| Robert Stuart Macrae | |
|---|---|
| Signature |
 |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |
 United Kingdom |
| Service/branch |
 British Army |
| Years of service | 1939–1955[1] |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Battles/wars | Second World War |
Colonel Robert Stuart Macrae TD was an inventor best known for his work at MD1 during the Second World War, his best known invention being the sticky bomb.
Macrae was the author of Winston Churchill's Toyshop. A memoir detailing his experiences at MD1.
Early career[]
Macrae had been a trainee engineer and late in the First World War worked on a device for dropping grendades as an early form of cluster bomb. The war ended before the device was used or he received any commission for his work.[2]
Macrae was an editor of Armchair Science magazine during the period leading up to the Second World War. He was approached by Millis Jefferis who was after strong magnets for a secret explosive project. Already security cleared from his previous work, Macrae was able to join in the project.
Second World War[]
Macrae was called up as a second lieutenant on the Special List of the Territorial Army on 1 September 1939.[3] with the effect that he had to give up editing Armchair Science and a gardening magazine at the same publisher.
One of Macrae's first weapons inventions was a limpet mine. The mine was developed by Macrae and Cecil Vandepeer Clarke in 1939 using improvised development techniques.[4][5]
Macrae was the administrator of MD1, but also able to continue to be involved in developing weapons and devices.
By the end of the war he was a war substantive lieutenant colonel. His promotion to full colonel, as a result of MD1 being upgraded to a Grade A Establishment, was halted by the end of the war.[6] He remained in the TA after the war, transferring to the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) as a substantive major on 9 October 1947 (with seniority from 6 October 1942).[7]
Later career[]
In 1947, Macrae applied to the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors with regards to his part in the development of the Sticky Bomb. His application was actively opposed on the basis that he was provided with the concept "on a plate" – the basic concept had been devised by Millis Jefferis. Macrae did not contradict this, but emphasised his part in the development of the weapon. He was awarded £500 [equivalent to £17,500 in 2024.[8]] for his contribution.[9] He was promoted to substantive lieutenant colonel on 1 July 1950,[10] and awarded the Territorial Efficiency Decoration, with clasp on 15 June 1951.[11]
In 1953, Macrae was questioned about his possession of certain documents originating from his time at MD1. Matters came to light as he again applied to the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors for his wartime work on a variety of gadgets. Some of the documents were secret or top secret. He explained that he had taken the papers home for safe keeping when The Firs closed in 1947 because no one else would take them away and they were left lying on the workshop floor[12] and he was soon exonerated of any wrongdoing.[13] As the hearing progressed, Major-General J. F. C. Holland, Major-General Sir Colin Gubbins gave evidence to the commission explaining the usefulness of the unorthodox weapons. Macrae shared a number of awards from the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors: £600 [equivalent to £15,000 in 2024[8]] jointly for the L-delay Switch; £400 [£10,000] for the limpet mine, £300 [£7,500] for an air-pressure switch and £200 [£5,000] for igniters, detonators and signal flashes.[14] He retired from army service on 1 January 1955, and was granted the honorary rank of colonel.[1]
Between 1956 and 1970, Macrae took out a number of patents relating to reflecting road studs.[15][16]
In 1971, Macrae published the book "Winston Churchill's Toyshop," detailing his work at MD1, one of the most famous and successful of all the British secret "back rooms" of World War II.[17] Macrae's book traces his work at the "toyshop," from the limpet mine, a delayed action mine, to the sticky bomb and the Blacker Bombard, to giant, bridge-carrying assault tanks (the Great Eastern).[17] The workshop operated initially out of a tiny basement workshop and later from a country mansion.[17] It produced an astonishing variety of ingenious and secret weapons that destroyed innumerable German tanks, aircraft and ships.[17]
Macrae's first wife Mary died at the family home in Beacon Way, Banstead on 24 May 1973.[18] The Macraes had three children, David, John and Vivien.[18]
In 1977, Macrae was engaged to be married to Anne Vivien Hall.[19] The following year, Macrae and his new wife attended a luncheon party given by Queen Elizabeth II on the Royal Yacht Britannia.[20]
Notes[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "No. 40377". 4 January 1955. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40377/page/
- ↑ Macrae 1971, pp. 4-5.
- ↑ "No. 34764". 29 December 1939. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34764/page/
- ↑ John Vandepeer Clarke. "Aniseed Balls and the Limpet Mine". WW2 People's War (BBC). http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/53/a4376153.shtml. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ↑ Macrae 1971, pp. 7-22.
- ↑ Macrae 1971.
- ↑ "No. 38152". 19 December 1947. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38152/page/
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2013), "What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
- ↑ Sticky Bomb Awards . The Times newspaper, 6 March 1951 p3 column B.
- ↑ "No. 38989". 11 August 1950. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38989/page/
- ↑ "No. 39258". 12 June 1951. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39258/page/
- ↑ Colonel Questioned On Secret Documents — Took Them Home For Safety. The Times newspaper, 18 November 1953 p4 column G.
- ↑ Inventor's Removal Of Files — "Satisfactory" Account To Royal Commission. The Times newspaper, 19 November 1953 p4 column E.
- ↑ Award To Limpet Bomb Inventors. The Times newspaper, 12 December 1953 p3 column G.
- ↑ Ross Donald Randolph and Robert Stuart Macrae (21 November 1956). "Improvements in and relating to road studs or marking plates". GB761922. European Patent Office. http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?KC=A&date=19561121&NR=761922A&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_V3&CC=GB&FT=D. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
- ↑ Robert Stuart Macrae (24 March 1970). "REFLECTING ROAD STUD". US3502008. European Patent Office. http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?KC=A&date=19700324&NR=3502008A&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_V3&CC=US&FT=D. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 "Winston Churchill's Toyshop". Biblio.com. http://www.biblio.com/isbn/9780802703989.html.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Deaths. The Times newspaper, 29 May 1973 p24 column A.
- ↑ Forthcoming Marriages. The Times newspaper, 14 September 1977 p18 column C.
- ↑ Court Circular — HM Yacht Britannia. The Times newspaper, 14 August 1978 p14 column A.
References[]
- Macrae, Stuart (1971). Winston Churchill's Toyshop. Roundwood Press. SBN 900093-22-6.
External links[]
- "Stuart Macrae's "Toy Box"". The Mills Grenade Collectors site. http://www.millsgrenades.co.uk/box.htm. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
The original article can be found at Stuart Macrae (inventor) and the edit history here.