Military Wiki
in: Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters, Articles with incorrect citation syntax, All articles with unsourced statements,
and 26 more

Russian emigration following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Sign in to edit


  • Prelude

Attacks on civilians

Kyiv offensive

Eastern Ukraine offensive

Northeastern Ukraine offensive

Southern Ukraine offensive

Attacks on airbases and installations

Attacks on civilians

Kyiv offensive
Eastern Ukraine offensive
Northeastern Ukraine offensive
Southern Ukraine offensive
Western Ukraine airstrikes
Naval war
Spillover in Russia


Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine that started in late February 2022, more than 300,000 Russian citizens and residents are estimated to have left Russia by mid-March 2022, at least 500,000 by the end of August 2022,[not verified in body] and an additional 400,000[1] by early October, for a total of approximately 900,000. This number includes economic migrants, conscientious objectors, and some political refugees.[2][3][4][5][6]

Reasons for exodus[]

Further information: Russian 2022 war censorship laws, Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and 2022 Russian mobilization
Protest of Russians in the Czech Republic against the war in Ukraine

Protest of Russian living in the Czech Republic against the war in Ukraine. People fleeing Russia are mostly young and educated.[7] Protesters in the photo are flying the White-blue-white flag.

There have been at least three waves of Russian emigration.[8]

First wave[]

In the first wave, immediately after Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, journalists, politicians, and tech workers fled. Many sought to evade criminal prosecution for exercising free speech regarding the invasion. In March, President Vladimir Putin introduced prison sentences of up to 15 years for publishing "fake news" about Russian military operations.[9] More than 2,000 people were charged by May 2022 under the laws prohibiting "fake" information about the military.[10] Nina Belyayeva, a Communist Party deputy in the Voronezh Oblast Legislative Assembly, stated that she fled Russia due to threats of criminal prosecution and imprisonment for having spoken against the invasion, saying, "I realized that it was better to leave now. Once a criminal case is opened, it could be too late."[11] Journalist Boris Grozovski stated that "We are refugees. Personally, I was wanted by the police in Russia for distributing anti-war petitions... We ran not from bullets, bombs and missiles, but from prison. If I wrote what I write now while in Russia, I would inevitably go to prison for 15–20 years."[12] Actress Chulpan Khamatova stayed in exile in Latvia after she signed a petition against the war in Ukraine. She stated: "it was made clear to me it would be undesirable for me to go back," adding "I know I am not a traitor. I love my motherland very much."[13] Bolshoi Ballet dancer Olga Smirnova left Russia to continue her career in the Netherlands in protest of the war.[14] As for tech workers, for many it was made clear that they would have to leave Russia as a condition of employment; in any case, many tech workers can work remotely. According to a Russian IT industry trade group, approximately 50,000-70,000 IT workers fled in the invasion's first month.[8]

Among the Russians who left Russia after the invasion of Ukraine were pop legend Alla Pugacheva and comedian Maxim Galkin,[15] television journalist Alexander Nevzorov, diplomat Boris Bondarev, politician and economist Anatoly Chubais, businessman Oleg Tinkov, rapper Oxxxymiron,[16] activist Diana Isakova,[17] and theater director Dmitry Krymov.[18]

As of December 2022, more than 4,000 people were prosecuted under "fake news" laws in connection with the war in Ukraine.[19] Russian journalist Maria Ponomarenko was sentenced to six years in prison for publishing information about the Mariupol theatre airstrike.[20] At least 1,000 Russian journalists have fled Russia since February 2022.[21]

Second wave[]

A second wave became apparent by July 2022, and this wave consisted more generally of middle and upper class people and parents who had required longer to prepare to emigrate, for example; people with businesses or people who had to wait for their children's school year to end.[8]

In June, it was expected that around 15,000 millionaires would leave Russia in 2022.[22][dated info]

Third wave[]

Following Putin's announcement of partial mobilization on 21 September 2022, a third wave of Russian emigration began,[23] with estimates of hundreds of thousands of male citizens fleeing.[24] In the first week after the announcement, 98,000 Russians fled to Kazakhstan.[25] On 24 September alone over 8,500 Russians entered Finland by land, a 62% increase on the previous Saturday.[26] On the following day, it was reported that "On the border with Georgia, queues of Russian cars stretch back more than 30 kilometres (19 mi),"[27] while at checkpoints bordering the regions of Kostanay and Western Kazakhstan, "footage of cars queuing to leave Russia show lines that stretch as far as the eye can see."[28]

