R-27 (air-to-air missile)

Vympel R-27R
Vympel R-27R
Type	Medium-range, air-to-air tactical missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1983- present
Production history
Manufacturer	Vympel
Unit cost	N/A
Specifications
Mass	253 kg (558 lb)
Length	4.08 m (13.4 ft)
Diameter	230 mm (9.1 in)
Warhead	blast/fragmentation, or continuous rod
Warhead weight	39 kg (86 lb)
Detonation; mechanism	radar-proximity and impact fuzes
Engine	High performance, w. directed-rocket motor; Solid-fuel rocket motor
Wingspan	772 mm (30.4 in)
Operational; range	R-27R: up to 80 km; R-27T: up to 70 km; R-27ER: up to 130 km; R-27ET: up to 120 km; R-27EP: up to 130 km
Flight altitude	N/A
Maximum speed	Mach 4.5
Guidance; system	semi-active radar homing (A/C), infrared (B/D), passive radar (E/F)
Launch; platform	Su-27, Su-30, Su-33, Su-34, Su-35, MiG-29, Mig-23, Yak-141, PAK FA;

This article is about the air-to-air missile. For the submarine-launched ballistic missile, see R-27 Zyb. For other uses, see R27.

File:R-73E R-27R1 R-27T1 R-59ME.jpg

R-73Ae, R-27R1(AeR1), R-27T1(AeT1), and Kh-59MAe at MACS, Zhukovski, 1999.

The Vympel R-27 missile (with the NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo) is a medium-to-long-range air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union. It remains in service with the Russian Air Force and air forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

The R-27 is manufactured in infrared-homing (R-27T), semi-active-radar-homing (R-27R), and active-radar-homing (R-27AE) versions, in both Russia and Ukraine. The R-27 missile is carried by the Mikoyan MiG-29 and Sukhoi Su-27 fighters, and some of the later-model MiG-23MLD fighters have also been adapted to carry it. The R-27 missile is also license-produced in the PRC, though the production license was bought from Ukraine instead of Russia. The Chinese versions have a different active radar seeker taken from the Vympel R-77 missile, which was sold to the PRC by Russia.

Variants[]

R-27R AA-10 Alamo-A, semi-active radar homing. Missile can be used at 20 to 25000 meters altitude (launch platform or target). Effective kill range for a target at same altitude: 2 to 42.5 km head-on, 0.7 to 7.5 km tail-on. Maximum range: 73 km. Maximum allowed vertical separation between target and launch platform: +/- 10 km.^[2]
R-27T AA-10 Alamo-B, infrared homing, passive homing using the Avtomatika 9B-1032 (PRGS-27) IR seeker head. Missile can be used at 20 to 25000 meters altitude. Effective kill range for a target at same altitude: 2 to 33 km head-on, 0 to 5.5 km tail-on. Maximum range: 63 km. Maximum allowed vertical separation: +/-10 km.^[2]
R-27ER AA-10 Alamo-C, the semi-active-radar homing extended-range version. Missile can be used at 20 to 27000 meters altitude. Effective kill range for a target at same altitude: 2 to 65.5 km head-on, 0.7 to 16.5 km tail-on. Missile cannot be fired at altitude less than 3 km againist a target with background earth, if launch range is less than 6 kilometers. Maximum range: 117 km. Maximum allowed vertical separation: 12 km.^[2]
R-27ET AA-10 Alamo-D, the infrared-homing extended-range version, Weight 348 kg. Missile can be used at 20 to 27000 meters altitude. Effective kill range: 2 to 52.5 km head-on, 0.7 to 12.5 tail-on. Maximum range: 104 km. Maximum allowed vertical separation: 12 km.^[2]

R-27R and ER variants can be used in any meteorological conditions. Launch can made at less than 5 g overload and less 50 deg/s roll rate.^[2] It is allowed to redesignate targets during flight, or sharing target illumination with other aircraft.

