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Republic of Ararat

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Republic of Ararat

Ararat
1927–1931
Flag of Komara Agiriyê Komara Araratê
Flag
Status Unrecognized state
Capital Kurd Ava[2] / Kurdava[3]
(Doğubayazıt)
Common languages Kurdish language, Turkish[citation needed]
Government Republic
President[4]  
• 1927–1930
Ibrahim Heski[5]
Supreme Commander[5]  
• 1927–1931
Ihsan Nuri[5]
Historical era Interwar period
• Independence declared[6]
28 October 1927
• Retaken by Turkey
September 1931
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Turkey
Turkey

The Republic of Ararat, or Kurdish Republic of Ararat,[7][8][9] (Kurdish language: کۆماری ئارارات[10][11] and Kurdish language: Komara Araratê[12]) was a self-proclaimed Kurdish people state from 1927 to 1931. It was located in eastern Turkey, centred on Karaköse Province. "Agirî" is the Kurdish name for Ararat.[13]

History[]

The Republic of Ararat, led by the central committee of Xoybûn party, declared independence on 28 October 1927[6] or 1928,[14][15][16] during a wave of rebellion among Kurds in southeastern Turkey. As the leader of the military was appointed Ihsan Nuri, and Ibrahim Heski was put in charge of the civilian government.

At the first meeting of Xoybûn, Ihsan Nuri Pasha was declared the military commander of the Ararat Rebellion.[17] Ibrahim Heski was made the leader of the civilian administration.[18] In October 1927, Kurd Ava,[2] or Kurdava,[3] a village near Mount Ararat, was designated as the provisional capital of Kurdistan. Xoybûn made appeals to the Great Powers and the League of Nations and also sent messages to other Kurds in Iraq and Syria to ask for co-operation.[19] But under the pressure from Turkey, the British Empire as well as France imposed restrictions on the activities of the members of Xoybûn.[17]

The Turkish Armed forces subsequently defeated the Republic of Ararat in September 1931.[20][21]

Flag of the Republic of Ararat[]

From left to right: , , '"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"'

From left to right: Sipkanlı Halis Bey, Ihsan Nuri Pasha, Hasenanlı Ferzende Bey[22]

The flag first appeared during the movement for Kurdish people independence from the Ottoman Empire and resembles an earlier version created by the Xoybûn (Khoyboun) organization, active in the Ararat rebellion of 1930, and flown by the break-away Republic of Ararat during the period 1927–1931.[citation needed]

Ararat Flag

Ararat Flag

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The National Flag of Kurdistan". http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/the_national_flag_of_kurdistan.php. , Kurdish Institute of Paris.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wadie Jwaideh, The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development, Syracuse University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8156-3093-7, p. 211.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 (in French) Celal Sayan, La construction de l'état national turc et le mouvement national kurde, 1918-1938, Presses universitaires du septentrion, 2002, p. 649.
  4. ↑ Paul J. White, Primitive rebels or revolutionary modernizers?: the Kurdish national movement in Turkey, Zed Books, 2000, ISBN 978-1-85649-822-7, p. 77.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 (in Turkish) Emin Karaca, Ağrı Eteklerinde İsyan: Bir Kürt Ayaklanmasının Anatomisi, 3. Baskı, Karakutu Yayınları, 2003, ISBN 975-8658-38-7, s. 23.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dana Adams Schmidt, Journey among brave men, Little, Brown, 1964, p. 57.
  7. ↑ Christopher Houston, Kurdistan: crafting of national selves, Indiana University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-253-22050-5, p. 52.
  8. ↑ Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, 1. cilt, Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6, p. 385.
  9. ↑ Abbas Vali, Essays on the origins of Kurdish nationalism, Mazda Publishers, 2003, ISBN 978-1-56859-142-1, p. 199.
  10. ↑ "Xwendin û danasîna pirtûkan" (in ku). dengekurdistan.nu. http://www.dengekurdistan.nu/printart.aspx?an=1893. 
  11. ↑ "کۆماری ئارارات، ئاوڕدانەوەیەک لە مێژوو" (in ku). chawykurd.com. http://www.chawykurd.com/details.aspx?=hewal&jmare=3683&Jor=9&Jor2=94. 
  12. ↑ "Ihsan Nuri Paşa" (in ku). 25 March 2017. https://rojevakurd.com/25e-adar/. 
  13. ↑ "Republics of Ararat". http://www.ekurds.com/english/republicsofararat.htm. 
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Abbas3
  15. ↑ Martin Strohmeier, Crucial images in the presentation of a Kurdish national identity: heroes and patriots, traitors and foes, Brill, 2003, ISBN 978-90-04-12584-1, s. 97.
  16. ↑ Christopher Houston, Kurdistan: crafting of national selves, Indiana University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-253-22050-5, s. 52.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Allsopp, Harriet (2014) (in en). The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 55. ISBN 9781780765631. 
  18. ↑ Yilmaz, Özcan (2015) (in fr). La formation de la nation kurde en Turquie. Graduate Institute Publications. pp. 77. ISBN 978-2-940503-17-9. 
  19. ↑ Edmonds, C.J. (1971). "Kurdish Nationalism". pp. 91. Digital object identifier:10.1177/002200947100600105. 
  20. ↑ Kemal Kirişci,Gareth M. Winrow, The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-state Ethnic Conflict, Routledge, 1997, ISBN 978-0-7146-4746-3, p. 101.
  21. ↑ "Kurdistan: Short-lived independent states". https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/krd_slvd.html. 
  22. ↑ Rohat Alakom, Hoybûn örgütü ve Ağrı ayaklanması, Avesta, 1998, ISBN 975-7112-45-3, p. 180. (in Turkish)
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