In this third wave alone, nearly 300,000 Russian citizens had left Russia before 27 September,[29] with that number approaching 400,000 by 4 October.[1][30] An upper estimate is for 700,000 Russians to have fled conscription since it was announced.[31] Many went to Kazakhstan, Serbia,[32] Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Georgia, and Finland.[33]

Putin signed a decree introducing prison terms of up to 15 years for wartime acts, including voluntary surrender and desertion during mobilization or war.[34][35]

Actor Artur Smolyaninov fled Russia in October 2022.[36] He was charged for "discrediting" the military under the "fake news" laws, for making anti-war statements after he had left Russia.[37]

Destinations[]

Among the destinations chosen by Russian nationals are Turkey, with more than 100,000 Russians seeking residence,[38] many using Turkish Airlines to fly to Antalya.[39] Georgia and Armenia also received large numbers.[40][41][42][43] By early April, an estimated 100,000 Russians had fled to Georgia and 50,000[44] went to Armenia.[45] In 2022, 104,000 Russian citizens have registered their stay in Serbia.[46]

In Latin America, Argentina received by January 2023 more than 5,000 pregnant Russian women,[47] who chose to have their children there, due to the ease of obtaining visa, the automatic obtaining of nationality for the newborn and free healthcare.[48]

Other major destinations include Azerbaijan, the United Arab Emirates, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania,[49] Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Spain, Israel, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Latin American countries, the Baltic states, Canada and the United States.[50][6]

As the majority of European countries closed their airspace to Russian flights following the invasion, Russians seeking to leave the country have often had to take detours through the Caucasus or have had to find overland routes. On 25 March 2022, the high-speed railway between Saint Petersburg and Helsinki was suspended by Finnish state railway operator VR, closing the last direct train route between Russia and the European Union.[51] The route had previously been a significant passage out of Russia for Russian citizens, particularly those who already had work or residence connections to Finland and the rest of Europe, as a valid visa and EU-recognised COVID-19 vaccine certification was required by the Russian government for passengers.[52][53]

Several EU countries, such as Latvia and the Czech Republic, have suspended granting visas to Russian citizens, complicating their exit from Russia.[54] Some countries have allowed temporary stays without a visa. Turkey, for example, has allowed Russian citizens without visas to stay for up to two months.[43] However, Finland, Poland and the Baltic countries of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia announced they will not offer refuge to Russians fleeing mobilization.[29] In contrast, Germany offered asylum to Russian oppositionists and conscripts who did not want to go to war with Ukraine.[55]

Two Russian nationals claimed asylum in the United States after sailing in a small boat to Alaska.[56]

At least five yachts carrying Russian nationals have attempted to enter a number of South Korean ports, but only two Russian passengers were allowed entry.[57][58]

Most hotel rooms and Airbnbs in Kazakhstan were sold out to Russian immigrants within days.[59]

Difficulties faced by emigrants[]

Amnesty International noted that many Russian political emigrants, who entered the European Union on Schengen visas, become illegal immigrants after 90 days because they do not want to submit an applications for asylum due to impossibility to continue their activities as journalists, human rights activists, etc., in such case. In addition, many Russian oppositionists and representatives of civil society, who are in Russia or who had migrated to other non-safe countries from Russia (for example, to CIS-countries), do not have Schengen visas and have difficulties in obtaining them. In this regard, on 25 May 2022, Amnesty International encouraged the Cabinet of Germany to expand the programme of humanitarian admission (German language: humanitäre Aufnahmeprogramme) on Russians persecuted by Putin's regime. This programme should include humanitarian visas issuance and granting of temporary residence and work permits.[60] According to the EU directive from 2022, member states should not accept visa applications from Russians in a third country.[61]

Impact[]

Those who have fled tend to be young and well-educated professionals, leading some economists to suggest that the Russian brain drain is worsening.[62] More than 50,000 Russian information technology specialists have left Russia.[63]

Reactions[]

Georgia[]

Since the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, approximately 200,000 Russian citizens entered Georgia from Russia, of which 60,000 had remained in the country while others had crossed into Turkey and Armenia. The peak of migration came at the period of mobilization in Russia.[64]

The migration has reportedly helped the Georgian economy to grow faster and the Georgian lari to steadily get stronger.[65] However, the arrival of Russians has also reportedly made real estate prices skyrocket in Tbilisi; in November 2022, average real estate prices were 210% higher than 1 year prior. An important factor in this is that Russian migrants, often wealthy, are ready to pay much higher sums than Georgians for apartments. This has rendered rent unaffordable for some Georgian locals, exacerbating pre-existing tensions between Russians and Georgians[66][67] caused by the recent Russo-Georgian War and the fact that 20% of Georgian territory is occupied by Russia.[68][69]

