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Roy Earl Parrish

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Roy Earl Parrish
Parrish c. 1916
Member of the West Virginia Senate
for the 12th district

In office
January 1915 – July 22, 1918
Member of the
West Virginia House of Delegates
for Harrison County

In office
January 1913 – January 1915
Personal details
Born (1888-11-24)November 24, 1888
Wallace, West Virginia, U.S.
Died July 22, 1918(1918-07-22) (aged 29)
Noyant-et-Aconin, France
Resting place Oise-Aisne American Cemetery
Political party Republican
Alma mater
  • West Virginia Wesleyan College
  • West Virginia University
Signature
Military service
Allegiance United States
Service/branch United States Army
Years of service 1917–1918
Rank Second Lieutenant
Unit 6th Field Artillery Regiment
Battles/wars World War I

Roy Earl Parrish (November 24, 1888 – July 22, 1918) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the West Virginia Senate from 1915 until his death in 1918. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Harrison, Doddridge, and Lewis counties. Parrish had previously been a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from 1913 until 1915, representing Harrison County. Throughout his tenure, he was the youngest member of the legislature.

While in the legislature, Parrish took many progressive positions, introducing bills establishing workman's compensation and campaign finance reform. He also became one of the principal opponents of Governor Henry D. Hatfield, a fellow Republican, due to the governor's desire to increase taxes on natural gas production. In 1916, Parrish was named chairman of the Harrison County Republican Party and vice president of the West Virginia Republican Party, giving him a prominent role in the 1916 presidential election in the state. Parrish was well-regarded in West Virginia, with one newspaper writing that his "word is as good as legal tender".

Though still a sitting state senator, Parrish joined the United States Army following American entry into World War I in 1917. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 6th Field Artillery Regiment, he was sent to the front in May 1918. On July 22, 1918, Parrish was killed in action near the town of Noyant-et-Aconin.

Early life and education[]

Roy Earl Parrish was born on November 24, 1888, in Wallace, West Virginia.[1][2] He was the third of seven children of Mary Morgan and Thomas Jefferson Parrish, a prominent businessman in Clarksburg.[3][4] Parrish was raised in Harrison County, and attended local public schools.[5] After graduating from West Virginia Wesleyan College with high honors in 1908, he began attending West Virginia University in Morgantown, where he studied law.[3][4] A member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, he graduated in 1910.[6] The same year, Parrish was admitted to the Harrison County bar association, and he was appointed a notary public in the county court.[7][8] As a lawyer, he took part in bankruptcy,[9] real estate,[10] and divorce trials.[11] He was a member of the local Methodist Episcopal Church.[6]

Political career[]

House of Delegates[]

In April 1912, Parrish declared his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates, running as a member of the Republican Party to represent Harrison County, which elected two delegates.[12][13] He won the Republican primary election, receiving 1,734 votes and placing second behind Charles A. Sutton.[14] Campaigning alongside congressional candidate Howard Sutherland, Parrish ran on a platform "independent of all factionalism", and was considered "a loyal Republican and a firm believer in the party's principles" by the Clarksburg Daily Telegram.[4][15] Parrish and Sutton were both elected in the November 1912 election, receiving 4,920 and 4,979 votes, respectively, a margin of around 300 votes over their Democratic Party opponents.[16] Parrish was the youngest member of the West Virginia Legislature.[17]

Among the legislation introduced by Parrish in the 1913 legislative session was House Resolution 17, which proposed the reapportionment of the West Virginia Senate from fifteen two-member constituencies to one senator per county, which would have expanded the senate from 30 to 55 members.[18] A progressive, he also introduced a primary election bill, which created popular primary elections for all political offices ranging from U.S. senator to county committeemen and a preferential preference primary for president and vice president, and helped draft a successful workman's compensation law. Additionally, he backed legislation which established a public services commission, granted women's suffrage, and improved West Virginia's road network.[5][7]

During the same session, Parrish nominated Judge Nathan Goff Jr. for the United States Senate, and was one of his primary supporters in the legislature.[7][17] Later in 1913, Parrish was the campaign chairman for state senator Julian G. Hearne's campaign for the U.S. House of Representatives in that year's special election for the 1st congressional district. Though Hearne was defeated by the Democratic nominee, the campaign was still considered a success by the Republican Party due to Hearne outperforming the Progressive Party, which had placed second in the district in the 1912 United States presidential election.[19][20]

