| Pierre Jean Joseph Jeanningros | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | November 21, 1816 |
| Died | April 30, 1902 |
| Place of birth | Besançon, France |
| Place of death | Paris, France |
| Allegiance |
 France |
| Service/branch |
French Army French Foreign Legion |
| Years of service | 1834 - 1881 |
| Rank | Général |
| Commands held |
Foreign Regiment R.E (1862) 1st Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division 2e DI (1867) (French) 13th Infantry Division 13e DI (1873) (French) 8th Infantry Division 8e DI (1878) (French) |
| Battles/wars |
Crimean War Italian Campaign Expedition of Mexico Franco-Prussian War |
| Awards | Legion d'honneur (Grand Officier) |
| Other work | Inspector general of the scholar battalions (1883) |
Pierre Jean Joseph Jeanningros, (November 21, 1816 Besançon, France - April 30, 1902)[1] was a French général, famous for having commanded the French Foreign Legion.
Military career[]
13th Infantry Division Insignia.
8th Infantry Division Insignia.
on November 20, 1834, he became a soldier, as an enfant troop (French) at the 66th Line Infantry Regiment (French), his Father's unit. He promoted to Caporal (Corporal) on July 6, 1835, Fourrier (French) (fourrier: non-commissioned officer responsible for stewardship) on December 14, 1836 and Grenadier Fourrier on April 21, 1836. On December 1, 1836, he was assigned as a Sergent (Sergeant) at the Zouaves (French) Regiment. He passed Sergeant Major (French) on August 16, 1837 and Sous-Lieutenant on June 21, 1840. On September 8, 1841, he was a signed as a Sous-Lieutenant at the 2nd Zouaves Regiment (French). He was accordingly promoted to Lieutenant on January 2, 1842 and Captain on July 10, 1847. On March 14, 1852, he returned as Captain at the 1st Zouaves Regiment (French) and was designated as Capatain Adjudant Major on May 3, 1852. On February 7, 1854, he was designated as a Chef de bataillon (Commandant - Major) at the 43rd Line Infantry Regiment (French) and was assigned on July 4, 1855 to the 1st Guard Voltigeurs Regiment.
On October 2, 1855, he was promoted to Lieutenant-colonel at the 82nd Line Infantry Regiment (French) and passed Colonel on July 12, 1859 at the 43rd Line Infantry Regiment (French). Under a Ministerial decision, he was assigned as a Colonel at Foreign Regiment in Mexico (French) and became superior commander of Veracruz (French) and the Hot Lands from June 14, 1863 to February 26, 1864. Since June 20, 1865, he was assigned to the commandment of the subdivision of Monterrey (French), including the States of Cacahuiel and Leon (French). On August 1, 1865, he was designated as Général de brigade, commanding the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Division of the same States. He conserved simultaneously his position at the head of the Foreign Legion, until May 31, 1866. He was accordingly designated as superior commandant for the States of Querétaro (French) and Sierra. He entered back to France with the occupation army and disembarked at Saint-Nazaire on March 28, 1867. He was named by an Imperial decision on March 30, 1867 to the commandment of the 1st Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division (French) of the Imperial Guard, consisting of:
- The Zouaves (French)
- The 1st Grenadier Regiment à Pied of the Imperial Guard (French)
- The Regiment of Gendarmerie
On October 23, 1870, he was made a prisoner of war for the capitulation of the Army at Metz and was interred in Germany at Aachen (French). He returned to France on March 12, 1871 where he was of disposition and availability. On June 11, 1871, he was nominated to the commandment of the subdivision of Indre-et-Loire, at Tours. On August 17, 1871, he was nominated to the commandment of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Division of the 4th Corps of the Army of Versailles (French), by Ministerial decision. By decree on May 22, 1873, he was promoted to Général de division and placed at the position of disposition, starting June 1. On October 18, 1873, he was nominated to the commandment of the 13th Infantry Division (French), which was part of the 1st Army Corps (French), commanded by The Duke (French). On June 16, 1874, he became inspector general of the 13th Infantry Arrondissement and added progressively to this active command, the subdivisions of the regions of Bourg, Belley, and Langres. From June 30, 1876 to July 2, 1877, he was the inspector general of the 13th Infantry Arrondissement. On January 22, 1878, he was designated as the commandant of the 8th Infantry Division (French), at the 4th Army Corps (French). From May 27, 1878 to May 12, 1881, he was inspector general of the 8th Infantry Arrondissement. In October 1881, he joined to his division commandment that of the divisions of Mayenne, Laval, Mayenne, Le Mans, Alençon and Argentan. As of November 21, 1881, he was admitted by Presidential decision to the reserve section. On November 23, on his demand, he was admitted to valorize his rights for retirement pension. He was officially retired by decree on January 17, 1882 after 48 years of service. In 1883, he was designated as inspector general of the scholar battalion (French). This patriotic movement regrouped institution members, interested in implementing basic physical culture and discipline to the young French people. In 1889, he retired from all works.
Recognitions and Honors[]
His bravery during combats of the conquest of Algeria nicknamed him as "le Bayard des braves"
Wounded 6 times under fires, he totalized 4 citations.
- 1843, Knight of the Order of the Légion d'honneur.
- 1856, Officer of the Order of the Légion d'honneur.
- 1856, 4th Class of the Ottoman Order of the Medjidie
- 1863, Medal of His Majesty the King of Sardinia (Crimean Campaign).
- 1863, Commander of the Imperial Order of the Légion d'honneur.
- 1864, Commander of the Imperial Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
- 1866, Grand Officer of the Imperial Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
- 1877, Grand Officer of the Order of the Légion d'honneur.
He was also titular of the following decorations:
- Crimea Medal
- Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign
- Commemorative medal of the Mexico Expedition
- Valor Medal of Sardinia
Général Jeanningros (statue destroyed in 1942).
Since 1986, a road in Servon bears his name. A statue of the general was inaugurated on August 15, 1909 at Besançon, by the Minister of War at the époque, general Brun. In light of construction of a war memorial depicting the war of 1914/1918, the statue was moved. Fabricated in bronze, the occupation authorities ordered, in 1942, to melt it simultaneously along with that of Pierre Joseph Proudhon which was near by.
See also[]
Notes[]
- ↑ His Father Joseph-Marie Jeanningros was then officer. His Mother Françoise LLuesma, was of Spanish origin from Valence
References[]
Sources[]
- La Dépêche Républicaine, 28 février 1902.
- Le général Jeanningros, 1816–1902 (General Jeanningros, 1816-1902), René-Charles Plancke, Brie-Comte-Robert, 1974.
- L'Est Républicain (East Republican), 30 mai 1986.
- Le général Pierre Jeanningros, 1816–1902, colonel commandant le régiment étranger à Camerone (General Pierre Jeanningros, 1816-1902, colonel commandant the Foreign Regiment at Cameron), Michel Jeanningros, Besançon, 1986.
- Dictionnaire biographique du Doubs, Max Roche et Michel Vernus, Lons-le-Saunier, 1997.
- Camerone Pierre Sergent (military), Fayard, 1979.
- Dossier du Général Jeanningros, Defense historic service.
The original article can be found at Pierre Joseph Jeanningros and the edit history here.