PPD-40

PPD
PPD-34 & PPD-34/38
Type	Submachine gun
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1935–45
Used by	See Users
Production history
Designer	Vasily Degtyaryov
Designed	1934
Produced	1934–1941; most in 1940
No. built	Approx. 90,000
Variants	PPD-34, PPD-34/38, PPD-40
Specifications
Mass	3.2 kg (7.1 lb) empty
Length	788 mm (31.0 in)
Barrel length	273 mm (10.7 in)
Cartridge	7.62x25mm Tokarev
Action	Blowback, open bolt
Rate of fire	800–1000 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity	490 m/s (1,600 ft/s)
Effective firing range	200 m (219 yd)
Feed system	25-round detachable box magazine 71-round detachable drum magazine

The PPD (Pistolet-Pulemyot Degtyaryova, Russian: Пистолет-пулемёт Дегтярёва, Degtyaryov machine pistol) is a submachine gun originally designed in 1934 by Vasily Degtyaryov. The PPD had a conventional wooden stock, fired from an open bolt, and was capable of selective fire.

History

Soviet propaganda film showing a soldier holding a PPD-40. (Note the two-part wood stock.)

Developed in the Soviet Union by arms designer Vasily Degtyaryov, it was a near direct copy of the German Bergmann MP 28. The PPD was designed to chamber the new Soviet 7.62×25mm Tokarev pistol cartridge, which was based on the similar 7.63×25mm Mauser cartridge used in the Mauser C96 pistol. The PPD utilized a large ammunition drum, a copy of the Finnish M31 Suomi drum magazine as well as a more conventional 25-round box-type magazine.

The PPD officially went into military service with the Red Army in 1935 as the PPD-34, although it was not produced in large quantities. Production issues were not solved until 1937; in 1934 only 44 were produced, in 1935 only 23; production picked up in 1937 with 1,291 produced, followed by 1,115 produced in 1938 and 1,700 produced in 1939. It saw use with the NKVD internal forces as well as border guards. A little-known fact is that the PPD was decommissioned entirely in 1939 and factory orders cancelled following a directive of the People's Commissariat of Defence Industry; the decision was quickly reversed though after the personal intervention of Degtyaryov with Stalin, with whom he had a good personal relationship. During the 1939 Soviet-Finish war, an acute lack of individual automatic weapons even led to the reintroduction of the stockpiled Fedorov Avtomats into service.

In 1938 and 1940, modifications were designated PPD-34/38 and PPD-40 respectively, and introduced minor changes, mostly aimed at making it easier to manufacture. Mass production began in 1940, a year in which 81,118 PPDs were produced. Nevertheless, the PPD-40 was too labor- and resource-expensive to mass-produce economically, most of its metal components being produced by milling. Although it was used in action in the initial stages of World War II, it was officially replaced by the superior and cheaper PPSh-41 by the end of 1941. Shpagin's great innovation into Soviet automatic weapons manufacturing was the large-scale introduction of stamped metal parts, particularly receivers; the PPSh also had a muzzle climb compensator which significantly improved accuracy over the PPD. In 1941 only 5,868 PPDs were made, compared to 98,644 PPSh and in the following year almost 1.5 million PPSh were made.

PPDs captured by Finnish forces during the Winter War and World War II were issued to coastal and home guard troops and kept in reserve until approximately 1960. PPD-34/38 and PPD-40 submachine guns captured by the Wehrmacht were given the names MP.715(r) and MP.716(r) respectively.

A number of PPD-like submachine guns were also manufactured in a semi-artisanal way by gunsmiths among the hundreds of thousands of Soviet partisans. These guns, even when made as late as 1944, used milling because metal stamping requires large industrial facilities that were not available to the partisans. There are no firm numbers about how many were made, but there were at least 6 partisan gunsmiths each making his own model series. One of them is known to have produced 28 such sub-machine guns in approximately two years.

Users

Sailors of the Baltic Fleet armed with PPD-40 (left two) and PPSh-41 (rightmost) in May 1943.

• Albania
• Finland
• North Korea
• Commonwealth of the Philippines: Used by the Hukbalahap Communist fighters during World War II and Hukbalahap Rebellion.^{[citation needed]}
• Soviet Union
• Spain: Used by the Spanish Republican Army during Spanish Civil War (PPD-34).^{[citation needed]}

See also

• List of submachine guns
• List of Russian weaponry
• Tokarev Model 1927

External links

• "World". Guns. 2011-01-24. http://world.guns.ru/smg/rus/ppd-40-e.html. Retrieved 2011-04-26. .
• "Basic notes on PPD-34 and PPD-40" (in Russian). Gewehr. 2007-04-11. http://www.gewehr.ru/2007/04/11/ppd.html. .
• "ППД-1934\38\40" (in Russian). PPD-34, PPD-38 and PPD-40. Ucoz. Archived from the original on 2008-12-10. http://web.archive.org/20081210180608/www.otvaga.ucoz.ru/publ/5-1-0-8. .
• "Finnish Army ARMY 1918–1945". Jaegerplatoon. http://www.jaegerplatoon.net/MACHINEPISTOLS2.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-26. .