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National Security Council
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government)
Committee overview
Formed 12 May 2010
Committee executive
  • Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister
    (Chair)
  • Sir Tim Barrow, National Security Adviser
    (Secretary)
Parent department Cabinet Office
Website National Security Council

The Foreign Policy and Security Council, formerly the National Security Council (NSC) of the United Kingdom is a Cabinet Committee.[1]

The NSC's terms of reference was said in November 2020 to consider matters relating to national security, foreign policy, defence, international relations and development, resilience, energy and resource security,[1] however it has been since noted that Prime Minister Boris Johnson has agreed new terms of reference.[2]

History[]

The National Security Council was established on 12 May 2010 by former Prime Minister David Cameron.[3] The NSC formalised national security decision making, which had previously been carried out in informal groups largely composed of officials.[4] It increased the Powers of the prime minister of the United Kingdom, who chairs the Council, and brought senior Cabinet ministers into national security policy making, giving them access to the highest levels of intelligence.[4] It coordinates responses to threats faced by the United Kingdom and integrates at the highest level the work of relevant government entities with respect to national security.[5] The council reflected the central coordination of national security issues seen in the Committee of Imperial Defence,[6] which operated from 1902 until 1947, while also being partly modelled on the United States National Security Council.[4]

The first National Security Adviser was also appointed on 12 May 2010.[3] They act as the council's secretary.[7] The incumbent NSA is Stephen Lovegrove.[7]

From 1 April 2015 the council oversaw the newly created Conflict, Stability and Security Fund, a fund of more than £1 billion per year for tackling conflict and instability abroad.[8] Following a critical inquiry into the fund by the Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy in 2016,[8] where the committee stated that the fund was secretive and "There is a risk that the CSSF is being used as a ‘slush fund’ [for projects that do not] meet the needs of UK national security", fund spending at the country level was disclosed and an annual report produced.[9]

In April 2019, an inquiry, which could lead to criminal proceedings, was announced into the leaking to the Daily Telegraph of a decision by the NSC to allow Huawei to bid for 'non-core' elements of the construction of the prospective 5G network.[10]

In the early months of Johnson's premiership, several sub-committees of the NSC ceased to exist.[11] Additionally, the NSC met weekly during the ministries of David Cameron and Theresa May, but didn't meet at all between January and May 2020, under Boris Johnson.[12] Johnson has since confirmed that he will chair a NSC meeting at least once per month and more frequently if circumstances dictate.[2] Johnson's non-use of the NSC has been criticised.[13]

In September 2022, the National Security Council was renamed as the Foreign Policy and Security Council (FPSC).[14]The NSC has returned as of October 2022.[15][16]

Membership[]

As of November 2023, the National Security Council's membership is as follows:[2][17]

Image Member Office(s)
Official Portrait of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak (cropped) Rishi Sunak (Chair) Prime Minister
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Minister for the Union
Official portrait of Rt Hon Oliver Dowden MP crop 2 Oliver Dowden Deputy Prime Minister
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Official portrait of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt, 2022 (cropped) Jeremy Hunt Chancellor of the Exchequer
Prime Minister David Cameron - official photograph (8947770804) (cropped) David Cameron Foreign Secretary
Official portrait of Rt Hon James Cleverly MP crop 2 James Cleverly Home Secretary
Grant Shapps Official Cabinet Portrait, October 2022 (cropped) Grant Shapps Defence Secretary
Official portrait of Victoria Prentis MP crop 2 Victoria Prentis Attorney General for England and Wales
Advocate General for Northern Ireland
Official portrait of Tom Tugendhat crop 2 Tom Tugendhat Minister of State for Security

Other ministers and senior officials attend the NSC and NSM where applicable.[2] These other figures have been noted to include the Chief of the Defence Staff (not the individual chiefs of each service),[18][11] the heads of intelligence agencies[11] and the Leader of the Opposition.[citation needed] Stakeholders including the devolved governments, local authorities and external experts are also consulted in preparation for meetings.[2] This may not be so as of September 2022.

