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Order of the Chrysanthemum

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Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
大勲位菊花章
Dai-kun'i kikka-shō
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
Awarded by the Emperor of Japan
Award of  Japan
Awarded for Exceptionally meritorious achievement/service
Status Currently constituted
Sovereign HM The Emperor
Grades (w/ post-nominals) Collar
Grand Cordon
Established 1876
Precedence
Next (higher) None (highest)
Next (lower) Order of the Paulownia Flowers
Order Chrysantemum Sash
Ribbon of the Order

The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (大勲位菊花章 Dai-kun'i kikka-shō?) is Japan's highest order. The Grand Cordon of the Order was established in 1876 by Emperor Meiji of Japan; the Collar of the Order was added on 4 January 1888. Unlike European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously.

Apart from the Imperial Family, only seven Japanese citizens have ever been decorated with the collar in their lifetimes; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Saionji Kinmochi in 1928. Eight others have been posthumously decorated with the collar; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2022.[1] Today, only the reigning Emperor holds this dignity as sovereign of the order; however, exceptions are made for foreign heads of state, who can be awarded the collar in friendship.

The grand cordon is the highest possible honour a Japanese citizen can be awarded during his or her lifetime. Aside from members of the Imperial Family, 53 Japanese citizens have been decorated with the grand cordon; of these, only 23 were living at the time of receipt.

Insignia[]

The collar of the order is made of gold, and features the kanji for "Meiji", in classic form, indicating the era of the order's establishment. It is decorated with gold chrysanthemum blossoms and green-enameled leaves.

The sash of the grand cordon of the order is red with dark blue border stripes. It is worn on the right shoulder.

The star of the order is similar to the badge, but in silver, without the chrysanthemum suspension, and with an eight-pointed gilt medallion (with white-enameled rays and red-enameled sun disc) placed at the center. It is worn on the left chest.

The badge of the order is a four-pointed gilt badge with white-enameled rays; the center bears a red enameled sun disc. On each of the four corners of the badge is a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum blossom with green-enameled chrysanthemum leaves. The badge is suspended on a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum, either on the collar or on the grand cordon.

Ribbon bars
JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR
Collar 		JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR
Grand Cordon

Grades[]

Name and image Enactment date Purpose of the award
Template:Ruby
Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
 4 January 1888 It is said to be "a special gift for those decorated with the Supreme Order."[2][lower-alpha 1]
Template:Ruby
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum

badge (top), star (bottom right), rosette (bottom left)
 27 December 1876 "Specially awarded... to those who have excellent merit, above the merit for which the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun or the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasures would be awarded".[3]
Template:Ruby
Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum 002
 27 December 1876 It has never been awarded on its own, instead it has been treated as the star of the Grand Cordon and of the Collar;

officially incorporated as the star of both grades in the 2003 institutional reform.

Sovereigns[]

Information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]
  • Emperor Meiji (Sovereign from 27 December 1876)
  • Emperor Taishō (Grand Cordon 3 November 1889; Collar 10 May 1900; Sovereign from 30 July 1912)
  • Emperor Shōwa (Grand Cordon 9 September 1912; Collar as Regent 24 September 1921; Sovereign from 25 December 1926)
  • Emperor Akihito (Grand Cordon 10 November 1952; Sovereign from 7 January 1989 to 30 April 2019)
  • Emperor Naruhito (Grand Cordon 23 February 1980; Sovereign since 1 May 2019)

Awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty[]

Information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to imperial princes while living[]

Posthumous awards to imperial princes[]

Posthumous award to foreign royalty[]

  • Gojong of the Korean Empire (21 January 1919)

Award to foreign royalty[]

Awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty[]

Information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to imperial princes while living[]

Posthumous awards to imperial princes[]

  • Prince Kitashirakawa Nagahisa (4 September 1940)

Awards to foreign royalty[]