State Senate[]

In 1914, Parrish announced his candidacy for the West Virginia Senate, running in the 12th senatorial district, which consisted of Harrison, Lewis, and Doddridge counties.[21][22] With an endorsement from the Lewis County Republican Party, he won the Republican nomination at the party convention.[23][24] He was also selected as one of Harrison County's delegates to the West Virginia Republican Party convention.[25] Parrish's state senate campaign "solicit[ed] the support of all the voters, whether they be Republican, Progressive, Democrat, or Socialist", and was supported by former U.S. representative Joseph H. Gaines.[7][26] He was ultimately elected in the heavily Republican district, winning all three counties and receiving a majority of 1,100 votes, the largest majority of any candidate for the state senate since 1904.[5][27] At the time of his election, Parrish was one of the youngest people ever elected to the state senate.[28] The Republican Party held majorities in both chambers of the state legislature after this election.[29]

In the 1915 legislative session, Parrish served on the finance, counties and municipal corporations, public buildings and humane institutions, immigration and agriculture, public printing, public library, and enrolled bills committees.[2] He was also chairman of the redistricting committee; in this role, he led the congressional redistricting process, and successfully pushed a bill which reapportioned the House of Delegates, expanding Harrison County's representation from two delegates to four.[28] He also introduced the successful Corrupt Practices Act, which required mandatory campaign finance reporting.[30][31] Parrish was well-regarded, with the Clarksburg Daily Telegram writing that his "word is as good as legal tender".[32]

During the session, a bill was introduced by Senator R. A. Blessing which proposed moving West Virginia University from Morgantown to Charleston.[33][34] In response, Parrish introduced a joke bill which proposed moving the state capital from Charleston to Clarksburg, and gave a humorous in which he argued that Charleston was "too closely in touch with the customs of the Old Dominion". A parallel resolution was introduced in the House of Delegates by Charles E. Baird, claiming that Charleston had a poor climate and was riddled with smallpox.[33][35] Parrish's effort to mock the university bill was ultimately a success, with both bills being defeated.[34][36]

Later in the 1915 session, a split occurred within the state Republican Party between legislators aligned with the administration of Governor Henry D. Hatfield and those opposed to it over the governor's desire to increase taxes to boost revenue.[37][38] Senator Wells Goodykoontz, a former Democrat-turned-Republican who was the administration's spokesman, introduced a bill which would institute a production tax on natural gas.[39][40] Parrish, whose region of the state was rich in natural gas,[41] led arguments against the bill, claiming it unfairly singled-out the gas industry. As a compromise, Parrish introduced an amendment to the bill which would levy production taxes on coal and oil also, but this was rejected by Goodykoontz.[42]

Tensions erupted on March 12, 1915, with the exchanges of that day being referred to as "the most turbulent scenes that ever marked a day in the West Virginia legislature" by the Bluefield Daily Telegraph. Goodykoontz gave an impassioned speech in which he accused the anti-administration faction of being "driven by the lash of corporate wealth in order to protect those who object to paying their equitable share of taxes". In response, Parrish accused Goodykoontz of being "a renegade Democrat controlled by the administration machine", while George E. White, another Republican anti-administration senator, stated that Goodykoontz's membership of the Republican Party was comparable to "a flea on a dog". After this, the senate was overwhelmed with senators "demanding recognition" to speak, resulting in the president of the senate having to clear the floor.[43][44]

The April 1915 special session also resulted in no revenue bill being passed, with Parrish and Goodykoontz openly quarreling on the floor of the senate, forcing another special session the following month.[39] During the May session, all anti-administration senators were purposefully excluded from the special committee tasked with reviewing all introduced legislation, allowing Governor Hatfield to force through his preferred revenue package, an omnibus bill (which was derisively referred to as a "jitney bus") which contained tax increases across the board. By the end of the month, Parrish and White had folded to the administration pressure and voted in favor of the bill.[45][46][47]