Council Subcommittees[]

There were until November 2019, several sub-committees in the NSC after which, they ceased to exist.[19] Only the Nuclear Deterrence and Security sub-committee was re-constituted as of 29 June 2020.[20]

Current Subcommittees[]

Foreign Policy and Security Council sub-Committee: Nuclear Deterrence and Security[]

The terms of reference of the National Security Council (Nuclear Deterrence and Security) is to consider issues relating to nuclear deterrence and security.[1] As of 3 November 2022, its membership is as follows:[21]

Office(s)
Prime Minister (Chair)
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor, and Secretary of State for Justice
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
Secretary of State for the Home Department
Secretary of State for Defence
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

National Security Council sub-Committee: Europe[]

The terms of reference of the National Security Council (Europe)' is to consider issues relating to consider matters of foreign policy and trade in relation to Europe. Where matters relate to Northern Ireland, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland would attend. As of 3 November 2022, its membership is as follows:[21]

Office(s)
Prime Minister (Chair)
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor, and Secretary of State for Justice
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (Deputy Chair)
Attorney General
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

National Science and Technology Council[]

The terms of reference of the National Science and Technology Council' is to consider issues relating to consider matters relating to strategic advantage through science and technology. As of 3 November 2022, its membership is as follows:[21]

Office(s)
Prime Minister (Chair)
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor, and Secretary of State for Justice
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
Secretary of State for the Home Department
Secretary of State for Defence
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (Deputy Chair)
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
Secretary of State for International Trade, and President of the Board of Trade, and Minister for Women and Equalities
Secretary of State for Education
Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
Minister for Science, Research and Innovation

Past Subcommittees[]

Threats, Hazards, Resilience and Contingencies Subcommittee[]

The Threats, Hazards, Resilience and Contingencies Subcommittee was a subcommittee of the National Security Council with the terms of references to consider issues relating to terrorism and other security threats, hazards, resilience and intelligence policy and the performance and resources of the security and intelligence agencies; and report as necessary to the National Security Council.[22]

Office(s)
Minister for the Cabinet Office (Chair)
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Home Secretary
Foreign Secretary
First Secretary of State
Defence Secretary
Secretary of State for Justice
Secretary of State for Education
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care
Secretary of State for Transport
Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Secretary of State for International Development
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport

Strategic Defence and Security Review Implementation Subcommittee[]

The Strategic Defence and Security Review Implementation Subcommittee was a subcommittee of the National Security Council with the terms of references to consider matters relating to implementation of the Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) and National Security Strategy.[22][dead link]


Office(s)
Chancellor of the Exchequer (Chair)
Minister for the Cabinet Office
Home Secretary
Foreign Secretary
Secretary of State for Defence
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
Secretary of State for International Development
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport

Cross-Government Funds Subcommittee[]

The Cross-Government Funds Subcommittee was a subcommittee of the National Security Council with the terms of references to provide strategic direction to the Conflict, Stability and Security Fund and the Prosperity Fund.[22][dead link]


Office(s)
Minister for the Cabinet Office (Chair)
Home Secretary
Foreign Secretary
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
Secretary of State for International Trade
Secretary of State for International Development
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
Chief Secretary to the Treasury

National Security Secretariat[]

The size and shape of the National Security Secretariat (NSS) and its senior leadership has fluctuated since its inception in May 2010. From July 2010, there were two Deputy National Security Advisers (DNSAs): Julian Miller for Foreign & Defence Policy and Oliver Robbins for Intelligence, Security & Resilience.[23] By March 2013, Hugh Powell - previously a National Security Secretariat Director - had been promoted to a newly created third DNSA position.[24] As of 6 November 2014, there were three DNSAs: Hugh Powell as DNSA (Foreign Policy), Julian Miller as DNSA (Defence, Nuclear and Strategy) and Paddy McGuinness as DNSA (Intelligence, Security & Resilience).[25] As of early December 2014, the National Security Secretariat was staffed by 180 officials[26] and comprises five directorates: Foreign & Defence Policy; the Civil Contingencies Secretariat; Security & Intelligence; the Office of Cyber Security and Information Assurance, and UK Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT UK).[25] As of 10 February 2015, Liane Saunders - previously the National Security Secretariat's Director for Foreign Policy and its Afghanistan/Pakistan Coordinator - was described as an Acting Deputy National Security Adviser (Conflict, Stability and Foreign Policy).[27]

