| USS Caiman (SS-323) | |
|---|---|
 Caiman (SS-323), Spring 1951 following GUPPY upgrade. | |
| Career (US) |  |
| Name: | USS Caiman (SS-323) |
| Builder: | Electric Boat Company, Groton, Connecticut[1] |
| Laid down: | 24 June 1943[1] |
| Launched: | 30 March 1944[1] |
| Commissioned: | 17 July 1944[1] |
| Decommissioned: | 30 June 1972[1] |
| Struck: | 30 June 1972[2] |
| Fate: | Transferred to Turkey, 30 June 1972[1] |
| Career (Turkey) |  |
| Name: | TCG Dumlupınar (S 339) |
| Commissioned: | 24 August 1972 |
| Struck: | Collided with the Russian freighter Szik Vovilov, run aground |
| General characteristics (As completed) | |
| Class & type: | Balao class diesel-electric submarine[2] |
| Displacement: |
1,526 long tons (1,550 tonne) surfaced[2] 2,424 tons (2,463 t) submerged[2] |
| Length: | 311 ft 9 in (95.02 m)[2] |
| Beam: | 27 ft 3 in (8.31 m)[2] |
| Draft: | 16 ft 10 in (5.13 m) maximum[2] |
| Propulsion: | |
| Speed: |
20.25 knots (38 km/h) surfaced[6] 8.75 knots (16 km/h) submerged[6] |
| Range: | 11,000 nautical miles (20,000 km) surfaced at 10 knots (19 km/h)[6] |
| Endurance: |
48 hours at 2 knots (3.7 km/h) submerged[6] 75 days on patrol |
| Test depth: | 400 ft (120 m)[6] |
| Complement: | 10 officers, 70–71 enlisted[6] |
| Armament: |
|
| General characteristics (Guppy IA) | |
| Displacement: |
1,830 tons (1,859 t) surfaced[7] |
| Length: | 307 ft 7 in (93.8 m)[8] |
| Beam: | 27 ft 4 in (8.3 m)[8] |
| Draft: | 17 ft (5.2 m)[8] |
| Propulsion: | Batteries upgraded to Sargo II[7] |
| Speed: |
Surfaced:
Submerged:
|
| Range: | 17,000 nm (28,000 km) surfaced at 11 knots (20 km/h)[8] |
| Endurance: | 36 hours at 3 knots (6 km/h) submerged[8] |
| Complement: |
10 officers 5 petty officers 64–69 enlisted men |
| Armament: |
10 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes |
USS Caiman (SS-323), a Balao-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the caiman, a fresh water alligator inhabiting the Amazon River area.
Caiman, originally Blanquillo, was renamed 24 September 1942 and launched 30 March 1944 by Electric Boat Co., Groton, Conn.; sponsored by Mrs. R. C. Bonjour; commissioned 17 July 1944, Commander J. B. Azer in command; and reported to the Pacific Fleet.
World War II[]
Caiman sailed from Pearl Harbor on her first war patrol 13 November 1944. Pausing at Saipan to put ashore her severely ill commanding officer and embark his relief, the submarine pushed on to the South China Sea, where she combined offensive patrol with lifeguard duty as a part of air-sea rescue operations to save aviators downed in air strikes on enemy-held territory. Aggressive American submarine and naval air attack had already greatly reduced the Japanese merchant fleet; hence Caiman made no contacts on this patrol, from which she returned to Fremantle, Australia, on 22 January 1945 to refit.
Her second patrol, performed in the South China Sea and off the Gulf of Siam, from 18 February to 6 April, also yielded no contacts, but on her third, which began at Subic Bay in the Philippines on 28 April, she sank two small schooners. Their use illustrated graphically the almost complete loss of modern merchant ships which the Japanese had suffered largely at the hands of the U.S. Navy.
Returning to Fremantle 27 June from her patrol area off southern Indo-China and western Borneo, the submarine refitted for her fourth war patrol, during which she performed three dangerous special missions, landing and later evacuating agents from the coast of Java. On this patrol, which took place from 22 July to the end of hostilities, she sank another Japanese schooner. She returned to Subic Bay 19 August, then sailed for the West Coast.
Post-war service[]
Caiman operated out of San Diego, Guam, and Pearl Harbor in 1946. In 1947 she made an Arctic familiarization cruise out of Seattle. Thereafter, based on Seattle, she served as reserve training ship until 23 April 1951, when she began a GUPPY conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Since then based at Pearl Harbor and San Diego, Caiman has alternated local operations and fleet exercises with tours of duty in the Far East at 18-month intervals. On her 1957 cruise, Brisbane, Australia, was added to her more usual itinerary of Japanese and Philippine ports.
TCG Dumlupınar (S 339)[]
Caiman was decommissioned, struck from the Naval Register, and transferred (sold), 30 June 1972, under terms of the Security Assistance Program, to Turkey. She arrived on 23 August 1972 in Gölcük and was commissioned the following day as TCG Dumlupınar (S 339), the third submarine of that name.
Unfortunately, she too collided in the Dardanelles (Just 28 nmi (52 km). north from the point where the previous TCG Dumlupınar was lost) with the Soviet freighter Szik Vovilov. Luckily, her crew was able to ground the submarine on a nearby bank, thus preventing another tragedy.
Honors and awards[]
Of Caiman's four war patrols, the last was designated "successful". She received two battle stars for service in World War II.
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 978-0-313-26202-9.
- ↑ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 p. 261
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305-311
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 11–43. ISBN 1-55750-260-9.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 U.S. Submarines Since 1945 pp. 242
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entries can be found here and here.
External links[]
- Photo gallery of Caiman at NavSource Naval History
- History of Turkish Submarines (1948–1972)
- USS Caiman Association
The original article can be found at USS Caiman (SS-323) and the edit history here.