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Melvin Van Peebles

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Melvin Van Peebles
Van Peebles in 2015
Personal details
Born
Melvin Peebles

(1932-08-21)August 21, 1932
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died September 21, 2021(2021-09-21) (aged 89)
New York City, U.S.
Spouse Maria Marx
Children Mario Van Peebles, Megan Van Peebles, Max Van Peebles, Marguerite Van Peebles
Occupation
  • Actor
  • director
  • screenwriter
  • playwright
  • composer

Melvin Van Peebles (born Melvin Peebles; August 21, 1932 – September 21, 2021) was an American actor, filmmaker, playwright, novelist, and composer. He worked as an active filmmaker into the 2000s. His feature film debut, The Story of a Three-Day Pass (1967), was based on his own French-language novel La Permission and was shot in France, as it was difficult for a black American director to get work at the time. The film won an award at the San Francisco International Film Festival which gained him the interest of Hollywood studios, leading to his American feature debut Watermelon Man, in 1970. Eschewing further overtures from Hollywood, he used the successes he had so far to bankroll his work as an independent filmmaker.

In 1971, he released his best-known work, creating and starring in the film Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, considered one of the earliest and best-regarded examples of the blaxploitation genre. He followed this up with the musical, Don't Play Us Cheap, based on his own stage play, and continued to make films, write novels and stage plays in English and in French through the next several decades; his final films include the French-language film Le Conte du ventre plein (2000) and the absurdist film Confessionsofa Ex-Doofus-ItchyFooted Mutha (2008). His son, filmmaker and actor Mario Van Peebles, appeared in several of his works and portrayed him in the 2003 biographical film Baadasssss!.

Early life and education[]

Born Melvin Peebles,[1] in Chicago, Illinois, he was the son of Edwin Griffin and Marion Peebles.[2] His father was a tailor. In 1953,[3] Melvin graduated with a B.A. in literature from Ohio Wesleyan University and, thirteen days later, joined the Air Force, serving for three and a half years.[4] He added "Van" to his name when he lived in the Netherlands in his late 20s.[5]

Career[]

Early years[]

He worked as a cable car gripman in San Francisco.[4] Later, he wrote about these experiences. His first book, The Big Heart, credited to Melvin Van, evolved from a small article and a series of photographs taken by Ruth Bernhard.[4]

According to Van Peebles, a passenger suggested that he should become a filmmaker. Van Peebles shot his first short film, Pickup Men for Herrick in 1957, and made two more short films during the same period. About these films, Van Peebles said: "I thought they were features. Each one turned out to be eleven minutes long. I was trying to do features. I knew nothing." As he learned more about the filmmaking process, he found out that "I could make a feature for five hundred dollars. That was the cost of 90 minutes of film. I didn't know a thing about shooting a film sixteen to one or ten to one or none of that shit. Then I forgot you had to develop film. And I didn't know you needed a work print. All I can say is that after I did one thing he would say, 'Well, aren't you gonna put sound on it?' and I would go, 'Oh shit!' That's all I could say."[4]

After Van Peebles completed his first short films, he took them with him to Hollywood to try to find work, but was unable to find anyone who wanted to hire him as a director. Van Peebles decided to move his family to the Netherlands where he planned to study astronomy. On the way to Europe, in New York City, he met Amos Vogel, founder of the avant-garde Cinema 16 who agreed to place two of Van Peebles's shorts in his rental catalog.[6] Vogel screened Van Peebles's Three Pickup Men for Herrick at Cinema 16 on a program with City of Jazz in the spring of 1960 with Ralph Ellison leading a post-film discussion.[7] When Vogel went to Paris shortly after, he brought Van Peebles's films to show Henri Langlois and Mary Meerson at the Cinémathèque Française. Meanwhile, in the Netherlands, Van Peebles's marriage dissolved and his wife and children went back to the United States. Shortly thereafter, Van Peebles was invited to Paris probably by Mary Meerson and/or Lotte Eisner, founders of the Cinémathèque Française, on the strength of his short films.[8] In France, Van Peebles created a short film Les Cinq Cent Balles (500 Francs) (1961) and then established himself as a writer. He did investigative reporting for France Observateur during 1963–64, during which he profiled, and later became friends with, Chester Himes. Himes got him a job at the anti-authoritarian humor magazine Hara-kiri, where Van Peebles wrote a monthly column and eventually joined the editorial board.[9]