On 16 June 2016, the Cabinet Office released staff data, correct as of 31 March 2016, listing two current Deputy National Security Advisers: Paddy McGuinness (responsible for Intelligence, Security and Resilience) and then Brigadier Gwyn Jenkins (responsible for Conflict, Stability & Defence).[28] Jenkins appeared to have been in post since at least June 2015.[29] Prior to becoming a deputy National Security Adviser, Jenkins was the military assistant to prime minister David Cameron.[30]

As of April 2017, it was announced that a diplomat, Dr. Christian Turner CMG, had replaced Jenkins as the second Deputy National Security Adviser, with a portfolio comprising 'foreign and defence policy.'[31] According to one of Turner's tweets, dated 13 April 2017, his first week as Deputy National Security Adviser was the week commencing Monday 10 April 2017.[32] Turner is now the High Commissioner to Pakistan.[33] Turner was replaced by David Quarrey in July 2019.[34]

It was reported on 14 January 2018 that Paddy McGuinness was leaving the national security secretariat.[35] His successor as deputy national security adviser for intelligence, security and resilience, Richard Moore, announced his appointment on 8 January via his personal Twitter account.[36] Moore’s tenure as deputy NSA was relatively brief (circa three months), ending in early April when he returned to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office as Political Director, a move he also announced via Twitter on 8 April.[37] Although unconfirmed publicly by the UK government, Madeleine Alessandri had replaced Moore as the second deputy national security adviser.[38] However, in September 2018, Alessandri's name and appointment was mentioned in a government response to the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament and a list of government salaries.[39][40] Alessandri apparently took up her appointment in July 2018.[41] Alessandri has left her Deputy NSA post to work in the Northern Ireland Office in January 2020.[42] Alessandri has been replaced by Beth Sizeland[43] while Alex Ellis has also been added as a deputy with the title 'Deputy National Security Adviser for the Integrated Review on diplomacy, development and defence'.[44] Sizeland's appointment was confirmed in an oral evidence by Mark Sedwill, however, as of 25 May 2020, her appointment has not been updated on the Cabinet Office website.[45]

As of October 2020, Quarrey has taken over the post of acting NSA while David Frost remains Chief Negotiator for the EU talks.[46] On 29 January 2021, it was announced that Stephen Lovegrove, not Lord Frost, would be appointed as National Security Adviser.[47] In April 2022, Quarrey was appointed as the UK's Permanent Representative to NATO.[48][49] He was succeeded by Sarah Macintosh. Beth Sizeland was succeeded by Matthew Collins at an unknown date and the title was retitled as Deputy National Security Adviser (Intelligence, Defence and Security).[50]

See also[]