Despite being the youngest member of the senate, Parrish had become a prominent leader in state Republican politics by 1916.[48][49] That year, he became the chairman of the Harrison County Republican Party and was the first vice president of the West Virginia Republican Party; in these roles, he managed the 1916 presidential election campaign in Harrison County.[50][51] Though initially supporting former U.S. senator Theodore E. Burton in the Republican presidential primary,[49] by May 1916, he was "strongly in favor" of Charles Evans Hughes, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and the eventual winner of the Republican nomination.[52][note 1] He also supported the unsuccessful candidacy of former governor Albert B. White for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate.[53] In Harrison County, Parrish organized several speeches from national Republican politicians. Among the speakers were former U.S. attorney general George W. Wickersham,[54] U.S. senator Albert B. Cummins,[55][note 2] and U.S. representatives Henry Wilson Temple and Nicholas Longworth.[57] In October 1916, Parrish coordinated a speech by Hughes in Clarksburg, which was attended by thousands of people from across the state.[58] He was also named a member of the Men's Advisory Board of the West Virginia Equal Suffrage Association.[59] Though Hughes ultimately lost the presidential election, he won narrowly in both West Virginia and Harrison County.[60][61]

With Republicans retaining control of the state senate,[62] Parrish declared his candidacy for president of the senate in December 1916.[63][64] His campaign received support from prominent Republicans in the state, primarily due to his "experience in legislative matters" and his role in securing victories for the Republican Party in the 1916 election.[51] He was also endorsed by the Clarksburg Daily Telegram,[51] the Tyler County News,[65] and Republican National Committeeman Virgil L. Highland.[66] However, concerns were raised about his age, with opponents claiming that Parrish was "too young ... to occupy the place of succession to the governorship".[66][note 3] Parrish was defeated by Senator Goodykoontz on the first ballot, losing 8 votes to 11 among Republican senators.[68] During the 1917 session, Parrish introduced legislation proposing the expansion of Clarksburg's city limits, raising the city's population to 30,000.[69] He was a member of the judiciary, education, railroads, militia, public library, and insurance committees, and was chairman of the latter.[1]

Military career and death[]

Parrish in military uniform c

Parrish in military uniform c. 1917

In May 1917, following American entry into World War I, Governor John J. Cornwell called a special session of the legislature.[6][70] However, instead of attending the session, Parrish joined the United States Army, attending Officer Candidate School at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Indiana. On August 15, 1917, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery Branch,[71] and was sent to Camp Sheridan in Alabama the following month. While at Camp Sheridan, Parrish worked as a judge advocate until December 15, when he was given orders to report to New York City for deployment to Europe. Parrish set sail from New York on January 14, arriving in Liverpool three weeks later on February 5. From there, he traveled to France, where he attended an artillery school for three months.[3][6]

After his training, Parrish was sent to the front with the 6th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, where he served as a liaison officer. Parrish was well-regarded in the position, with a superior writing that "his reports have been clear, intelligent, and full of valuable information. They are models of Liaison work and reflect great credit upon Lieutenant Parrish's energy, power of observation and devotion to duty".[3][6] In May 1918, he went over the top during the Battle of Cantigny.[72] On July 18, 1918, Parrish took part in the Battle of Château-Thierry.[3][6] Four days later on July 22,[73] near the town of Noyant-et-Aconin,[74] Parrish was killed when a German high explosive shell directly struck him, blowing him "to pieces".[75][76] He was initially buried in a shell hole north of Missy-aux-Bois, near Berzy-le-Sec. Parrish was later reinterred in the Oise-Aisne American Cemetery, and a cenotaph was constructed for him in the West Virginia National Cemetery.[3][6]

Parrish's military service was praised by Major John C. Bond, the adjutant general of West Virginia, who described him as a "second Roosevelt" and "one of the most fearless men I have ever known".[72] Henry Pinckney McCain, the adjutant general of the U.S. Army, also commended his "heroic sacrifice and patriotism".[77] On January 21, 1919, the West Virginia Senate set aside a full legislative day to hold a memorial session for Parrish,[78] with eight current and former senators from both parties providing eulogies.[79][80] In his eulogy, Fred L. Fox, the Senate Democratic leader, stated that Parrish likely "would have gone to higher places in the state and nation had he lived".[81]

