Mitsubishi Ki-51

Ki-51
Mitsubishi Ki-51
Role	Type 99 Attacker
Manufacturer	Mitsubishi
First flight	mid-1939
Primary user	Imperial Japanese Army Air Force
Number built	2385

The Mitsubishi Ki-51 (Army designation "Type 99 Assault Plane". Allied nickname "Sonia") was a light bomber/dive bomber in service with the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. It first flew in mid-1939. Initially deployed against Chinese forces, it proved to be too slow to hold up against the fighter aircraft of the other Allied powers. However, it performed a useful ground-attack role in the China-Burma-India theater, notably from airfields too rough for many other aircraft. As the war drew to a close, they began to be used in kamikaze attacks. Total production was around 2,385 units. On the day Hiroshima was destroyed by an atomic bomb, two Ki-51s scored the last Japanese victory against US submarines, and of which is confirmed as the 52nd USN submarine lost during the war; essentially, she would have been second to last, as USS Halibut (SS-232) was irreparably damaged in action months before Bullhead was lost, and was decommissioned in early 1945. Two depth charges hit USS Bullhead (SS-332), in which she later exploded and sank with all hands. Charles Lindbergh, flying a P-38 Lightning shot down a Ki-51 after a vigorous dogfight in which the much slower Ki-51 utilized its low speed maneuverability and made a fight of it.

Versions

• Prototypes: 2 built
• Service trials: 11 built
• Ki-51: 2,372 built (Manufacturers: Mitsubishi (1,462), Tachikawa Army Air Arsenal (913))
• Mansyu Ki-71: 3 protoypes of a tactical reconnaissance variant built by Mansyu with a retractable landing gear, did not enter production.

Operators

Japan

• Imperial Japanese Army Air Force

Indonesia

• Indonesian Air Force - In 1945, Indonesian People's Security Force (IPSF) (Indonesian anti-Dutch Militia)

captured a small number of aircraft at numerous Japanese air bases, including Bugis Air Base in Malang (repatriated 18 September 1945). Most aircraft were destroyed in military conflicts between the Netherlands and the newly proclaimed-Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution of 1945-1949.

China

• Communist Chinese (captured): The last 4 Ki-51s retired in 1953.

Specifications (Ki-51)

Mitsubishi Ki-51 planes at the Seoul airport, 1945

Data from Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War

General characteristics

• Crew: Two
• Length: 9.21 m (30 ft 2⅝ in)
• Wingspan: 12.1 m (39 ft 8⅜ in)
• Height: 2.73 m (8 ft 11½ in)
• Wing area: 24.0 m² (259 ft²)
• Empty weight: 1,873 kg (4,129 lb)
• Loaded weight: 2,798 kg (6,169 lb)
• Max. takeoff weight: 2,920 kg (6,415 lb)
• Powerplant: 1 × Mitsubishi Ha-26-II 14 cylinder air cooled radial engine, 709 kW (950 hp)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 424 km/h at 3 000 m (229 kn, 263 mph at 9,840 ft)
• Range: 1,060 km (574 nmi, 660 mi)
• Service ceiling: 8,270 m (27,130 ft)
• Wing loading: 117 kg/m² (23.8 lb/ft²)
• Power/mass: 0.24 kW/kg (0.15 hp/lb)
  
• Climb to 5,000 m (16,400 ft): 9 min 55 sec

Armament

• Guns:
  
  • 2× fixed, forward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) Type 89 machine guns (replaced with 2× 12.7 mm (.5 in) Ho-103 machine guns in later models)
  • 1× 7.7 mm (.303 in) Te-4 Machine gun rearward-firing machine gun.
• Bombs: 200 kg (441 lb) bombs (normal operations); 250 kg (551 lb) for suicide operations

See also

• Junkers Ju 87
• List of military aircraft of Japan

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Francillon, Ph.D., René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1970. ISBN 0-370-00033-1 (2nd edition 1979, ISBN 0-370-30251-6).

External links

• Mitsubishi Ki 51 Sonia at Warbirds Resource Group
• Mitsubishi Ki 51 Sonia at Pilotfriend