1965–1970[]

During 1965–66, Mad magazine attempted a French edition and hired Van Peebles as editor-in-chief during its run of only five issues. He began to write plays in French, utilizing the sprechgesang form of songwriting, where the lyrics were spoken over the music. This style carried over to Van Peebles' debut album, Brer Soul.[4]

Van Peebles was a prolific writer in France. He published four novels and a collection of short stories. He completed at least one play, La Fête à Harlem which was also released as a novel, and which he would later make into the musical Don't Play Us Cheap. Roger Blin directed La Fête a Harlem with the Les Griots theatrical troupe for the Festival du jeune théâtre in Leige, Belgium in September 1964.[10] Van Peebles made his first feature-length film, The Story of a Three-Day Pass (La Permission) (1968) based on a novel by the same title. The film caught the attention of Hollywood producers who mistook him for a French auteur after it won an award at the San Francisco International Film Festival as the French entry.[11] Van Peebles's first[citation needed] Hollywood film was the 1970 Columbia Pictures comedy Watermelon Man, written by Herman Raucher. The movie starring Godfrey Cambridge tells the story of a casually racist white man who suddenly wakes up black and finds himself alienated from his friends, family, and job.

1970–1995[]

In 1970 Van Peebles was also to direct filming of the Powder Ridge Rock Festival, which was banned by court injunction.[citation needed] After Watermelon Man, Van Peebles became determined to have complete control over his next production, which became the groundbreaking Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song (1971), privately funded with his own money, and in part by a $50,000 loan from Bill Cosby.[12] Van Peebles not only directed, scripted, and edited the film, but wrote the score and directed the marketing campaign. The film, which in the end grossed $15 million,[13] was, among many others, acclaimed by the Black Panthers for its political resonance with the black struggle. His son Mario's 2003 film BAADASSSSS! tells the story behind the making of Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song; father and son presented the film together as the Closing Night selection for Maryland Film Festival 2004.[citation needed]

Van Peebles wrote the book, music, and lyrics for the stage musical Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death, which opened off-Broadway and then moved to Broadway, running for 325 performances in 1971–72.[14] The show was nominated for seven Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical, and Best Original Score.[15] For his next Broadway musical, Don't Play Us Cheap!, Van Peebles performed the same duties, as well as producing and directing. The show ran for 164 performances in 1972, earning Van Peebles another Tony nomination for Best Book of a Musical.[16] He adapted it into a film in 1973.[14]

In 1977, Van Peebles was one of four credited screenwriters on the film Greased Lightning, about the life of pioneering Black NASCAR driver Wendell Scott. He was originally the director of the film as well, but was replaced by Michael Schultz.[17]

Van Peebles was involved with two more Broadway musicals in the 1980s. He was a co-writer on the book for Reggae, which closed after 21 performances in 1980.[18] For Waltz of the Stork, he wrote book, music, and lyrics, as well as producing the show and playing the lead role. It ran for 160 performances in 1982.[19]

In the 1980s, Van Peebles became an options trader on the American Stock Exchange while continuing to work in theater and film.[20][21]

In 1995, he co-starred in the Tony Randel American live-action version of Japanese manga Fist of the North Star, alongside Gary Daniels, Costas Mandylor, Chris Penn, Isako Washio Malcolm McDowell, Downtown Julie Brown, Dante Basco, Tracey Walter, Clint Howard, Tony Halme, and Big Van Vader.[22]

2005–2009[]

In 2005, Van Peebles was the subject of a documentary entitled How to Eat Your Watermelon in White Company (and Enjoy It). Also in 2005, Van Peebles was the subject of the documentary Unstoppable: Conversation with Melvin Van Peebles, Gordon Parks, and Ossie Davis, which also featured Ossie Davis and Gordon Parks in the same room. It was moderated by Warrington Hudlin.[23]

In 2005, it was announced that Van Peebles would collaborate with Madlib for a proposed double album titled Brer Soul Meets Quasimoto. However, nothing further was issued about this project from the time that it was first announced.[24]