A bronze memorial plaque honoring Parrish was later installed in the West Virginia State Capitol, and he is included on a plaque in the West Virginia Supreme Court building memorializing the West Virginia lawyers who died fighting in World War I.[3][82] On June 3, 1919, Parrish was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for "gallantry in action".[74] The American Legion post in Clarksburg is named after him.[83]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ Parrish's second and third choices were former vice president Charles W. Fairbanks and former Missouri governor Herbert S. Hadley.[52]
  2. ↑ Cummins cancelled due to illness.[56]
  3. ↑ The president of the senate is first in the gubernatorial line of succession.[67]

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Harris, John T. (1918) (in en). West Virginia Blue Book. Charleston: Tribune Printing Company. pp. 422. https://books.google.com/books?id=EjY0AQAAMAAJ&q=%22parrish%22. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "State Senator Roy E. Parrish Dies in Battle". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1918-08-08. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-state-senator/128274662/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "West Virginia Veterans Memorial - Roy Earl Parrish". https://archive.wvculture.org/history/wvmemory/vets/parrishroy/parrishroy.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Roy E. Parrish". The Clarksburg Telegram. 1912-05-02. pp. 5. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-clarksburg-telegram-roy-e-parrish/128304156/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Senator-Elect Roy E. Parrish". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1914-12-21. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-senator-elect/128273295/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 (in en) History of West Virginia. Chicago: American Historical Society. 1922. pp. 109–110. https://books.google.com/books?id=JkatVtZdIKcC&dq=%22roy+earl+parrish%22&pg=PA329. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Roy E. Parrish". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-09-10. pp. 26. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-roy-e-parrish/128277222/. 
  8. ↑ "Term Begins". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1910-09-12. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-term-begins/128276804/. 
  9. ↑ "First Notice to Creditors". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1913-10-23. pp. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-first-notice-to-credi/128272653/. 
  10. ↑ "Commissioner's Sale of Valuable Real Estate". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-12-10. pp. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-commissioners-sale-o/128304239/. 
  11. ↑ "Summons". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-06-08. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-summons/128304505/. 
  12. ↑ "For House of Delegates". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1912-04-19. pp. 10. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-for-house-of-delegate/128275405/. 
  13. ↑ "Republican County Ticket". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1912-06-28. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-republican-county-tic/128275377/. 
  14. ↑ "Knox Winner for Sheriff". The Clarksburg Telegram. 1912-06-06. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-clarksburg-telegram-knox-winner-for/128272338/. 
  15. ↑ "Sutherland". The Clarksburg Telegram. 1912-10-31. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-clarksburg-telegram-sutherland/128273595/. 
  16. ↑ "Personnel of the Legislature". Martinsburg Statesman-Democrat. 1912-11-29. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/martinsburg-statesman-democrat-personnel/128430785/. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Judge Goff is Elected United States Senator". The Fairmont West Virginian. 1913-02-21. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-fairmont-west-virginian-judge-goff-i/128430831/. 
  18. ↑ "House Resolution No. 17". The Raleigh Herald. 1913-02-07. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-raleigh-herald-house-resolution-no/128274998/. 
  19. ↑ "Central Committee". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1913-10-04. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-central-committee/128277807/. 
  20. ↑ "Hearne Swamps Laughlin While Neely is the Winner". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1913-10-15. pp. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-hearne-swamps-laughli/128367269/. 
  21. ↑ "Senator White Won't Run". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-06-19. pp. 22. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-senator-white-wont-r/128303889/. 
  22. ↑ "Roy Parrish". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-07-31. pp. 13. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-roy-parrish/128462199/. 
  23. ↑ "Lewis County is for White and Parrish". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-07-16. pp. 13. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-lewis-county-is-for-w/128277447/. 
  24. ↑ "Republicans Name Candidate". Pittsburgh Daily Post. 1914-08-02. pp. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-daily-post-republicans-name-c/128546212/. 
  25. ↑ "Delegates". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-05-09. pp. 13. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-delegates/128304445/. 