References[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "List of Cabinet Committees and their membership". 19 November 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-cabinet-committees-system-and-list-of-cabinet-committees. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lovegrove, Stephen (12 July 2021). "Supplementary written evidence submitted by Sir Stephen Lovegrove, National Security Adviser". https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/37957/pdf/. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 Devanny, Joe; Harris, Josh. "The National Security Council: National security at the centre of government". p. 6. https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/NSC%20final_0.pdf. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Snell, Arthur (27 April 2019). "David Cameron made the Huawei leak possible". https://www.politico.eu/article/david-cameron-made-the-huawei-leak-possible-national-security. 
  5. "Press Notice: Establishment of a National Security Council". Prime Minister's Office. 12 May 2010. http://number10.gov.uk/news/establishment-of-a-national-security-council/. 
  6. Dr Joe Devanny & Josh Harris (2014-11-04). "The National Security Council: national security at the centre of government". Institute for Government & King's College London. http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications/national-security-council. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 "Sir Stephen Lovegrove". https://www.gov.uk/government/people/stephen-lovegrove. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 "Conflict, Stability and Security Fund inquiry launched". Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy. UK Parliament. 26 May 2016. https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/joint-select/national-security-strategy/news-parliament-2015/cssf-launch-16-17/. 
  9. Travis, Alan (6 March 2017). "Amber Rudd asked to reveal where secret £1bn conflict fund is spent". https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/mar/06/amber-rudd-secret-billion-pound-conflict-stability-security-fund. 
  10. "Huawei row: Inquiry to be held into National Security Council leak". BBC News. 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48059724. 
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 "FOI Reference:FOI328864". 11 November 2019. https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/615085/response/1465772/attach/3/FOI328864%20REPLY.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1. "At present the sub committees Nuclear Deterrence and Security Subcommittee, Threats, Hazards, Resilience and Contingencies Subcommittee, Strategic Defence and Security Review Implementation Subcommittee, and Cross-Government Funds Subcommittee do not exist" 
  12. Sabbagh, Dan (12 May 2020). "UK national security council has not met since January". https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/may/12/uk-national-security-council-has-not-met-since-january. 
  13. Parker, Celia G (7 September 2020). "National Security Council: why it would be unwise for Johnson to reduce its role". https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/national-security-council-johnson. 
  14. "List of Cabinet Committees and their membership Updated 23 September 2022". UK Cabinet Office. 23 September 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-cabinet-committees-system-and-list-of-cabinet-committees/list-of-cabinet-committees-and-their-membership. 
  15. "Foreign Policy and Security Council: National Security Council". UK hansard. 1 November 2022. https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2022-10-24/69646. "Following a short change of title to Foreign Policy and Security Council, the National Security Council has been re-established and meets regularly." 
  16. "List of Cabinet Committees". Cabinet Office. 3 November 2022. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1115314/November_2022_Cabinet_Committee_List.pdf. 
  17. "List of Cabinet Committees and their membership" (in en). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-cabinet-committees-system-and-list-of-cabinet-committees/list-of-cabinet-committees-and-their-membership. 
  18. "House of Commons - Decision-making in Defence Policy - Defence". https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmdfence/682/68207.htm#a8. 
  19. "FOI Reference:FOI328864". 11 November 2019. https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/615085/response/1465772/attach/3/FOI328864%20REPLY.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1. "At present the sub committees Nuclear Deterrence and Security Subcommittee, Threats, Hazards, Resilience and Contingencies Subcommittee, Strategic Defence and Security Review Implementation Subcommittee, and Cross-Government Funds Subcommittee do not exist" 
  20. "List of Cabinet Committees and their membership as at 29 June 2020". Cabinet Office. 29 June 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/896093/Cabinet_Committee_list_and_public_ToRs.pdf. 
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MembershipNov2022
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 [1] Archived 2018-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. UK Cabinet Committees Membership[dead link]
  23. "Cabinet Office Structure Charts, page 12". Cabinet Office HM Government. May 2014. http://download.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/organogram/co-organogram.pdf. 
  24. "Cabinet Office staff and salary data – senior posts as at 31 March 2013". https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cabinet-office-staff-and-salary-data-as-at-31-march-2013. 
  25. 25.0 25.1 Dr Joe Devanny & Josh Harris (2014-11-04). "The National Security Council: national security at the centre of government". Institute for Government & King's College London. http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications/national-security-council. 
  26. "National Security Council:Written question - 215980". http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2014-11-25/215980/. 
