A period illustration of the Battle of Crécy. English longbowmen figure prominently in the foreground at right where they drive away the French crossbowmen.
A ranged weapon is any weapon that can harm targets at distances greater than hand-to-hand distance. In contrast, a weapon intended to be used in man-to-man combat is called a melee weapon. Ranged weapons give the attacker an advantage in combat since the target has less time to react and defend. It also provides a safer combat option since melee combat often becomes a life or death struggle where each member has a high probability of dying.
Early ranged weapons include thrown weapons such as javelins, slings, darts, the bow and arrow, and medieval siege engines like stone throwers, catapults, ballistas and trebuchets. These ranged weapons were extremely effective in combat in comparison to close-combat weapons, as they gave the wielder opportunity to launch multiple projectiles before an enemy armed with melee weapons or shorter ranged missile weapon posed a threat to him. Siege engines were also used for passing or hitting obstacles like fortifications.
After the invention of gunpowder and the development of firearms, ranged weapons became the weapon of choice. In modern warfare, ranged weaponry is used in the form of cruise and ballistic missiles. Maximum effective range of a weapon is the greatest distance fired and able to produce casualties or damage consistently.
List of missile weapons[]
Pre-modern missile weapons[]
Trebuchet at Château des Baux, France.
Reconstruction of a post-Marian pilum
- Atlatl
- Bagakay
- Banda
- Ballista
- Blowgun
- Bolas
- Boomerang
- Bow
- Catapult
- Chakram
- Crossbow
- Dart
- Hunga Munga
- Javelin
- Kestros
- Knobkierrie
- Mbanja
- Nzappa zap
- Rungu
- Shuriken
- Sling
- Slingshot
- Spear
- Swiss arrow
- Throwing axe
- Throwing knife
- Throwing stick
- Trebuchet
- Woomera
Modern missile weapons[]
155 mm M198 howitzer
Exocet missile in flight
- Air-to-air missile
- Air-to-surface missile
- Anti-ballistic missile
- Anti-satellite weapon
- Anti-ship missile
- Anti-submarine rocket
- Anti-tank guided missile
- Ballistic missile
- Cruise missile
- Cannon
- Grenade launcher
- Gun
- Mortar
- Rocket artillery
- Surface-to-air missile
- Surface-to-surface missile
See also[]
- Projectile
- Trajectory of a projectile
- Siege engine
- List of artillery
- List of missiles
- List of missiles by nation
References[]
Further reading[]
- Gray, David (2002) Bows of the World. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-478-6
- (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 1. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-085-3.
- (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-086-1.
- (1994) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 3. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-087-X.
- The ballistics of the sling, Thom Richardson, Royal Armouries Yearbook, Volume 3 1998.
External links[]
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- Short Bows and Long Bows: Scaling effects in archery
- Sling Weapons The Evolution of Sling Weapons
- The Sling - Ancient Weapon
- Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege (building of and history of trebuchets), from the NOVA website
- Modern and Civil War Era Cannon Information
The original article can be found at Ranged weapon and the edit history here.