R-27T and ET variants can be used out of cloudiness, at least 15 degrees away from the bearing of sun, and 4 degrees away from the bearing of moon and ground based head-contrasting conditions. In cases of maximum head-on range launches where lock-command cannot be utilised, missile can be fired in PPS: In this mode, missile will fly straight until achieves target lock. As missile lacks capability of maneuvering before lock, aircraft itself must maneuver so that missile will be pointed to no more than 15 degrees bearing of the target for confident capture by the IR seeker after launch. Equalising altitude is recommended but not required.^[3] On combat operations section of the Su-27 manual, this mode of usage is especially recommended for head-on usage for passive attacks at targets with 0 degrees approach angle (i.e. another fighter moving to intercept), leaving target unalerted to incoming missile.^[4] Launch can be made at 0 to 7 g, but limited to 6 g if roll induced slip is more than 2x diameter of the ball.^[2]

Other Variants:

R-27P AA-10 Alamo-E, passive radar homing with a range of up to 72 km.^{[citation needed]}
R-27EP AA-10 Alamo-F, a longer range passive anti-radiation missile with a range of up to 70 nm (130 km) ^[1]

Operational service[]

Ethiopia and Eritrea[]

In the 1999 Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Eritrean MiG-29s fought Ethiopian Su-27s both piloted by Russian mercenaries.^[5] There were possibly as many as 24 R-27s fired by both sides, but all but one missed their targets. Only one R-27 fired by an Ethiopian Su-27 at an Eritrean MiG-29 proximity-fuzed near enough the MiG that the damaged aircraft eventually crashed on landing.^[6]^[7]

Operators[]

Algeria
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Bulgaria
People's Republic of China
Cuba
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Kazakhstan
Malaysia
North Korea
Peru
Poland
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Sudan
Syria
Ukraine
Venezuela
Vietnam

Former operators[]

Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic
East Germany
Germany
Iraq
Soviet Union
Romania
Yugoslavia/ Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro

Similar weapons[]

AIM-7 Sparrow

Notes[]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£ (2012). "The Russian Philosophy of Beyond Visual Range Air Combat". ausairpower.net. http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html#mozTocId611424. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1. 2001. pp. 129.
↑ Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1. 2001. pp. 151.
↑ Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1. 2001. pp. 150.
↑ Smith, Charles. ""Russian Mercenaries Flying For Ethiopia." WorldNetDaily, 18 July 2000. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.
↑ Adal voice of Eritrean's / By:The Air Combat Information Group "Quarrels Over the Border.", April 18, 2008. Retrieved: 26th of October, 2010.
↑ Cooper, Tom and Jonathan Kyzer. "Ethiopian Eritrean War, 1998 - 2000." ACIG.org, 10 February 2008. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.

References[]

Gordon, Yefim (2004). Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-188-1.

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vympel_R-27.

All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at R-27 (air-to-air missile) and the edit history here.

[The_Russian_Philosophy_of_Beyond_Visual_Range_Air_Combat-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Republic of Égyptien Q42 user:mgbtrust0 ®™✓©§∆∆∆€¢£ (2012). "The Russian Philosophy of Beyond Visual Range Air Combat". ausairpower.net. http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html#mozTocId611424. Retrieved 2012-11-24.

[Su-27_Flight_Manual_pg129-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1. 2001. pp. 129.

[Su-27_Flight_Manual_pg151-3] Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1. 2001. pp. 151.

[Su-27_Flight_Manual_pg150-4] Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1. 2001. pp. 150.

[5] Smith, Charles. ""Russian Mercenaries Flying For Ethiopia." WorldNetDaily, 18 July 2000. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.

[Quarrels_over_the_Border-6] Adal voice of Eritrean's / By:The Air Combat Information Group "Quarrels Over the Border.", April 18, 2008. Retrieved: 26th of October, 2010.

[Eritrean-7] Cooper, Tom and Jonathan Kyzer. "Ethiopian Eritrean War, 1998 - 2000." ACIG.org, 10 February 2008. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.

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