Plane guard

A British frigate providing plane guard support to a US aircraft carrier

A plane guard is a warship (commonly a destroyer or frigate) or helicopter tasked to recover the aircrew of planes or helicopters which ditch or crash in the water during aircraft carrier flight operations.

Ships

For ships, the plane guard is positioned at least 3,000 yards behind the carrier and either to port and clear of the carrier, or at a point intersecting the carrier's final approach line. Ships in the latter position provide the advantage of providing an additional point of reference to approaching aircraft. One of the ship's boats is prepared for launch and swung over the side, but not placed in the water. If an aircraft ditches or crashes, either while approaching the carrier to land or following a failed landing, the ship proceeds to the approximate position of the aircraft, and the prepared boat is deployed to rescue the aircrew.^{[citation needed]}

The plane guard role is dangerous for ships, as aircraft carriers must often change speed and direction to preserve optimum take-off and landing conditions for their aircraft, and a lack of awareness or any incorrect manoeuvres on the part of either ship can place a plane guard ship under the bows of a carrier travelling at full speed. Both HMAS Voyager and USS Frank E. Evans were lost in collisions with Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne while incorrectly manoeuvering during plane guard duties.

Helicopters

A United States Navy SH-60 Seahawk hovers near USS John C. Stennis, acting as plane guard during an exercise

After World War II, amphibious aircraft were experimented with for plane guard duties and search-and-rescue roles. However, prior to the Korean War, helicopters were discovered to be more efficient and effective in both roles. As helicopters came into more common usage, they supplemented and sometimes replaced plane guard ships, as they could retrieve crashed aircrew faster and safer than the ships. However, night operations required a ship in the plane guard position.

External links

• University of California, Berkeley. "Navigation & Naval Operations II (NS 12B) - Lessons". Archived from the original on 2007-11-20. http://web.archive.org/web/20071120011059/http://navsci.berkeley.edu/ns12b/lectures.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-02.  - Lesson 07 (Formations - Microsoft PowerPoint document) contains information on the duties and manoeuvering rules for modern plane guard ships (Slides 64 to 71)