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According to the [[Primary Chronicle]], the first '''Rus'–Byzantine Treaty''' was concluded in 907 as a result of [[Oleg of Novgorod|Oleg]]'s raid against Constantinople (see [[Rus'–Byzantine War (907)]] for details). Scholars generally consider this document as preliminary to the [[Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (911)|Rus'–Byzantine Treaty of 911]]. |
According to the [[Primary Chronicle]], the first '''Rus'–Byzantine Treaty''' was concluded in 907 as a result of [[Oleg of Novgorod|Oleg]]'s raid against Constantinople (see [[Rus'–Byzantine War (907)]] for details). Scholars generally consider this document as preliminary to the [[Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (911)|Rus'–Byzantine Treaty of 911]]. |
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| − | The text of the treaty, as preserved in the Kievan chronicle, opens with a list of signatories on the part of the [[Kievan Rus'|Rus']]. They are all [[Old Norse language|Norse]]: Karl, Farulf, Vermund, Hrollaf, and Steinvith. [[Kievan Rus']] figures in the text as a [[Gardariki|conglomeration of major urban centres]]: Kiev, [[Chernigov]], [[Pereyaslav]], [[Polotsk]], |
+ | The text of the treaty, as preserved in the Kievan chronicle, opens with a list of signatories on the part of the [[Kievan Rus'|Rus']]. They are all [[Old Norse language|Norse]]: Karl, Farulf, Vermund, Hrollaf, and Steinvith. [[Kievan Rus']] figures in the text as a [[Gardariki|conglomeration of major urban centres]]: Kiev, [[Chernigov]], [[Pereyaslav]], [[Polotsk]], Rostov, and [[Lyubech]]. [[Aleksey Shakhmatov]] commented that the list of the towns is arbitrary and that some of them may have been inserted by later scribes. |
Most conspicuously, the treaty regulates the status of the colony of [[Varangians|Varangian]] merchants in Constantinople. The text testifies that they settled in the quarter of [[Saint Mamas]]. The Varangians were to enter Constantinople through a certain gate, without weapons, accompanied by the imperial guard, not more than fifty people at a time. Upon their arrival, they were enregistered by the imperial authorities in order to be supplied with food and monthly alimentation in the space of half a year. |
Most conspicuously, the treaty regulates the status of the colony of [[Varangians|Varangian]] merchants in Constantinople. The text testifies that they settled in the quarter of [[Saint Mamas]]. The Varangians were to enter Constantinople through a certain gate, without weapons, accompanied by the imperial guard, not more than fifty people at a time. Upon their arrival, they were enregistered by the imperial authorities in order to be supplied with food and monthly alimentation in the space of half a year. |
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Revision as of 22:18, 30 July 2014
According to the Primary Chronicle, the first Rus'–Byzantine Treaty was concluded in 907 as a result of Oleg's raid against Constantinople (see Rus'–Byzantine War (907) for details). Scholars generally consider this document as preliminary to the Rus'–Byzantine Treaty of 911.
The text of the treaty, as preserved in the Kievan chronicle, opens with a list of signatories on the part of the Rus'. They are all Norse: Karl, Farulf, Vermund, Hrollaf, and Steinvith. Kievan Rus' figures in the text as a conglomeration of major urban centres: Kiev, Chernigov, Pereyaslav, Polotsk, Rostov, and Lyubech. Aleksey Shakhmatov commented that the list of the towns is arbitrary and that some of them may have been inserted by later scribes.
Most conspicuously, the treaty regulates the status of the colony of Varangian merchants in Constantinople. The text testifies that they settled in the quarter of Saint Mamas. The Varangians were to enter Constantinople through a certain gate, without weapons, accompanied by the imperial guard, not more than fifty people at a time. Upon their arrival, they were enregistered by the imperial authorities in order to be supplied with food and monthly alimentation in the space of half a year.
In the concluding lines of the treaty, the Byzantines kiss the cross, while the Varangians swear by their arms, invoking what the Primary Chronicle calls Perun and Veles (the names are pure Lithuanian words - Perkunas meaning a god of thunder and was the highest god of Lithuanian gods pantheon and Veles is not a god or gods, but spirits or died souls of ancestors (Lith. veles means died souls)).
See also
- Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks
References
- (Russian) Повесть временных лет, ч. 1—2, М.—Л., 1950.
- (Russian) Памятники русского права, в. 1, сост. А. А. Зимин, М., 1952 (библ.).
- (Russian) Fyodor Uspensky. The History of the Byzantine Empire, vol. 2. Moscow: Mysl, 1997.
- Lind, John H (2004). "Varangians in Europe’s Eastern and Northern Periphery". ISSN: 1458-1396. http://www.ennenjanyt.net/4-04/lind.html. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
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The original article can be found at Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907) and the edit history here.