.
.460 Weatherby	1958	USA		.458 dia.
.454 Casull	1959	USA		Lengthened .45 Colt, most powerful handgun round until 1990s.
5.56×45mm NATO	1960	USA
.256 Winchester Magnum	1962	USA		.357 Magnum case necked down to .257".
7mm Remington Magnum	1962	USA
.221 Remington Fireball	1963	USA
.300 Winchester Magnum	1963	USA
.41 Remington Magnum	1964	USA
.444 Marlin	1964	USA		Lengthened .44 Magnum case. .429 dia.
.22-250 Remington	1965	USA		Varminter
5 mm Remington Rimfire Magnum	1970	USA	5mm (.2045)
.44 AMP	1971	USA		a.k.a .44 Auto Mag Pistol. .429 dia.
.30 Herrett	1973	USA		Shortened .30-30 Winchester.
5.45×39mm	1974	USSR		Developed for AK-74. .215 dia.
.22 PPC	1974	USA
6 mm PPC	1975	USA		.22 PPC case necked up to 6mm.
6.5 mm JDJ	1978	USA		.225 Winchester case necked up to 6.5mm and then blown out.
.45 Magnum	1979	USA		a.k.a .45 Winchester Magnum. Lengthened and strengthened .45 ACP.
5.56×45mm NATO SS109	1979	Belgium		NATO (1980), 2nd gen.
7mm-08 Remington	1980	USA		.308 Winchester case necked down to 7mm (.284").
.307 Winchester	1982	USA		Rimmed version of the .308 Winchester, for use in lever-action rifles.
10mm Auto	1983	Sweden
.338 Lapua Magnum	1983	Finland	8.6×70mm	Designed for military sniper rifles.
.32 H&R Magnum	1984	USA		Lengthened .32 S&W Long.
.41 Action Express	1986	USA
5.6mm Gw Pat 90	1987	Switzerland	5.6×45mm	Swiss military version of the 5.56×45mm NATO. For SIG-Sauer 550, 551, and 552.
5.8×42mm DBP87	1987	China	5.8×42mm
.416 Remington Magnum	1988	USA
.50 Action Express	1988	USA		For IMI Desert Eagle.
.700 Nitro Express	1988	United Kingdom		Big game cartridge.
.40 S&W	1990	USA
FN 5.7×28mm	1990	Belgium	5.7×28mm	Bottlenecked high velocity PDW cartridge designed by FN Herstal in conjunction with the FN P90 personal defense weapon and FN Five-seven pistol.
.357 SIG	1994	Germany/USA
.224 Boz	1997	United Kingdom	5.56×23mm	10mm Auto case necked down to 5.56mm.
.400 Corbon	1997	USA		.45 ACP case necked down to .40 caliber.
.450 Marlin	2000	USA		Shortened .458 Winchester Magnum case, designed to match .45-70 performance.
HK 4.6×30mm	2000	Germany		Bottlenecked high velocity PDW cartridge designed by Heckler & Koch in conjunction with the Heckler & Koch MP7 personal defense weapon.
.480 Ruger	2001	USA		Shortened .475 Linebaugh case.
.300 WSM	2001	USA		Winchester Short Magnum
.408 Cheyenne Tactical	2001	USA		Used in Cheyenne Tactical's M200 Intervention, and M310 rifles.
.270 WSM	2002	USA		Winchester Short Magnum
7mm WSM	2002	USA		Winchester Short Magnum
.32 NAA	2002	USA		North American Arms
.375 RUM	2002	USA		A beltless, rebated rim cartridge developed by Remington Arms by necking up the .300 Remington Ultra Magnum case.
.400 H&H Magnum	2003	United Kingdom
.465 H&H Magnum	2003	United Kingdom
6.5 Grendel	2003	USA	6.5×39mm	Developed by Alexander Arms as a "low recoil, high accuracy, long-range cartridge for the AR-15 platform."
6.8 mm Remington SPC	2003	USA	6.8×43mm	Developed by Remington with members of 5th Special Forces Group.
.223 WSSM	2003	USA		Winchester Super Short Magnum
.243 WSSM	2003	USA		Winchester Super Short Magnum
.45 GAP	2003	Austria		Glock Automatic Pistol
.500 S&W Magnum	2003	USA		One of the most powerful handgun-specific cartridges.
.204 Ruger	2004	USA	5.18mm
.25 WSSM	2004	USA	6.35mm	Winchester Super Short Magnum
.325 WSM	2005	USA	8×53mm	Winchester Short Magnum
.460 S&W Magnum	2005	USA		Revolver cartridge for handgun hunting.
.416 Barrett	2006	USA	10.3mm	Designed as an alternative to the .50 BMG for sniper rifles.
.308 Marlin Express	2006	USA	7.62×48mm (unofficial)	Based upon a slightly shortened .308 Winchester cases with FTX bullets and special powder to approach .308 ballistics from a Marlin lever action rifle.
.17 Remington Fireball	2007	USA	4.368	High-performance approx 4,000 ft/s (1,200 m/s) in a small case.
.375 Ruger	2007	USA		Developed in collaboration between Ruger and Hornady.[citation needed]
.300 Ruger Compact Magnum	2007	USA		Based on .375 Ruger case.
.338 Ruger Compact Magnum	2007	USA		Based on .375 Ruger case.
.327 Federal Magnum	2008	USA	7.9mm
300 AAC Blackout	2011	USA	7.62×35mm	Developed for suppressed CQB as a sub sonic round. Supersonic is also available.