Siege of UK bases in Basra | |||||||
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Part of the Post-invasion Iraq | |||||||
![]() Basra city | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Wissam Abu Qader† | |||||||
Strength | |||||||
6,200 | unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
32 killed (UK) 1 killed (DK)[2] | unknown |
The Siege of UK bases in Basra was conducted and maintained by the Mahdi Army in Basra for most of 2007. Following the reported success of the coalition operation codenamed Sinbad, whose purpose was to stabilise Basra and prepare it for the turning over of security to Iraqi government forces, the city was overrun by insurgent forces from three different militia forces, including the Mahdi Army, and the British found themselves under siege in their bases and capable of conducting only limited raids in armoured convoys into the city.
The Bases[]
By this point in the war there were only two British bases left in Basra. One was on the outskirts of the city at the Basra Airport with a garrison of 5,000 soldiers. The second, which took most of the brunt of the fighting, was in the city center at Basra Palace, a former palace of Saddam Hussein, with a garrison of 700 soldiers.[3]
The Siege[]
The first British soldier that was killed in the city, following operation Sinbad, was killed on 27 February. The airport base was being constantly hit by mortar and rocket fire during the siege but the Basra City battlegroup at the palace was involved in most of the fighting. The Uti Triangle, a flat zone combining open wasteland, marsh and clustered buildings, was being used by the Mahdi army to conduct the mortar and rocket attacks on both the airport and the palace. More than 300 rockets hit the airport in the two months between June and August. Sniper attacks were also a deadly and common occurrence for British soldiers as well as IED attacks on patrols that were going out of the bases. The IED attacks and organised ambushes also hit convoys from the airport that were transporting needed food, fuel, ammunition and other equipment for the palace. Convoys were primarily used for this task because helicopters couldn't be used because of the high risk of being shot down.[3][4]
The Retreat[]
On September 3, under the cover of darkness and without any media attention, the British withdrew their troops from Basra Palace to the airport, leaving their last foothold they had in the city. Basra was left to the militias.[5]
Aftermath[]
Following the withdrawal the UK was heavily criticized for pulling back from the city, mostly by the U.S. military.[6] Formally the cities control was handed over to Iraqi security forces, but the control of the city was in the hands of radical militias[citation needed]. They led a turf war in the coming months over control of the city and up to 100 people, mostly civilians, were being reported killed each month. A black market monopoly formed over the oil exports from the city.
At the end of March 2008, the situation in the city led to an Iraqi troop surge into the city and the 2008 Battle of Basra.
See also[]
- Battle of Amarah
- Battle of Diwaniya
- Iraq War
- Iraqi insurgency
- List of United Kingdom Military installations used during Operation Telic
References[]
- ↑ Cochrane Marisa "The Battle for Basra", page 4 - Institute for the Study of War
- ↑ http://icasualties.org/Iraq/Fatalities.aspx
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Under siege - Times Online[dead link]
- ↑ Death in Basra: the British under siege - Times Online[dead link]
- ↑ British withdraw from Basra - PBS Newshour
- ↑ Senior US military Say British Suffered Defeat in Basra[dead link]
External links[]
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