Other causes of tension are cases of Russian migrants behaving aggressively, demanding to be served in Russian, to be allowed to pay in Russian rubles.[70] Screenshots of alleged Russian users (from a large Telegram group of people crossing the Russo-Georgian border) complaining they were not allowed entry into Georgia because of Z signs on their cars went viral on the Georgian and Ukrainian internet.[70]

In October 2022, small-scale protests were held demanding the introduction of a visa regime with Russia, with the ruling Georgian Dream party dismissing such a step as "irrational".[71]

The FSB has sent agents to infiltrate Georgia amidst the immigration wave. Once exposed, the news "barely makes a ripple" in Georgia's media.[72] Russian exiles in Georgia may be tried in absentia by courts in Russia for attending anti-war rallies. The activities of anti-war Russians abroad are monitored by Russia's Centre for Combating Extremism.[73] Some Russian exiles in Georgia supported the Georgian pro-democracy opposition and participated in the 2023 Georgian protests.[74]

Serbia[]

Russians can travel to Serbia without a visa. Due to the historical and cultural proximity of Serbia and Russia, Russian emigrants are generally welcome in Serbia, but there have been clashes between pro-Putin Serbian nationalists and anti-war Russian migrants. According to data from the Serbian Ministry of Interior from early 2023, more than 200,000 Russians had traveled to Serbia since February 2022.[75][76]

Israel[]

Despite expecting mostly Jewish refugees from Ukraine, Israel has seen more arrivals from Russia.[77] While Israel relaxed the "Law of Return" for Ukrainian emigrants, it did not extend that measure to Russian emigrants, who have instead obtained tourist visas while starting the citizenship application process.[78]

Kazakhstan[]

Kazakhstani president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said that Kazakhstan would help fleeing Russians, saying that "most of them are forced to leave because of the current hopeless situation."[79]

In December 2022, Kazakhstan reportedly deported a Russian citizen, a former presidential guard, who fled mobilization;[80] Kazakhstan denied his asylum claim in late November while human rights activists have said that the country's law on refugees allows him to stay in Kazakhstan while his lawyers appeal.[81] In January 2023, Kazakhstan announced they were tightening visa rules, a move that is expected to make it more difficult for Russians to remain in the country.[82][83] Kazakhstan said it would extradite Russians wanted for evading mobilization.[84]

Russia[]

On 16 March, President Vladimir Putin issued a warning to Russian "traitors", claiming that the West "wanted to use them as a fifth column" and that Russians would always be able to "distinguish the true patriots from the scum and the traitors".[85][86] While some experts said Putin's ire was directed toward what he perceived to be wavering loyalty among Russian elites, and in particular, Russian oligarchs, statements from Kremlin officials have also broadly labeled those who fled as "traitors", as spokesman Dmitry Peskov affirmed the following day to Reuters:

"In such difficult times…Many people show their true colors…They vanish from our lives themselves. Some people are leaving their posts. Some are leaving their active work life. Some leave the country and move to other countries. That is how this cleansing happens."[87][88]

On 4 November 2022, Dmitry Medvedev, the deputy secretary of Russia's Security Council, called the Russians who fled Russia after the invasion "cowardly traitors" and said that Russia was "stronger and cleaner" without them.[89] On 28 December 2022, he said that Russians who fled Russia after the invasion of Ukraine and are opposed to the war should be labeled "enemies of society" and barred from returning to Russia.[90] Medvedev called for the use of death squads against politically active Russian exiles.[91]

In January 2023, Russian lawmaker Yevgeny Popov proposed canceling the passports of Russians who fled abroad after Russia invaded Ukraine. Vyacheslav Volodin, speaker of the State Duma, called the anti-war Russians in exile "scoundrels" and wanted the confiscation of their properties in Russia.[92]

Ukraine[]

On 23 March, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy called on Russians to emigrate from Russia so as not to finance the war in Ukraine with their taxes.[93] However, by August, he had called on Western countries to ban all Russian citizens from entering, including those opposed to the war, stating that Russians should "live in their own world until they change their philosophy".[94]

United States[]

While the United States has received Russian applications for asylum since the start of the invasion, it has warned against the increased trend of unauthorized entry: in one example, a maritime incursion by Russian nationals on a charter boat in Key West, Florida was initially characterized by the Department of Homeland Security as a "national security event", with the intercepted migrants subsequently scheduled to be deported.[95]

On 27 September 2022, White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre encouraged Russian men fleeing their home country to avoid being drafted to apply for asylum in the United States.[96]

See also[]

  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • White-blue-white flag – flag used by Russian nationals, especially those living abroad, who oppose the war
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link
  • Template:Annotated link