  • Sultan Abdulhamid II (10 May 1888)
  • King Alfonso XIII (7 July 1897)
  • Prince Yi Un of Korea (27 April 1920)
  • Prince Yi Kang of Korea (8 January 1924)
  • Prince Yi Geon of Korea (3 November 1926)
  • Prince Yi Wu of Korea (7 November 1943)
  • King Charles III of the United Kingdom (5 October 1971)
  • Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah of Brunei (April 1984)
  • King Birendra of Nepal (1975)
  • King Juan Carlos I (1980)
  • Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal (12 April 2001)
  • King Felipe VI (5 April 2017)

Ordinary awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum[]

Marshal-Admiral Marquis , with the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum. Tōgō was one of only seven subjects to whom the Collar was awarded while living.

Marshal-Admiral Marquis Tōgō Heihachirō, with the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum. Tōgō was one of only seven subjects to whom the Collar was awarded while living.

Information incorporated from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to living individuals[]

Posthumous awards[]

  • Inoue Kaoru (1 September 1915)
  • Tokudaiji Sanetsune (4 June 1919)
  • Ōkuma Shigenobu (10 January 1922)
  • Yamamoto Gonbee (9 December 1933)
  • Shigeru Yoshida (20 October 1967)
  • Eisaku Satō (3 June 1975)
  • Yasuhiro Nakasone (29 November 2019)
  • Shinzō Abe (11 July 2022)*
* : Awarded with the Grand Cordon[4]

Ordinary awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum[]

Incorporates information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to living recipients[]

Marquis Saigō Tsugumichi

Marquis Saigō Tsugumichi

* : Later awarded the Collar
⁑ : Posthumously awarded the Collar

Posthumous awards[]

Masayoshi Ōhira

Masayoshi Ōhira

  • Kuroda Kiyotaka (25 August 1900)
  • Terauchi Masatake (3 November 1919)
  • Hara Takashi (4 November 1921)
  • Kabayama Sukenori (8 February 1922)
  • Katō Tomosaburō (24 August 1923)
  • Hasegawa Yoshimichi (28 January 1924)
  • Katō Takaaki (28 January 1926)
  • Kawamura Kageaki (28 April 1926)
  • Inoue Yoshika (22 March 1929)
  • Uehara Yūsaku (8 November 1933)
  • Saitō Makoto (26 February 1936)
  • Takahashi Korekiyo (26 February 1936)
  • Tokugawa Iesato (5 June 1940)
  • Kaneko Kentarō (16 May 1942)
  • Kiyoura Keigo (5 November 1942)
  • Isoroku Yamamoto (18 April 1943)
  • Ichiki Kitokurō (17 December 1944)
  • Ichirō Hatoyama (7 March 1959)
  • Hayato Ikeda (13 August 1965)
  • Kōtarō Tanaka (1 March 1974)
  • Masayoshi Ōhira (12 June 1980)
  • Nobusuke Kishi (7 August 1987)
  • Takeo Miki (14 November 1988)
  • Takeo Fukuda (5 July 1995)
  • Keizō Obuchi (14 May 2000)
  • Noboru Takeshita (19 June 2000)
  • Zenkō Suzuki (19 July 2004)
  • Ryūtarō Hashimoto (1 July 2006)
  • Toshiki Kaifu (9 January 2022)
  • Shinzō Abe (11 July 2022)*
* : Awarded with the Collar[4]

Foreign recipients of the Order of the Chrysanthemum[]

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Collar[]

Grand Cordon[]

Collar (deceased)[]

Queen Elizabeth II

Dwight D

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Grand Cordon (deceased)[]

Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ すなわち、大勲位菊花大綬章受章者であることが授与の条件である。(In other words, being a recipient of the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum is a prerequisite for the award.)
  2. ↑ Promoted from Grand Cordon in 1987.
  3. ↑ Decoration probably conferred during 1969 State Visit to Japan – no specific citation support.
  4. ↑ Promoted from Grand Cordon awarded in 1955.
  5. ↑ Awarded October 1887.[28]