In 2008, Van Peebles completed the film Confessionsofa Ex-Doofus-ItchyFooted Mutha, which was the Closing Night selection for Maryland Film Festival 2008, and appeared on All My Children as Melvin Woods, the father of Samuel Woods, a character portrayed by his son, Mario.[25][26]

In 2009, Van Peebles became involved with a project to adapt Sweet Sweetback into a musical.[27] A preliminary version of this was staged at the Apollo Theater on April 25–26, 2009. As well, he wrote and performed in a stage musical, Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies, which featured some of his previous songs as well as some new material.[28]

2011–2019[]

In 2011, Van Peebles started doing shows in NYC with members of Burnt Sugar, under the name Melvin Van Peebles wid Laxative.[29] Van Peebles said that the band is called Laxative because they "make shit happen".[30] In November, 2011, Melvin Van Peebles wid Laxative performed his song "Love, That's America" at Zebulon Cafe Concert, two weeks after the venue showed the original video for this song involving Occupy Wall Street footage,[31] which was uploaded to YouTube in October 2011.[32][unreliable source?]

Melvinvanpeebles ghettomother fan

Van Peebles in front of his artwork, A Ghetto Mother's Prayer, in 2017

On August 21, 2012, he distributed a new album, on vinyl only, called Nahh... Nahh Mofo.[33][34][35][36] This album was distributed at his birthday celebration at Film Forum.[37] On November 10, 2012, he released a video for the song "Lilly Done the Zampoughi Every Time I Pulled Her Coattail" to go with the album,[38][39] which was announced on his Facebook page.[40][unreliable source?]

On May 5, 2013, he returned to the Film Forum for a screening of Charlie Chaplin's The Kid (1921) and was a judge at the Charlie Chaplin Dress-Alike Contest which was held after the screening. He wore a bowler hat and baggy pants in honor of Chaplin.[citation needed]

In September 2013, Van Peebles made his public debut as a visual artist, as a part of a gallery featured called "eMerge 2.0: Melvin Van Peebles & Artists on the Cusp".[41] It features "Ex-Voto Monochrome (A Ghetto Mother's Prayer)", one of many pieces of art he created to be on display in his home.[41]

In 2017, Methane Momma, a short film directed by Alain Rimbert, featured Van Peebles and his narration of poetic work with accompaniment of music by The Heliocentrics.[42][43][44]

In 2019, Burnt Sugar presented the film Sweetback in Brooklyn while playing their own interpretation of the soundtrack. Van Peebles appeared at the presentation.[45]

Personal life[]

Melvin Van Peebles married Maria Marx. They lived in Mexico for a period in the late 1950s, where he painted portraits. Their son, actor and director Mario Van Peebles, was born while they resided in Mexico. The family subsequently returned to the United States.[46]

Van Peebles died on September 21, 2021, at his home in Manhattan, New York, at the age of 89.[47][48] He is survived by his sons, Mario and Max, and his daughter Marguerite.[13]

Awards and honors[]

  • 1967: Critics' Choice Award for The Story of a Three-Day Pass. San Francisco Film Festival.[13]
  • 1972: Most Promising Book, Winner for Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death. Drama Desk Awards.[49]
  • 1972: Best Score from an Original Cast Album, 2 nominations for Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death. 15th Annual Grammy Awards.[50]
  • 1972: Best Book of a Musical and Best Original Score, 2 nominations for Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death, 26th Tony Awards.[15][49]
  • 1973: Best Book of a Musical, nomination for Don't Play Us Cheap, 27th Tony Awards.[16][49]
  • 1976: Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame[51]
  • 1999: Lifetime Achievement Award. 6th Annual Chicago Underground Film Festival.[52]
  • 2001: Commander of the Legion of Honour (French Legion of Honour)[53][54]
  • 2008: Tribute Award from the Independent Filmmaker Project (IFP) and the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). Gotham Awards.[55]
  • 2021: The "Melvin Van Peebles Trailblazer Award," was named in honor of Van Peebles at the Critics Choice Association's fourth annual Celebration of Black Cinema & Television.[56]

Bibliography[]