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 van Brugen, Isabel (2022-10-04). "Putin's Mobilization Backfires as 370,000 Flee Russia in Two Weeks" (in en-US). Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/putin-mobilization-backfires-russians-flee-kazakhstan-georgia-eu-1748771. Retrieved 2022-10-04. 
  2. ↑ Kantchev, Georgi; Gershkovich, Evan; Chernova, Yuliya (April 10, 2022). "Fleeing Putin, Thousands of Educated Russians Are Moving Abroad". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/fleeing-putin-thousands-of-educated-russians-are-moving-abroad-11649583003. 
  3. ↑ Demytrie, Rayhan (March 13, 2022). "Russia faces brain drain as thousands flee abroad". BBC News. Tbilisi, Georgia. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60697763. 
  4. ↑ Bershidsky, Leonid (15 March 2022). "Russia's Brain Drain Becomes a Stampede for the Exits". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-16/russia-emigration-up-after-putin-s-ukraine-invasion. 
  5. ↑ Bacchi, Umberto; Davydova, Angelina (2022-04-04). "FEATURE-Russia's war migrants find mixed reception in Georgia". Reuters. https://jp.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-migrants-idUSL5N2VW3MK. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Boutsko, Anastassia (5 April 2022). "Who are the Russians leaving their country?". Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-the-russians-leaving-their-country/a-61364390. 
  7. ↑ Lau, Yvonne (20 August 2022). "'We realized that there's no way we can return': Russia's best and brightest are leaving the country in record numbers. 6 young Russians explain why they left". Fortune. https://fortune.com/2022/08/20/russia-brain-drain-young-russians-leaving-after-ukraine-war-putin/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Gilchrist, Karen (14 July 2022). "A second wave of Russians is fleeing Putin's regime" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/14/russians-flee-putins-regime-after-ukraine-war-in-second-wave-of-migration.html. 
  9. ↑ Mellor, Sophie (11 March 2022). "Even Russia's Kremlin-backed media is going off message and beginning to question Putin's war on Ukraine". Fortune. https://fortune.com/2022/03/11/russia-kremlin-backed-media-off-message-question-putin-war-ukraine-invasion/. 
  10. ↑ Zitser, Joshua (May 22, 2022). "Video shows defiant Russian audience chanting 'fuck the war' at St Petersburg concert" (in en-US). https://www.businessinsider.com/video-russians-defy-putin-chant-fuck-war-st-petersburg-concert-2022-5. 
  11. ↑ "'If I Didn't Speak Out, I Wouldn't Be a True Christian'". The Moscow Times. 8 April 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/08/if-i-didnt-speak-out-i-wouldnt-be-a-true-christian-a77280. 
  12. ↑ "'We are refugees': Russians flee rising authoritarianism". Al Jazeera. 8 March 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/8/we-are-refugees-russians-flee-rising-authoritarianism. 
  13. ↑ "Russian Actress Chulpan Khamatova In Exile Following Criticism Of Ukraine War". 21 March 2022. https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-actress-khamatova-exile-latvia/31763722.html. 
  14. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). Svoboda radio. 17 March 2022. https://www.svoboda.org/a/prima-balerina-oljga-smirnova-pokinula-boljshoy-teatr-iz-za-voyny/31757622.html. 
  15. ↑ Partan, Olga (29 September 2022). "Why it's such a big deal that Alla Pugacheva, 'the tsarina of Russian pop,' came out against the war in Ukraine". The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/why-its-such-a-big-deal-that-alla-pugacheva-the-tsarina-of-russian-pop-came-out-against-the-war-in-ukraine-191110. 
  16. ↑ "Russian prosecutor asks court to declare anti-war rapper's work 'extremist' - media". Reuters. 30 August 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/russian-prosecutor-asks-court-declare-anti-war-rappers-work-extremist-media-2022-08-30/. 
  17. ↑ "Senator Isakov publicly disowns daughter who spoke out against war". The Insider. 2022-08-19. https://theins.ru/en/news/254258. 
  18. ↑ Zinman, Toby (2022-04-22). "Home Is Gone: Dmitry Krymov's 'Cherry Orchard' at the Wilma" (in en). The American Theatre. https://www.americantheatre.org/2022/04/18/home-is-gone-dmitry-krymovs-cherry-orchard-at-the-wilma/. 
  19. ↑ Weir, Fred (5 December 2022). "In Russia, critiquing the Ukraine war could land you in prison". Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/1205/In-Russia-critiquing-the-Ukraine-war-could-land-you-in-prison. 