References[]

Citations[]

  1. ↑ "Japan honors ex-PM Abe with highest decoration, wake held in Tokyo". https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/07/99fcc8441bab-breaking-news-japan-to-honor-late-ex-pm-abe-with-highest-decoration.html. 
  2. ↑ Article 2.1, Imperial Ordinance No. 1 of Meiji 21st (1881) (Order of the Precious Crown and Collar of the Supreme Chrysanthemum) (明治21年勅令第1号（宝冠章及大勲位菊花章頸飾ニ関スル件）2条1項 Meiji 21-nen Chokurei dai-1-go (Hōkanshō oyobi dai-kun’i kikka-shō keishoku ni kansuru ken) 2-jō 1-kō?)
  3. ↑ 勲章の授与基準、2003年（平成15年）5月20日閣議決定. 20 May 2003. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/seidokaikaku/juyokijun.pdf. Retrieved 26 September 2020. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ja). NHK. 11 July 2022. https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220711/k10013712231000.html. 
  5. ↑ Ye Wanyong. Kotobank
  6. ↑ Order awarded 26 May 1994, mentioned in his biography in : The official publication. the Belgian Senate. http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf. Retrieved 21 November 2011. 
  7. ↑ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成22年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo 2010 (Heisei 22-nen) )". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html. 
  8. ↑ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成26年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo Heisei 26-nen (2014))" (in ja). https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html. 
  9. ↑ "官報 第1251号". 2024-06-26. https://kanpou.npb.go.jp/20240626/20240626h01251/20240626h012510008f.html. 
  10. ↑ Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971: "Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth". http://www.regiments.org/biography/royals/1948chas.htm#titles. 
  11. ↑ Order awarded 26 May 1994, mentioned in his biography in : The official publication. the Belgian Senate. http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf. Retrieved 21 November 2011. 
  12. ↑ "HRH Prince Carl Philip". https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-house/hrh-prince-carl-philip. 
  13. ↑ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成26年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo Heisei 26-nen (2014))" (in ja). https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html. 
  14. ↑ "The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Japan". 2009-11-15. http://www.embkazjp.org/additionalpages/special25062008.htm. 
  15. ↑ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成22年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo 2010 (Heisei 22-nen) )". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html. 
  16. ↑ "H.K.H. Prins Joachim" (in da). 2011-10-28. https://kongehuset.dk/den-kongelige-familie/prins-joachim-og-prinsesse-marie/hkh-prins-joachim. 
  17. ↑ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成25年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushōsha meibo Heisei 25-nen)" (in ja). https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h25.html. 
  18. ↑ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成29年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushōsha meibo Heisei 29-nen)" (in ja). https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page25_000707.html. 
  19. ↑ "King Salman to hold talks with Japanese premier today" (in en). 2017-03-13. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1067571/saudi-arabia. 
  20. ↑ "President of the Republic of Lithuania – Biography". Government of Lithuania. http://www.president.lt/family/?prn=1. 
  21. ↑ "Polish presidential web page". 16 August 2007. http://www.president.pl/x.node?id=3042622. 
  22. ↑ "Danish Crown Prince website". http://kongehuset.dk/Den-kongelige-familie/Kronprinsparret/HKH-Kronprins-Frederik. 
  23. ↑ During the visit of Prince Komatsu Akihito to the UK in June 1902 to attend his coronation – "Court Circular". 14 June 1902. p. 12. 
