Operation Support Hope was a 1994 United States military effort to provide immediate relief for the refugees of the Rwandan Genocide and allow a smooth transition to a full United Nations humanitarian management program. The inhabitants of the camp consisted of approximately two million Hutus, participants in the genocide, and the bystanders, who had fled in anticipation of Tutsi retaliation. On July 22, 1994 President Clinton announced Operation Support Hope.[1] Two days later, American joint task forces were airlifted to Goma, Zaire; Kigali, Rwanda; Entebbe, Uganda; and Mombasa, Kenya. US Air Force liaison officers were assigned to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)'s air operations cell in Geneva and assigned to joint logistics cells and civil-military operations centers in the field.
The joint task force was headquartered in Entebbe, with the role of providing a cargo airlift to supplement United Nations efforts. The United States Army almost immediately set up a major water supply system at the refugee camp in Goma and helped bury the dead. Relief supplies were flown from Europe directly to African locations by C-5 and C-141 cargo jets, which then ferried to Mombasa due to scarcity of fuel in the African interior, and then returned to Europe. Due to limited ramp space, some aircraft were forced into holding patterns; their fuel requirements were met by KC-10 tanker aircraft based at Harare, Zimbabwe.
During the peak of Operation Support Hope in late August, the United States had 2350 service members deployed. About 15,000 tons of humanitarian supplies were delivered by 1200 airlift sorties, about 60% of the total airlift tonnage.[citation needed]
On August 14, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) requested that all agencies stop airlifting food to Goma. The operation continued supporting other locations in Rwanda. By presidential order, it ceased on September 27[1] and the last C-5 involved in the airlift left Entebbe on September 29.
One noteworthy accomplishment was a C-5 that flew a 22-hour flight nonstop from Travis Air Force Base, California to Goma to deliver a water supply system, supported by 3 aerial refuelings.[2]
As part of Operation Support Hope, the American defense contractor Halliburton earned $6.3million through its engineering and construction subsidiary Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR).[3]
The operation's code name, Support Hope, has been criticized as uninspiring, along with a number of recent code names picked from a computer-generated list.[4]
See also[]
- Operation Restore Hope, a humanitarian mission to Somalia in 1992.
- Great Lakes refugee crisis
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Operation Support Hope". GlobalSecurity.org. 2005-04-27. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/support_hope.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ↑ http://www.atalink.org/atq/ATQ_Summer_2004.pdf
- ↑ "Book extract: The Halliburton Agenda by Dan Briody". The Guardian (London). 2004-07-22. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2004/jul/22/usa.politics. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ↑ "Code Names For U.S. Military Maneuvers Need An `Operation'". Seattle Times Newspaper. 2004-12-11. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19941211&slug=1946512. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
The original article can be found at Operation Support Hope and the edit history here.