  20. ↑ "Russia Jails Anti-War Journalist 6 Years for 'Fake News'". The Moscow Times. 15 February 2023. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/02/15/russia-jails-anti-war-journalist-6-years-for-fake-news-a80230. 
  21. ↑ "1K Journalists Have Fled Russia Since Ukraine Invasion – Report". The Moscow Times. 3 February 2023. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/02/03/1k-journalists-have-fled-russia-since-ukraine-invasion-report-a80135. 
  22. ↑ Cooban, Anna (14 June 2022). "Russia is 'hemorrhaging' millionaires". https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/14/business/russia-millionaire-exodus/index.html. 
  23. ↑ Pavlova, Uliana; Lister, Tim (21 September 2022). "Sharp rise in demand for flights – and in fares – out of Moscow after Putin announces 'partial mobilization'". CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/flights-out-of-moscow-russia-putin-intl/index.html. 
  24. ↑ Ridgwell, Henry (23 September 2022). "Thousands of Russians Flee Military Mobilization as Anti-War Protests Erupt" (in en). https://www.voanews.com/a/thousands-of-russians-flee-military-mobilization-as-anti-war-protests-erupt/6760669.html. 
  25. ↑ "98,000 Russians fled to Kazakhstan amid Putin's mobilization announcement" (in en-US). PBS NewsHour. PBS. 2022-09-27. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/98000-russians-fled-to-kazakhstan-amid-putins-mobilization-announcement. Retrieved 2022-09-27. 
  26. ↑ McCarthy, Simone; Krebs, Katharina; Gigova, Radina (2022-09-25). "Protests, drafting mistakes and an exodus: Putin's mobilization off to chaotic start" (in en). https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/25/europe/russian-mobilization-putin-exodus-chaos-new-laws-intl-hnk/index.html. 
  27. ↑ Murphy, Matt (25 September 2022). "Ukraine war: Hundreds arrested as Russian draft protests continue". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63021118. 
  28. ↑ Moldabekov, Daniyar (September 23, 2022). "Kazakhstan: Russians crush in to escape mobilization". https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-russians-crush-in-to-escape-mobilization. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Brown, Chris (27 September 2022). "As masses flee Russia to avoid conscription, European neighbours grapple with whether to let them in". CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russia-draft-flee-border-1.6597416. 
  30. ↑ Gizitdinov, Nariman; Bedwell, Helena (4 October 2022). "More Russians Flee Than Join Putin's Army After War Call-Up". Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-04/more-russians-flee-than-join-putin-s-army-after-call-up-for-war. 
  31. ↑ "Factbox: Where have Russians been fleeing to since mobilisation began?" (in en). Reuters. 2022-10-06. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/where-have-russians-been-fleeing-since-mobilisation-began-2022-10-06/. 
  32. ↑ Standish, Reid (28 September 2022). "Belgrade's Russian Emigres Grapple With New Lives In Serbia". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-emigres-belgrade-ukraine-war/32056264.html. 
  33. ↑ Litvinova, Dasha (2022-09-27). "Over 194,000 Russians flee call-up to neighboring countries". https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-estonia-kazakhstan-d851fdd9e99bedbf4e01b98efd18d14b. 
  34. ↑ "Russian Lawmakers Approve Long Jail Terms for Military Surrender, Refusal to Serve". The Moscow Times. 20 September 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/20/russian-lawmakers-approve-long-jail-terms-for-military-surrender-refusal-to-serve-a78843. 
  35. ↑ "Russia stiffens penalty for desertion; replaces top general". Al Jazeera. 24 September 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/24/putin-toughens-penalty-for-surrender-refusal-to-fight-in-ukraine. 
  36. ↑ "State Duma deputy promises to have actor Artur Smolyaninov investigated". Meduza. 8 January 2023. https://meduza.io/en/news/2023/01/08/state-duma-deputy-promises-to-have-actor-artur-smolyaninov-investigated. 
  37. ↑ "На актера Артура Смольянинова составили протокол о «дискредитации» армии. Недавно он дал интервью «Медузе»" (in ru). https://meduza.io/news/2022/10/17/na-aktera-artura-smolyaninova-sostavili-protokol-o-diskreditatsii-armii-nedavno-on-dal-intervyu-meduze. 
  38. ↑ Spicer, Jonathan (16 April 2022). "Ukraine working with Turkey, understands parallel ties to Russia, Ukrainian diplomat says" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-working-with-turkey-understands-parallel-ties-russia-ukrainian-diplomat-2022-04-16/. "The diplomat cited data showing more than 100,000 Russians had arrived in Turkey and sought residence documents since the war began" 