  27. Sophia Adhami. "Security and Diversity". Cabinet Office. https://securityprofession.blog.gov.uk/2015/02/10/security-and-diversity/. 
  28. "Cabinet Office staff and salary data: senior posts as at 31 March 2016". Cabinet Office. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/529110/co_staff_and_salary_senior_data_march2016.csv/preview. 
  29. "KRG Deputy PM meets UK officials". Kurdistan Regional Government. http://uk.gov.krd/articles/detail.aspx?lngnr=12&anr=37246. 
  30. "Letter from the Military Assistant". Prime Minister's Office. http://www.550squadronassociation.org.uk/images/Reunion-2014/SamLipfriend-DowningStreetLetter.pdf. 
  31. "Dr Christian Turner". Cabinet Office. https://www.gov.uk/government/people/christian-turner. 
  32. @CTurnerFCO. "A busy first week as Deputy National Security Adviser; farewell to @LyallGrant looking forward to working with @marksedwill". Twitter. https://twitter.com/CTurnerFCO/status/852614206067269633. 
  33. "Dr Christian Turner". British High Commission, Islamabad. 11 December 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/people/christian-turner. "British High Commissioner Designate to Pakistan: Dr Christian Turner CMG" 
  34. "David Quarrey". gov.uk. 11 December 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/people/david-quarrey. "Prime Minister’s International Affairs Adviser and Deputy National Security Adviser David Quarrey CMG" 
  35. Richard Kerbaj (14 January 2018). "British security chief to advise Qatar on World Cup security". The Times. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/spy-chief-to-advise-qatar-on-world-cup-security-qc37p7lnp. 
  36. @UKPolDirRichard (8 January 2018). "Excited to be starting my new job as DNSA today. "Allah utandırmasın" as the Turks say - meaning roughly "Let him not mess it up".". Twitter. https://twitter.com/UKPolDirRichard/status/950280686673518592. 
  37. @UKPolDirRichard (8 April 2018). "Thrilled & honoured to be starting as U.K. Political Director in @foreignoffice tomorrow. Much to learn, much to do. Looking forward to it.". Twitter. https://twitter.com/UKPolDirRichard/status/983069967993200642. 
  38. "Investigators in hazmat suits enter Novichok victim's home". Press Association. 6 July 2018. https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/investigators-in-hazmat-suits-enter-novichok-victim%E2%80%99s-home/ar-AAzFmsT. 
  39. "Government Response to Report on Diversity and Inclusion in the UK Intelligence Community". Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament. 13 September 2018. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/740655/CCS207_CCS0818374798-001_Report_on_the_Diversity_and_Inclusion_PRINT.pdf. 
  40. "UK Cabinet Office Organogram - Senior CSV data". Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament. 7 December 2018. https://data.gov.uk/sites/default/files/organogram/cabinet-office/30/9/2018/2018-09-30%20CO%20Template%20FINAL-senior.csv. 
  41. "Madeleine Alessandri Deputy National Security Adviser, National Security Secretariat, UK Cabinet Office". ambitionexpouk. 6 March 2019. https://www.ambitionexpouk.com/speakers/madeleine-alessandri. 
  42. "Appointment of Permanent Secretary at the Northern Ireland Office". Cabinet Office and Northern Ireland Office. London. 7 January 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/appointment-of-permanent-secretary-at-the-northern-ireland-office. 
  43. "New Deputy National Security Adviser". Whatdotheyknow. 27 April 2020. https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/659208/response/1564200/attach/3/FOI2020%2003920%20draft%20REPLY.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1. "Beth Sizeland is now Deputy National Security Adviser and Prime Minister's Adviser on National Resilience and Security" 
  44. "Deputy National Security Adviser Alex Ellis". Cabinet Office. 15 April 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/people/alex-ellis. "lex Ellis started as Deputy National Security Adviser for the Integrated Review on diplomacy, development and defence in January 2020." 
  45. "Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee inquiry The Work of the Cabinet Office Oral Evidence 10 March 2020". Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee. 10 March 2020. https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/164/default/. "There is a deputy who is the Prime Minister’s Resilience and Security Adviser..Beth Sizeland, who has just been appointed" 
  46. "Deputy National Security Advisers". Whatdotheyknow. 23 October 2020. https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/695574/response/1663299/attach/3/FOI2020%2013631%20REPLY.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1. "David Frost remains Chief Negotiator for the EU talks and those negotiations will remain his top single priority until they have concluded, one way or another. Therefore, the Prime Minister agreed that David Quarrey should become Acting NSA" 
  47. "International Affairs Appointments in No.10 and Cabinet Office". Number 10 Downing Street. London, UK. 29 January 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/international-affairs-appointments-in-no10-and-cabinet-office. 
  48. "Prime Minister appoints Mr David Quarrey CMG as the UK’s new Permanent Representative to NATO". Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office. London. 4 April 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-appoints-mr-david-quarrey-cmg-as-the-uks-new-permanent-representative-to-nato. 
  49. "David Quarrey CMG". gov.uk. 4 May 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/people/david-quarrey. "David served as the Prime Minister’s adviser on International Affairs and Deputy National Security Adviser from 2019 to 2022." 
  50. "Integrated Review Annual Report". UK Hansard. 21 June 2022. https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/23005/documents/168505/default/. "Finally, I am pleased to tell you that Sarah MacIntosh has been appointed as Deputy National Security Adviser (International Affairs) and Matthew Collins has been appointed as Deputy National Security Adviser (Intelligence, Defence and Security)." 

External links[]

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