SS Zealandia (1910)

For other uses, see Zealandia (disambiguation).

SS Zealandia (1910)
Zealandia off Port Davey, Tasmania in 1933. (Photograph by Henry Allport.)
Career (Australia)
Name:	SS Zealandia
Owner:	Huddart Parker
Builder:	John Brown Clydebank
Yard number:	392
Launched:	20 November 1909
In service:	1910
Out of service:	1942
Fate:	Sunk in air raids on Darwin, 19 February 1942
General characteristics
Tonnage:	6,683 ton multi-decked single-funnelled Clydebuilt database
Length:	410.4 feet
Beam:	54.8 feet
Propulsion:	single-funnel, steam, quadruple expansion, twin screw
Speed:	15 knots
Capacity:	800 troops and 1,800 tons of supplies (typical, as troopship)
Crew:	144

SS Zealandia, nicknamed Z (or "Zed") was a historically significant Australian cargo and passenger ship. It served as a troopship in both World War I and World War II. Zealandia transported the ill-fated Australian 8th Division. Its crew were the last Allied personnel to see HMAS Sydney, which was lost with all hands in 1941. Zealandia was sunk in the air raids on Darwin of 19 February 1942.

A 6,683 ton multi-decked single-funnelled vessel, Zealandia was built at Clydebank, Scotland and entered service in 1910. It was owned by the Melbourne-based Huddart Parker line. During 1910-13, it was chartered by the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, mainly for use on the trans-Tasman route, but also undertaking voyages to ports as distant as Fremantle and Vancouver. Huddart Parker then used Zealandia on the Melbourne-Fremantle route.

World War I

In May 1918, the Zealandia was requisitioned as an Allied troopship and it was among the ships used to transport the American Expeditionary Force from the east coast of the U.S. to France. Following the Armistice, it was used a troopship on the Liverpool-Sydney route. In 1919, it resumed its commercial role with Huddart Parker.

World War II

On 29 June 1940, Zealandia embarked part of the 8th Division, the 2/21st Battalion, later known as Gull Force, at Sydney and transported it and other units to Darwin.

Zealandia transported another part of the 8th Division, Lark Force (otherwise known as the 2/22nd Battalion), to Rabaul, leaving Sydney on 19 April 1941. Following that voyage, Zealandia went to Noumea, New Caledonia and transported Free French troops to Sydney.

In mid-1941, Zealandia transported the main body of the 8th Division, their stores and equipment to Singapore (where the main body of the 8th was surrendered to Japanese forces in February 1942).

Following several other war-related voyages, in November 1941, Zealandia visited several Australian ports, en route to Singapore. A labour dispute involving some crew members caused it and HMAS Sydney to be delayed in leaving Fremantle, from where Zealandia was escorted to Sunda Strait by Sydney. As it happened, the crew of Zealandia were the last Allied personnel known to have seen the Sydney, which was sunk and lost with all hands in an action on 19 November, by the German raider Kormoran.

Zealandia also took another 8th Division detachment, Sparrow Force, to Timor departing Darwin with 957 troops the morning of 10 December 1941 escorted by HMAS Westralia with another 445 troops that reached Koepang on 12 December. On 20 December the ship departed Darwin with 207 women and 357 children as the first of several ships to evacuate civilians from Darwin to southern Australia.

In Sydney, the ship was fitted with material to protect its oil tanks in the event of attack. On 23 January, Zealandia left Sydney, transporting an anti-tank company and its equipment to Darwin, where it arrived on 6 February.

Sinking

Main article: Bombing of Darwin

During the air raids of 19 February, a number of bombs fell close to Zealandia, before one fell through a hatch and exploded in a hold, causing a serious fire. Japanese planes also attacked Zealandia with their cannons and machine guns. Ammunition in one hold started to explode and the ship's fire pumps were disabled by another bomb. The order was given to abandon ship.

Zealandia went to the bottom of the harbour, with only its masts clear of the water. Two crew members died from wounds sustained in the attack. The remaining 142 crew members survived.

The ship was salvaged in 1960. What remains of Zealandia lies in Darwin Harbour at position 12°29.00′S 130°51.05′E at a depth of 19 metres (62 ft), and is a dive site

References

Sources

• Laxon, William A. Huddart Parker: A famous Australasian Shipping company, 1876-1961. Caulfield South: Nautical Association of Australia, 2008.
• Marcus, Alex. "DEMS? What's DEMS?' : the story of the men of the Royal Australian Navy who manned defensively equipped merchant ships during World War II. Brisbane : Boolarong, 1986.
• McCarthy, Sophie. World War II shipwrecks and the first Japanese air raid on Darwin, 19 February 1942. Darwin : Northern Territory Museum of Arts & Sciences, 1992
• Smith, Neil C. With the red duster : Gardenvale, Vic. : Mostly Unsung Military History Research and Publications, c 2006.
• War service of the Merchant Navy : a record of the participation of the men and ships of Huddart Parker Ltd. / with a foreword by Admiral Lord Mountevans. Melbourne : [Huddart Parker Ltd.], 1951.

External links

• "Log Book of the Zealandia from National Archives of Australia"
• merchant-navy-ships.com, "SS Zealandia"
• ozatwar.com, "Sinking of the ship "Zealandia" in Darwin Harbour on 19 February 1942 during a Japanese Air Attack on Darwin"