  39. ↑ Petchenik, Ian (22 September 2022). "Where are flights leaving Russia going?". https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/where-are-flights-leaving-russia-going/. 
  40. ↑ "Putin's warning to anti-war Russians evokes Stalinist purges". NPR. March 17, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/17/1087287150/putins-warning-to-anti-war-russians-evokes-stalinist-purges. 
  41. ↑ Plantan, Elizabeth; Henry, Laura A. (2022-03-31). "Putin called fleeing Russians 'traitors.' Who's actually leaving?". ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/31/russian-activists-exile-putin-protests/. 
  42. ↑ Najibullah, Farangis (2022-03-14). "Fearing Fallout From Putin's War, Russians Flee Abroad". https://www.rferl.org/a/russians-flee-fearing-war-fallout/31752961.html. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Gessen, Masha (March 17, 2022). "The Russians Fleeing Putin's Wartime Crackdown". https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/03/28/the-russians-fleeing-putins-wartime-crackdown. 
  44. ↑ "Minister: Some 50,000 people relocate to Armenia". 7 April 2022. http://arka.am/en/news/business/minister_some_50_000_people_relocate_to_armenia_/. 
  45. ↑ Gavin, Gabriel (25 March 2022). "Is Putin's war spreading?". The Spectator. https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/putin-s-war-risks-spreading. 
  46. ↑ Vukadinović, Dejana (2022-11-09). "Novi đaci iz Rusije i Ukrajine u srpskim školama: Privremeni dom za jedne, novi život za druge" (in sr-latn). https://www.bbc.com/serbian/lat/srbija-62672074. 
  47. ↑ "'Why I, a Russian, went to Argentina to give birth'" (in en-GB). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-latin-america-64722803. 
  48. ↑ Genoux, Flora (18 February 2023). "In Argentina, the Russian baby 'boom' is worrying the government". https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/02/18/in-argentina-the-russian-baby-boom-is-worrying-the-government_6016383_4.html. 
  49. ↑ "Cetățeni ruși intră în România cu acte de refugiați ucraineni - România Liberă". 10 July 2022. https://romanialibera.ro/investigatii-romania-libera/incognito/cetateni-rusi-intra-in-romania-cu-acte-de-refugiati-ucraineni/. 
  50. ↑ "'We had no choice': over 8,000 Russians seek US refuge in six-month period". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/mar/14/russia-us-asylum-mexico-border. 
  51. ↑ "End of the line in Finland for last direct EU-Russia train link Access to the comments". Euronews. 28 March 2022. https://www.euronews.com/2022/03/25/finland-to-stop-eu-s-last-direct-train-link-with-russia. 
  52. ↑ "Russians pack trains into Finland as sanctions bite". France24. 4 March 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220304-russians-pack-trains-into-finland-as-sanctions-bite. 
  53. ↑ "Russians take trains to Finland, one of few remaining escape routes". Yle. 4 March 2022. https://yle.fi/news/3-12343658. 
  54. ↑ "'Scared to stay': Why some rushed to leave Russia after war". Al Jazeera. 5 March 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/scared-to-stay-why-some-rushed-to-leave-russia-after-war. 
  55. ↑ "Germany signals willingness to take in Russians fleeing Ukraine war conscription". Deutsche Welle. 22 September 2022. https://www.dw.com/en/germany-signals-willingness-to-take-in-russians-fleeing-ukraine-war-conscription/a-63211802. 
  56. ↑ Cabral, Sam (2022-10-06). "Two Russians sail to Alaska seeking asylum in US" (in en-GB). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63160469. 
  57. ↑ Lee, Yeon-woo (2022-10-12). "23 Russian nationals fleeing Putin's draft order on yachts attempt to enter Korea" (in en). https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/10/120_337749.html. 
  58. ↑ Shin, Hyonhee (2022-10-13). "Russians fleeing Putin's call-up sail to S.Korea, most denied entry". In Cameron-Moore, Simon (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/russians-fleeing-putins-call-up-sail-skorea-most-refused-entry-report-2022-10-12/. 
  59. ↑ Stein, Lucia (28 October 2022). "This small nation has been under Putin's thumb for years. Now they may be breaking free". https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-29/vladimir-putin-faces-more-assertive-central-asian-allies/101547014. 
  60. ↑ "Deutschland: Russische und Belarusische Menschenrechtsverteidiger innen brauchen Schutz" (in de). Amnesty International. 25 May 2022. https://www.amnesty.de/informieren/aktuell/deutschland-russische-und-belarusische-menschenrechtsverteidigerinnen-brauchen-schutz. 
  61. ↑ Foltynova, Kristyna (13 October 2022). "Closing Doors: How Europe Is Restricting Russians From Traveling". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-european-union-visas-travel-ukraine-invasion/32080584.html. 
