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Operation Dawn 10

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Operation Dawn 10
Part of the Iran–Iraq War
Date15 March 1988
LocationSulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Result Iranian victory
Territorial
changes		 Iran captured 1,200 square kilometres of Iraqi territory, including 3 towns and 100+ villages
Belligerents
 Ba'athist Iraq Iran Iran
Supported by:
Iraqi Kurdistan Peshmerga
Commanders and leaders
Ba'athist Iraq Saddam Hussein
Ba'athist Iraq Kokeb Mohammad Amin
Ba'athist Iraq Abdul-Wahid Shannan ar-Ribat
Ba'athist Iraq Hisham Fakhri		 Iran Ayatollah Khomeni
Iran Mohsen Rezaee
Iran Ali Sayad Shirazi
Iran Ali Shamkhani
Iran Yahya Rahim Safavi
Iraqi Kurdistan Masoud Barzani
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
10,000+ killed or wounded
5,440 captured
270 tanks destroyed[1][2]		 3,000+ killed[3]

Pre-war incidents

Iraqi invasion of Iran (1980)

Stalemate (1981)

Iranian offensives to free Iranian territory (1981–82)

Iranian offensives in Iraq (1982–84)

Iranian offensives in Iraq (1985–87)

Final stages (1988)

Tanker War

International incidents


Operation Dawn-10 or Walfajr-10[4] (Persian: عملیات والفجر ۱۰) was an offensive operation launched by Iran against Iraq on March 15, 1988, near the end of the Iran–Iraq War. Led by the Pasdaran and supported by some regular army forces, the five-phase operation marked a shift in Iranian focus from southern to northern Iraq.[4]

The battle[]

Launched with the code of "Ya Rasūl Allāh (s)" (Persian: (یا رسول الله (ص)[5] (likewise "Ya Muhammad ibn Abdullah"),[6][7][1] Operation Dawn-10[8][9] was executed on the west heights overlooking Darbandikhan Lake in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Iraq[5] with the operational goal of preparing a full-on assault on the Darbandikhan Dam.[10][11] Iranian forces quickly encircled their main objectives with ease, and the Iraqis did not have the time to reinforce the threatened area. The siege caught them by surprise, as they were expecting an attack from the southern front, from where Iran mainly operated. Roughly 10,000 Iraqi troops were killed or wounded,[1] while some 5,440 more were captured.[1][12] Iraq also lost hundreds of tanks, armoured vehicles, and equipment[13] whereas Iran sustained many fewer losses.[14]

Aftermath[]

Overall, the operation led to the capture of three towns[5] and around 100 villages[15] in the 1,200-square-kilometer operational area,[16] including Halabja, Kharmal, Biareh, and Tawileh. Iran also claimed that the town of Nosud was retaken from Iraqi forces. The offensive forced Iraq to divert important divisions from the south to the northern Iraqi mountains, disrupting the overall war effort.

To punish Kurds involved in the battle, Saddam ordered the Iraqi military to chemically bombard Halabja the next day, killing thousands of civilians and destroying the town.[17]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Shahid Qahreman Mahdi-Zadeh -- Operation Dawn-10". dana.ir. http://www.dana.ir/news/1058144.html/%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86--%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF--%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7-%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA. 
  2. ↑ "Operation Dawn-10 (Halahbja)". ashoora.ir. http://www.ashoora.ir/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7/1382-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-10-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87.html. 
  3. ↑ "عمليات والفجر 10 ؛ غربت يك حماسه در سايه يك فاجعه هولناك انساني - خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency". https://www.mehrnews.com/news/297655/عمليات-والفجر-10-غربت-يك-حماسه-در-سايه-يك-فاجعه-هولناك-انساني/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Operation Walfajr 10 (Dawn 10)". portal.anhar.ir. http://portal.anhar.ir/node/10162#gsc.tab=0. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "WalFajr-10 operation -- Halabja liberation and chemical attacks by the Iraqi Ba'ath regime". irna.ir. 17 March 2018. https://www.irna.ir/news/82865001/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B110-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82. 
  6. ↑ "Liberation -- Operation Walfajr-10 (Dawn-10)". iqna.ir. http://iqna.ir/fa/news/3700355. 
  7. ↑ "Holy Defense, operation Walfajr-10". defamoghaddas.ir. http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/fight/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-10. 
  8. ↑ "Untold words from "Operation Walfajr-10"". tabnak.ir. https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/575051/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-10. 
  9. ↑ "Documentary of operation dawn 10 (Walfajr-10)". aparat.com. https://www.aparat.com/v/1OTyv/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1_10. 
  10. ↑ "عملیات والفجر 10". http://pmrk.ir/amalyatha/2.html. 
  11. ↑ "عملیات والفجر 10 (حلبچه)". http://www.ashoora.ir/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7/1382-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-10-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87.html. 
  12. ↑ "Operation Dawn-10 (Halahbja)". ashoora.ir. http://www.ashoora.ir/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7/1382-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-10-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87.html. 
  13. ↑ "گزارش عملیات والفجر 10". http://www.negineiran.ir/article_3157_10.html. 
  14. ↑ "عمليات والفجر 10 ؛ غربت يك حماسه در سايه يك فاجعه هولناك انساني - خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency". https://www.mehrnews.com/news/297655/عمليات-والفجر-10-غربت-يك-حماسه-در-سايه-يك-فاجعه-هولناك-انساني/. 
  15. ↑ "Halabja conquest, Operation Walfajr-10 (Dawn-10)". defapress.ir. http://defapress.ir/fa/news/338260/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-10-%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82. 
  16. ↑ "Walfajr-10 Operation". roshd.ir. http://daneshnameh.roshd.ir/mavara/mavara-index.php?page=%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa+%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%ac%d8%b1+10&SSOReturnPage=Check&Rand=0. 
  17. ↑ "عملیات والفجر10؛آزادسازی حلبچه و حملات شیمیایی رژیم بعث عراق". 17 March 2018. https://www.irna.ir/news/82865001/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B110-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82. 
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