  24. ↑ Honor awarded 1930 – "Japan to Decorate King Alfonso Today; Emperor's Brother Nears Madrid With Collar of the Chrysanthemum for Spanish King.". 3 November 1930. https://www.nytimes.com/1930/11/03/archives/japan-to-decorate-kind-alfonso-today-emperors-brother-nears-madrid.html?sq=order+of+the+chrysanthemum+&scp=4&st=p. 
  25. ↑ "Buradayız > Anasayfa > Belgeler > Japon İmparatorunun II. Abdülhamid Han'a Mektubuabdulhamid hana mektup, japon imparatoru mutsuhito" (in tr). Ottoman Dynasty. http://www.osmanlihanedanvakfi.com/2011/02/01/japon-imparatorunun-ii-abdulhamid-han%e2%80%99a-mektubu.html. 
  26. ↑ Downing, Terry Reese (29 November 2009). Martyrs in Paradise: Woman of Mass Destruction. AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781449008819. //books.google.com/books?id=YtfyBo4CrY0C. Retrieved 29 September 2020. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Bortrick, William (2009). "The Royal Family – HM Queen Elizabeth II". Burke's Peerage & Gentry. http://www.burkespeerage.com/articles/peerage/page62-6a.aspx. 
  28. ↑ "The Martyrs of Turkish Fleet at the Shore of Ooshima" (slides 5–6 – "A Brief Introduction to International Yachting Fellowship of Rotarians" (pdf). Rotary Mariners. 8 February 2005. pp. 5–6. http://www.iyfrsf.org/Newsletter/introtoiyfr.pdf. 
  29. ↑ Awarded 20 February 1906. Redesdale, Lord (1906). The Garter Mission to Japan. London: Macmillan. p. 26. 
  30. ↑ Honor awarded 1929 – "Imperial Garter". 13 May 1929. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732380,00.html. 
  31. ↑ Honor awarded in 1938 – "Flower to Mussolini". 5 September 1938. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760089,00.html. 
  32. ↑ Honor awarded in 1924 – "Japan Decorates Obregon; Order of the Chrysanthemum is Conferred by Special Ambassador". 28 November 1924. https://www.nytimes.com/1924/11/28/archives/japan-decorates-obregon-order-of-the-chrysanthemum-conferred-by.html?sq=order+of+the+chrysanthemum+&scp=3&st=p. 
  33. ↑ Honor awarded 1931 – "Mighty Monarch". 20 April 1931. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,741424,00.html. 
  34. ↑ Honor awarded 1989 – Weisman, Stephen (24 October 1989). "Reagan Given Top Award by Japanese". https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE7DD1E3EF937A15753C1A96F948260. 
  35. ↑ Vancouver Maritime Museum Archived 5 January 2013 at Archive.is
  36. ↑ "Marcos arrives for Japan visit". https://www.stripes.com/news/marcos-arrives-for-japan-visit-1.18414. 
  37. ↑ "PREDSJEDNIK TITO U JAPANU". 9 April 1968. pp. 5. https://arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr/pvpages/pvpages/viewPage/?page=4&displaySizeSelect=1&pv_page_id=110553&autocomplete_text=. 
  38. ↑ Marumoto, Masaji (1976). "Vignette of Early Hawaii-Japan Relations: Highlights of King Kalakaua's Sojourn in Japan on His Trip around the World as Recorded in His Personal Diary". University of Hawaii at Manoa. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5014560.pdf. 
  39. ↑ 刑部, 芳則; Osakabe, Yoshinori (November 2017). "明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (特集 近代の皇室制度 : その運用と課題)" (pdf). Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai (明治聖徳記念学会). pp. 139–171. ISSN 0916-0655. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40021419067/. ; (明治聖徳記念学会紀要?)
  40. ↑ Quismundo, Tarra (3 June 2015). "Aquino gets Japan's highest honor from imperial family". Tokyo. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/123907/aquino-gets-japans-highest-honor-from-imperial-family. 
  41. ↑ 刑部芳則 (2017) (in ja). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼. 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 143. http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf. 
  42. ↑ (in en) Pakistan Affairs. Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan.. 1959. https://books.google.com/books?id=h1E8AQAAIAAJ&dq=hirohito+pakistan&pg=PP177. 

Sources[]

External links[]

Japanese honors system
Current honors and orders
Former honors and orders


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