  62. ↑ Boutsko, Anastassia (2022-04-05). "Who are the Russians leaving their country?". https://p.dw.com/p/49TgE. 
  63. ↑ "170K Russian IT Specialists Could Emigrate by April – Industry". The Moscow Times. 22 March 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/22/navalny-sentenced-to-9-more-years-in-prison-a77027. 
  64. ↑ "Economy Minister says "no threat" from Russian capital in 1% of businesses in country". Agenda.ge. 30 December 2022. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2022/5102. 
  65. ↑ Gilchrist, Karen (2022-11-25). "These economies are booming as Putin's war drives migrants and money out of Russia" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/25/georgia-armenia-turkey-economies-boom-with-russian-wealth-migration.html. 
  66. ↑ "How the war in Ukraine affects the real estate market in Georgia". JAM News. 28 November 2022. https://jam-news.net/how-the-war-in-ukraine-affects-the-real-estate-market-in-georgia/. 
  67. ↑ Jacob, Pearly (22 December 2022). "Russians fleeing Putin's war add new strain to old tensions in nearby Georgia". https://eu.usatoday.com/videos/news/2022/12/22/russians-fleeing-putins-war-add-new-strain-old-tensions-nearby-georgia/10925129002/. 
  68. ↑ Cordell, Jake (10 October 2022). "'I don't want to shoot anybody': war-averse Russians seek sanctuary in Georgia". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/i-dont-want-shoot-anybody-war-averse-russians-seek-sanctuary-georgia-2022-10-10/. 
  69. ↑ Filtenborg, Emil (23 October 2022). "Russian Runaways Vow to Fight Back Against 'Parasite' Putin". The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/russian-exiles-in-georgia-vow-to-fight-back-against-parasite-vladimir-putins-war-in-ukraine. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Parulava, Dato (19 October 2022). "Georgians bristle at the Russian influx". https://www.politico.eu/article/georgia-not-happy-tension-with-russian-influx-ukraine-war/. 
  71. ↑ "222,274 people came to Georgia from Russia in September". JAM News. 20 October 2022. https://jam-news.net/222274-people-came-to-georgia-from-russia-in-september/. 
  72. ↑ Lomsadze, Giorgi (August 8, 2022). "Spy's confession sheds light on Russian espionage in Georgia". https://eurasianet.org/spys-confession-sheds-light-on-russian-espionage-in-georgia. 
  73. ↑ "Russian National Fined for Attending Anti-War Rally in Georgia". The Moscow Times. 31 March 2023. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/03/31/russian-national-fined-for-attending-anti-war-rally-in-georgia-a80677. 
  74. ↑ Popov, Maxime (12 March 2023). "While Some Russian Exiles Join Georgia Protests, Others Keep Away". The Moscow Times. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/03/12/while-some-russian-exiles-join-georgia-protests-others-keep-away-a80455. 
  75. ↑ Ernst, Andreas (21 April 2023). "200,000 Russians have emigrated to Serbia. They are welcome, although often for the wrong reasons; a look at their lives". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. https://www.nzz.ch/english/serbs-welcome-russian-refugees-for-the-wrong-reasons-ld.1734439. 
  76. ↑ "Serbia stalls plan to ease citizenship rules for Russians amid EU backlash". The Financial Times. 11 May 2023. https://www.ft.com/content/62f33a53-05b8-4f3b-b381-5e5f5fad9977. 
  77. ↑ Maltz, Judy (April 7, 2022). "Ukraine War Has Caused a Huge Surge in Aliyah to Israel – from Russia". https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.HIGHLIGHT-ukraine-war-has-caused-a-huge-surge-in-aliyah-to-israel-from-russia-1.10726476. 
  78. ↑ McKernan, Bethan; Kierszenbaum, Quique (2022-10-16). "'It's driven by fear': Ukrainians and Russians with Jewish roots flee to Israel" (in en-GB). The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/16/ukrainians-russians-jews-jewish-roots-flee-israel-aliyah. 
  79. ↑ Putz, Catherine (27 September 2022). "Kazakh President Urges Calm and Care for Russians Fleeing Mobilization". The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/kazakh-president-urges-calm-and-care-for-russians-fleeing-mobilization/. 
  80. ↑ Auyezov, Olzhas (24 March 2023). "Russian officer sentenced to 6.5 years for deserting". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-officer-sentenced-65-years-deserting-amid-war-he-opposed-2023-03-24/. 
  81. ↑ "Kazakhstan Reportedly Returns Former Presidential Guard to Russia". 30 December 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/12/30/kazakhstan-reportedly-returns-former-presidential-guard-to-russia-a79851. 
