| Soviet destroyer Grozny (1936) | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of sister ship Razumny, March 1944 | |
| Career (Soviet Union) |  |
| Name: | Grozny |
| Ordered: | 2nd Five-Year Plan |
| Builder: | Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov), Leningrad |
| Yard number: | 502 |
| Laid down: | 21 December 1935 |
| Launched: | 31 July 1936 |
| Completed: | 9 December 1938 |
| Renamed: | OS-3, 27 December 1956 |
| Reclassified: | As a test ship, 27 December 1956 |
| Struck: | 17 February 1956 |
| Fate: | Sunk, 10 October 1957 |
| General characteristics (Gnevny as completed, 1938) | |
| Class & type: | Gnevny-class destroyer |
| Displacement: |
|
| Length: | 112.8 m (370 ft 1 in) (o/a) |
| Beam: | 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in) |
| Draft: | 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) |
| Installed power: |
|
| Propulsion: |
|
| Speed: | 38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph) |
| Range: | 2,720 nmi (5,040 km; 3,130 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) |
| Complement: | 197 (236 wartime) |
| Sensors and processing systems: | Mars hydrophone |
| Armament: |
|
Grozny was one of 29 Gnevny-class destroyers (officially known as Project 7) built for the Soviet Navy during the late 1930s. Completed in 1938, she was initially assigned to the Baltic Fleet before being transferred to the Northern Fleet in May 1939.
Design and description[]
Having decided on the specifications of the large 40-knot (74 km/h; 46 mph) Leningrad-class destroyer leaders, the Soviet Navy sought Italian assistance in designing smaller and cheaper destroyers. They licensed the plans for the Folgore class and, in modifying it for their purposes, overloaded a design that was already somewhat marginally stable.[1]
The Gnevnys had an overall length of 112.8 m (370 ft), a beam of 10.2 m (33 ft), and a draft of 4.8 m (16 ft) at deep load. The ships were significantly overweight, almost 200 t (197 long tons) heavier than designed, displacing 1,612 t (1,587 long tons) at standard load and 2,039 t (2,007 long tons) at deep load. Their crew numbered 197 officers and sailors in peacetime and 236 in wartime.[2] The ships had a pair of geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller, rated to produce 48,000 shaft horsepower (36,000 kW) using steam from three water-tube boilers, which were intended to give them a maximum speed of 37 knots (69 km/h; 43 mph).[3] The designers had been conservative in rating the turbines, and many of the ships handily exceeded their designed speed during their sea trials. Others fell considerably short of it. Grozny reached 36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph) during her trials. Variations in fuel oil capacity meant that the range of the Gnevnys varied between 1,670 and 3,145 nautical miles (3,093 and 5,825 km; 1,922 and 3,619 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). Grozny demonstrated a range of 1,690 nmi (3,130 km; 1,940 mi) at that speed in 1943.[4]
As built, the Gnevny-class ships mounted four 130 mm (5.1 in) B-13 guns in two pairs of superfiring single mounts fore and aft of the superstructure. Antiaircraft defense was provided by a pair of 76.2 mm (3.0 in) 34-K AA guns in single mounts and a pair of 45 mm (1.8 in) 21-K AA guns,[5] as well as two 12.7 mm (0.50 in) DK or DShK machine guns. They carried six 533 mm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in two rotating triple mounts; each tube was provided with a reload. The ships could also carry a maximum of either 60 or 95 mines and 25 depth charges. They were fitted with a set of Mars hydrophones for antisubmarine work, although they were useless at speeds over 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph).[6] The ships were equipped with two K-1 paravanes intended to destroy mines and a pair of depth-charge throwers.[7]
Construction and service[]
Built in Leningrad's Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov) as yard number 502, Grozny was laid down on 21 December 1935, launched on 31 July 1936, and was completed on 9 December 1938.[8]
Citations[]
Sources[]
- Balakin, Sergey (2007) (in Russian). Легендарные "семёрки" Эсминцы "сталинской" серии. Moscow: Yauza/Eksmo. ISBN 978-5-699-23784-5.
- Berezhnoy, Sergey (2002) (in Russian). Крейсера и миноносцы. Справочник. Moscow: Voenizdat. ISBN 5-203-01780-8.
- Budzbon, Przemysaw (1980). "Soviet Union". In Chesneau, Roger. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 318–346. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Hill, Alexander (2018). Soviet Destroyers of World War II. New Vanguard. 256. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-2256-7.
- Platonov, Andrey V. (2002) (in Russian). Энциклопедия советских надводных кораблей 1941—1945. Saint Petersburg: Poligon. ISBN 5-89173-178-9.
- Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
- Rohwer, Jürgen & Monakov, Mikhail S. (2001). Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4895-7.
- Yakubov, Vladimir & Worth, Richard (2008). "The Soviet Project 7/7U Destroyers". In Jordan, John & Dent, Stephen. Warship 2008. London: Conway. pp. 99–114. ISBN 978-1-84486-062-3.
Further reading[]
- Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War 2. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.
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The original article can be found at Soviet destroyer Grozny (1936) and the edit history here.