| Orville L. Freeman | |
|---|---|
| |
| Orville L. Freeman Photograph in the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. | |
| 16th United States Secretary of Agriculture | |
In office January 20, 1961 – January 21, 1969 | |
| President | John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Preceded by | Ezra Taft Benson |
| Succeeded by | Clifford M. Hardin |
| 29th Governor of Minnesota | |
In office January 5, 1955 – January 2, 1961 | |
| Lieutenant | Karl Rolvaag |
| Preceded by | C. Elmer Anderson |
| Succeeded by | Elmer L. Andersen |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 9, 1918 Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Died | February 20, 2003 (aged 84) Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Resting place | Lakewood Cemetery Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Political party | Minnesota Democratic Farmer-Labor Party |
| Spouse(s) | Jane Charlotte Shields (m. 1942 - 2003, his death) |
| Children | Michael Orville Freeman Constance Jane Freeman |
| Alma mater | University of Minnesota University of Minnesota Law School |
| Profession | Marine, politician |
| Religion | Lutheran |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | USMC |
| Rank | Major |
| Battles/wars | World War II * Battle of Bougainville |
Orville Lothrop Freeman (May 9, 1918 – February 20, 2003) was an American Democratic politician who served as the 29th Governor of Minnesota from January 5, 1955 to January 2, 1961, and as the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture from 1961 to 1969 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He was one of the founding members of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party and strongly influential in the merger of the pre-DFL Minnesota Democratic and Farmer-Labor Parties. Freeman nominated Kennedy for President at the national Democratic Party convention.
Biography[]
Early years[]
Freeman was born on May 9, 1918 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, of Swedish and Norwegian ancestry, Freeman is best remembered for initiating the Food Stamp Program for under-resourced people which is still in use today.[1] Freeman was a 1940 graduate of the University of Minnesota, where he met his lifelong friend and political ally, Hubert H. Humphrey, and his former wife and lifelong partner of Jane Charlotte Shields are wed of marriage on May 2, 1942. Orville and Jane Freeman had two children: (Michael O. Freeman and Constance J. Freeman). During the World War II, he was to served as a combat officer in United States Marine Corps, and the achieving the rank of Major.
Marine Corps service[]
Figuring that the United States was going to be getting involved in World War II, Freeman signed up for the Marine Reserves in late 1940 with the understanding he could finish law school before fulfilling his required service. The attack on Pearl Harbor changed all that and on December 31, 1941 he received orders to report to Officer Candidate School at Marine Corps Base Quantico.[2]
After graduating OCS and follow training to be an infantry officer, he reported to Camp Elliot which was just outside of San Diego, California. He was soon assigned to the 9th Marine Regiment, Kilo Company, 3rd Battalion, 9th Marines. His unit eventually shipped out overseas for periods of training in New Zealand and Guadalcanal.[2]
On November 1, 1943 he saw his first combat when his unit came ashore at Torokina on Bougainville in what were the first battles of the Bougainville Campaign. A few days later, while leading a patrol, he came across a group of 5 or 6 Japanese soldiers in a clearing. Although he did shoot, he was also injured in the jaw and left arm. Eventually, he was evacuated to an Army hospital on New Caledonia and then to a Naval hospital on Noumea. He returned to the United States in 1944 but never recovered enough movement in his arm to pass a Marine Corps physical and return to combat.[2]
Post-war and political career[]
He earned his LL.B. from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1946. Freeman went on to practice law in Minneapolis.[3] He ran unsuccessfully for attorney general of Minnesota in 1950 and for governor in 1952.[3]
The Kennedy Round negotiations were discussed in 1967. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce conference by William M. Roth, a special representative for the Trade Representative, the U.S. Secretary of Commerce Alexander B. Trowbridge, the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Orville L. Freeman and the Under Secretary of Labor James J. Reynolds.
Freeman was elected Governor in 1954, and was subsequently re-elected in 1956 and 1958. As governor, Freeman took the unusual action of declaring martial law in the city of Albert Lea on December 11, 1959, to maintain law and order during a strike at the Wilson Packing Company. After twelve days, a federal court ruled that the Governor's imposition of martial law was inappropriate.[4] Also while serving as governor, on November 13, 1955, Freeman was a guest on the variety show Toast of the Town (which would later be called The Ed Sullivan Show). In July 1960, Freeman nominated then-U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts for President at the Democratic National Convention. Following his defeat for re-election as Governor in 1960, Freeman was appointed as U.S. Secretary of Agriculture by the newly elected President John F. Kennedy, and was retained in that post by President Lyndon B. Johnson following Kennedy's assassination in November 22, 1963 serving until January 21, 1969. Following his service as the Secretary of Agriculture, Freeman headed two consulting businesses and he later in practiced law in Washington, D.C.[3]
Freeman died from complications of Alzheimer's disease on February 20, 2003 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, at the age of 84,[3] and was buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Legacy[]
His son Mike Freeman ran unsuccessfully for Governor in 1998, and has served non-consecutive terms as County Attorney for Hennepin County, Minnesota (1991 to 1999, and 2007 to the present).
Awards and decorations[]
Known decorations and medals include:
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  |
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| Purple Heart | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/ service star | World War II Victory Medal |
See also[]
Notes[]
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Berry (1982), p.149-162.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Stout, David (February 22, 2003). "Orville Freeman, 84, Dies; 60's Agriculture Secretary". p. B6. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/22/us/orville-freeman-84-dies-60-s-agriculture-secretary.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- ↑ "Martial Law Ordered in Meat Strike", Oakland Tribune, December 11, 1959, p1; "Court Ends Wilson Closure", December 23, 1959, p4
References[]
- Bibliography
- Berry, Henry (1982). Semper Fi, Mac – Living Memories of the U.S. Marines in World War II. New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-688-14956-1.
- Web
External links[]
- The Personal papers of Orville Freeman are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society.
- Oral History Interviews with Orville Freeman, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
The original article can be found at Orville Freeman and the edit history here.