  26. ↑ "Democratic Lies are Nailed by Mr. Gaines in Letter to Mr. Parrish". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1914-10-28. pp. 17. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-democratic-lies-are-n/128275645/. 
  27. ↑ Sullivan, Walter D. (1917-11-18). "So Shy!". The Cincinnati Enquirer. pp. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-so-shy/128599707/. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Make Fine Records". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1915-03-20. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-make-fine-records/128369949/. 
  29. ↑ "The Next Legislature". Shepherdstown Register. 1914-11-19. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/shepherdstown-register-the-next-legislat/128277861/. 
  30. ↑ "Important Measures Pending". The Fairmont West Virginian. 1915-02-08. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-fairmont-west-virginian-important-me/128370070/. 
  31. ↑ "Corrupt Practices". The West Virginian. 1915-01-13. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-west-virginian-corrupt-practices/128430099/. 
  32. ↑ "Parrish Makes Good". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1915-02-27. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-parrish-makes-good/128275060/. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Removal of Capital to Clarksburg City". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1915-02-20. pp. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-removal-of-capital-to/128369898/. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Senator Parrish Settled It". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 1915-02-20. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-senator-parrish/128599654/. 
  35. ↑ Keyser, W. R. (1915-02-20). "Poke Fun at Resolutions". The Wheeling Intelligencer. pp. 13. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-poke-fun-at-r/128370112/. 
  36. ↑ "State University Will Not Be Moved". Hinton Daily News. 1915-02-20. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/hinton-daily-news-state-university-will/128369787/. 
  37. ↑ "Senator Parrish". The Sunday Telegram. 1915-03-07. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sunday-telegram-senator-parrish/128272459/. 
  38. ↑ "Clings to Sinking Ship". West Virginia Argus. 1915-04-15. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/west-virginia-argus-clings-to-sinking-sh/128273386/. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Read, Taxpayer". West Virginia Argus. 1915-04-22. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/west-virginia-argus-read-taxpayer/128370138/. 
  40. ↑ "Special Session of Legislature Adjourned". Hinton Daily News. 1915-03-15. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/hinton-daily-news-special-session-of-leg/128370189/. 
  41. ↑ Keyser, W. R. (1915-03-12). "Sen. Rosenbloom Admits Combine". The Wheeling Intelligencer. pp. 12. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-sen-rosenblo/128370034/. 
  42. ↑ "Slightly in Error". West Virginia Argus. 1915-05-06. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/west-virginia-argus-slightly-in-error/128369934/. 
  43. ↑ Keyser, W. R. (1915-03-13). "Goodykoontz Flays Senators". The Wheeling Intelligencer. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-goodykoontz-f/128370092/. 
  44. ↑ "Turbulent Scenes Mark Session of the State Senate". Bluefield Daily Telegraph. 1915-03-13. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/bluefield-daily-telegraph-turbulent-scen/128370158/. 
  45. ↑ "Few Bills Introduced at Special Session". Hinton Daily News. 1915-05-19. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/hinton-daily-news-few-bills-introduced-a/128370222/. 
  46. ↑ "Governor Now Has the Upper Hand". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1915-05-19. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-governor-now/128370246/. 
  47. ↑ "Gov. Hatfield". The Independent-Herald. 1915-05-27. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-independent-herald-gov-hatfield/128603168/. 
  48. ↑ "Makes a Record". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-12-15. pp. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-makes-a-record/128276444/. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Prominent Politicians Greet Ex-Senator Theo E. Burton". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1916-02-24. pp. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-prominent-pol/128273554/. 
  50. ↑ "Republican Committee". The Beckley Messenger. 1916-03-28. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-messenger-republican-committee/128275761/. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 "Republican Leaders See Parrish as President of the Next Senate". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-12-12. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-republican-leaders-se/128277608/. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "Senator Parrish is a Hughes Man". The Sunday Telegram. 1916-05-07. pp. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sunday-telegram-senator-parrish-is-a/128370047/. 
  53. ↑ "Good Words for Parrish". Charleston Daily Mail. 1915-12-03. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charleston-daily-mail-good-words-for/128274750/. 
  54. ↑ "To Give Wickersham a Great Reception". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-10-23. pp. 15. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-to-give-wickersham-a/128304344/. 
  55. ↑ "Senator Cummins is to Speak Here". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-10-14. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-senator-cummins-is-to/128276394/. 