  82. ↑ Ebel, Francesca (January 17, 2023). "Kazakhstan tightens visa rules, setting limits for Russians fleeing war duty" (in en). https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/01/17/kazakhstan-visas-russia-war-ukraine/. 
  83. ↑ Auyezov, Olzhas (2023-01-17). "Kazakhstan ends unlimited stay for Russians". In Singleton, Sharon (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakhstan-ends-unlimited-stay-russians-2023-01-17/. 
  84. ↑ Najibullah, Farangis (22 January 2023). "Living In Fear Of The Draft, Russian Emigres In Kazakhstan Have No Plans To Go Home". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-russian-emigres-ukraine-war/32234453.html. 
  85. ↑ Trevelyan, Mark; Hudson, Alexandra, eds (16 March 2022). "Putin warns Russia against pro-Western 'traitors' and scum". https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-warns-russia-against-pro-western-traitors-scum-2022-03-16/. 
  86. ↑ Kolotilov, Vasiliy; King, Laura King (April 1, 2022). "Fleeing Putin's Russia: Exiles search for new identity, but find new problems". https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-04-01/russia-putin-exiles-new-problems-find-new-problems. 
  87. ↑ "Kremlin: many people in Russia are behaving like traitors". Reuters. March 17, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kremlin-many-people-russia-are-showing-themselves-be-traitors-2022-03-17/. 
  88. ↑ Smith, Alexander (March 17, 2022). "'Scum and traitors': Under pressure over Ukraine, Putin turns his ire on Russians". https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/scum-traitors-pressure-ukraine-putin-turns-ire-russians-rcna20410. 
  89. ↑ "Russia's Medvedev Rails Against 'Traitors' Who Fled Country". Barron's. 4 November 2022. https://www.barrons.com/news/russia-s-medvedev-rails-against-traitors-who-fled-country-01667551207. 
  90. ↑ "Medvedev Calls for Recent Russian Emigres to Be Banned From Returning". The Moscow Times. 28 December 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/12/28/medvedev-calls-for-recent-russian-emigres-to-be-banned-from-returning-a79824. 
  91. ↑ Soldatov, Andrei (16 January 2023). "How the Kremlin Is Taking Aim at its Russian Critics in Exile". The Moscow Times. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/01/16/how-the-kremlin-is-taking-aim-at-its-russian-critics-in-exile-a79958. 
  92. ↑ "Critical Russian Emigres Should Have Property Seized, Lawmakers Say". The Moscow Times. 13 January 2023. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/01/13/critical-russian-emigres-should-have-property-seized-lawmakers-say-a79939. 
  93. ↑ Baker, Sinéad (24 March 2022). "Zelenskyy told Russian people to leave Russia if they could to deprive Putin of tax money for the war". Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/zelenskyy-russians-who-can-leave-should-stop-giving-taxes-war-2022-3. 
  94. ↑ Khurshudyan, Isabelle (8 August 2022). "Zelensky calls on West to ban all Russian travelers". https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/08/ukraine-zelensky-interview-ban-russian-travelers/. 
  95. ↑ Craig, Tim; Sacchetti, Maria (4 April 2022). "Migrants from Russia are smuggled into Key West by boat, officials say". https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/04/04/russian-migrants-florida-keys/. 
  96. ↑ Holland, Steve; Bose, Nandita (27 September 2022). "White House: U.S. welcomes Russians seeking asylum". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/white-house-us-welcomes-russians-seeking-asylum-2022-09-27/. 
Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War
Overview
General
Prelude
Background
Military
engagements
Southern Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine
Kyiv
Northeastern Ukraine
Attacks on airbases
War crimes
Attacks on civilians
Legal proceedings
Response
States
Pro-Ukraine
Pro-Russia
  • Belarusian involvement
  • Chechen involvement
  • Moscow rally
  • Russian fake news law
    • Mark Bernstein
    • Public
    Protests
    Other
  • Address of the Russian Union of Rectors
  • Boycott of Russia and Belarus
  • IT Army of Ukraine
  • Kastuś Kalinoŭski Battalion
  • peacenotwar malware
  • Roskomnadzor leak
  • Wagner Group
    • United Nations
    Impact
    Effects
    Popular culture
    Key people
    Ukraine Ukrainians
    Russia Russians
    Others
    Related

    Template:Russian diaspora

    All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
    The original article can be found at Russian emigration following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the edit history here.
    Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.