  56. ↑ "Wickersham to Speak Here Tuesday Evening". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-10-20. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-wickersham-to-speak-h/128274450/. 
  57. ↑ "Speakers Announced for County Meetings". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-10-04. pp. 14. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-speakers-announced-fo/128272714/. 
  58. ↑ "Thousands Coming to Hear Hughes". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-10-06. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-thousands-coming-to-h/128277023/. 
  59. ↑ "Men's Advisory Board is Named". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-10-04. pp. 16. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-mens-advisory-board/128276760/. 
  60. ↑ "John Cornwell Far in Lead Now". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-11-10. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-john-cornwell-far-in/128487420/. 
  61. ↑ "Gain for Hughes and Loss for Robinson". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1916-11-18. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-gain-for-hugh/128487392/. 
  62. ↑ "Complete Roster of West Virginia Legislature of 1917". The Raleigh Register. 1916-12-14. pp. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-raleigh-register-complete-roster-of/128276923/. 
  63. ↑ "Four Would Like to be Head of Senate". Martinsburg West Va. Evening Journal. 1916-12-27. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/martinsburg-w-va-evening-journal-four-wo/128275320/. 
  64. ↑ "Candidates Announce for Legislative Job". The Independent-Herald. 1916-12-14. pp. 10. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-independent-herald-candidates-announ/128276041/. 
  65. ↑ "Likes Parrish". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-12-30. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-likes-parrish/128272228/. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 "Presidency of the State Senate". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1917-01-09. pp. 10. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-presidency-of/128275979/. 
  67. ↑ "Parrish". Clarksburg Daily Telegram. 1916-12-07. pp. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegram-parrish/128277723/. 
  68. ↑ "Borne Out by Facts". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1917-01-10. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-borne-out-by/128359097/. 
  69. ↑ "Clarksburg Plans to Extend Limits". Fairmont West Virginian. 1917-01-05. pp. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-fairmont-west-virginian-clarksburg-p/128276857/. 
  70. ↑ "Legislature in Session". Shepherdstown Register. 1917-05-17. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/shepherdstown-register-legislature-in-se/128303720/. 
  71. ↑ "Ohio and West Virginia Appointments at Fort Benjamin Harrison Training Camp". Official Bulletin. Committee on Public Information. August 10, 1917. pp. 14. https://www.worldwar1centennial.org/images/official-bulletin/pdf/17-08/1-78-August-10-1917-ww1-official-bulletin.pdf. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 "Bond Pays Tribute to Roy Parrish". The West Virginian. 1919-01-14. pp. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-west-virginian-bond-pays-tribute-to/128273694/. 
  73. ↑ "State Senator War Victim". 1918-08-09. pp. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-washington-post-state-senator-war-vi/128590970/. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 "Roy E. Parrish" (in en). http://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/82879. 
  75. ↑ "Lieut. Parrish Blown to Pieces by Shell in the July Battle". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1918-11-08. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-lieut-parris/128304699/. 
  76. ↑ "Roy Parrish was Blown to Atoms". Martinsburg West Va. Evening Journal. 1918-11-11. pp. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/article/martinsburg-w-va-evening-journal-roy-par/128272575/. 
  77. ↑ "Affecting Scene When Roy Parrish's Brother is Praised by McCain". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1918-08-15. pp. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-affecting-sce/128274049/. 
  78. ↑ Mallison, Sam T. (1919-01-11). "State Senate to Honor Parrish". The West Virginian. pp. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-west-virginian-state-senate-to-honor/128272419/. 
  79. ↑ "Parrish Memorials Published". Charleston Daily Mail. 1919-06-30. pp. 9. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charleston-daily-mail-parrish-memori/128304219/. 
  80. ↑ (in en) Journal of the Senate of the State of West Virginia for the Thirty-Fourth Regular Session. Charleston: West Virginia Senate. 1919. pp. 3–24. https://books.google.com/books?id=jHRDAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22roy+earl+parrish%22&pg=RA2-PT5. 
  81. ↑ "Colleagues Pay Tribute to the Late Senator Parrish". The Wheeling Intelligencer. 1919-01-22. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wheeling-intelligencer-colleagues-pa/128369727/. 
  82. ↑ "To Place Bronze Tablet in Memory of Soldier-Lawyer". Hinton Daily News. 1928-02-27. pp. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/hinton-daily-news-to-place-bronze-tablet/128275549/. 
  83. ↑ "Clarksburg Legion Post Claims Largest Rolls". The Raleigh Register. 1945-11-25. pp. 10. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-raleigh-register-clarksburg-legion-p/128276671/. 
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