  • (As "Melvin Van") The Big Heart, San Francisco: Fearon, 1957. With photographs by Ruth Bernhard, a book about life on San Francisco's cable cars. "A cable car is a big heart with people for blood. The people pump on and off—if you think of it like that it is pretty simple" (p. 21).
  • Un Ours pour le F.B.I. (1964); A Bear for the F.B.I., Trident, 1968.
  • Un Américain en enfer (1965); The True American, Doubleday, 1976.
  • Le Chinois du XIV (1966) (short stories)
  • La Fête à Harlem (Harlem Party) (1967) (novel)
  • La Permission (1967)
  • Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, Lancer Books, New York, 1971.
  • Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death, Bantam, New York, 1973.[57]
  • Don't Play Us Cheap: A Harlem Party, Bantam Books, New York, 1973.
  • Just an Old Sweet Song, Ballantine, New York, 1976.
  • Bold Money: A New Way to Play the Options Market, Warner Books, New York, 1986, ISBN 0-446-51340-7 (nonfiction)
  • Melvin and Mario Van Peebles: No Identity Crisis, A Fireside Book, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1990.
  • Panther, Thunder's Mouth Press, 1995.[58]
  • Confessions of a Ex Doofus Itchy Footed Mutha, New York: Akashic Books, 2009, ISBN 9781933354866. With illustrations by Caktuz Tree, a graphic novel adaptation of the film with the same title.

Filmography[]

Sweet sweetback poster

Peebles' 1971 film Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song received acclaim from black rights groups for its political resonance with the black struggle and grossed $10 million.

Year Film Credited as Notes
Director Producer Writer Composer
1957 Three Pickup Men for Herrick Yes Yes Yes Yes Short
1957 Sunlight Yes Yes Yes Yes Short
1961 Les cinq cent balles (500 Francs) Yes No Yes Yes Short
1967 The Story of a Three-Day Pass (also known as La Permission) Yes No Yes Yes from his novel La Permission
1969 Slogan No No Yes No Screenwriter, Directed by Pierre Grimblat.
1970 Watermelon Man Yes No No Yes
1971 Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song Yes Yes Yes Yes also actor and editor
1972 Don't Play Us Cheap Yes Yes Yes Yes from his book Harlem Party and stage musical Don't Play Us Cheap, also editor
1976 Just an Old Sweet Song (also known as Down Home) No No Yes Yes made for television; screenwriter and theme song
1977 Greased Lightning No No Yes No screenwriter
1981 The Sophisticated Gents No Yes Yes No made for television; actor, screenwriter, song "Greased Lightning" and associate producer
1987 The Day They Came to Arrest the Book No No Yes No made for television; screenwriter
1989 Identity Crisis Yes Yes No No Also actor and co-editor
1995 Panther No Yes Yes No based on his novel Panther, also actor
1996 Vroom Vroom Vroooom Yes Yes Yes Yes segment from Tales of Erotica, also known as Erotic Tales. Also editor
1996 Gang in Blue Yes Yes No No Co-director and also actor
1998 Melvin Van Peebles' Classified X No No Yes No Documentary; screenwriter, actor and executive producer
2000 Le Conte du ventre plein (also known as Bellyful) Yes Yes* Yes Yes *Delegate Producer
2008 Confessionsofa Ex-Doofus-ItchyFooted Mutha Yes Yes Yes No based on his own graphic novel
2012 Lilly Done the Zampoughi Every Time I Pulled Her Coattail Yes No Yes Yes music video, also co-editor and performer

Other writing credits[]

  • Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song: The Musical (2008) writer, singer
  • Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies (2009) writer, performer

As himself[]

  • Unstoppable (2005)
  • How to Eat Your Watermelon in White Company (2005)

Other acting-only credits[]

  • O.C. and Stiggs (1987) as Bob 'Wino Bob'
  • Jaws: The Revenge (1987) as Mr. Witherspoon
  • Taking Care of Terrific (1987) (television film) as 'Hawk'
  • Sonny Spoon (1988) (television series) as Mel Spoon
  • Boomerang (1992) as Editor
  • Posse (1993) as Joe 'Papa Joe'
  • Terminal Velocity (1994) as Noble
  • Fist of the North Star (1995) as Asher
  • Living Single (1996) as Warner Devant
  • The Shining (1997) (miniseries) as Dick Hallorann
  • The Hebrew Hammer (2003) as Sweetback
  • BlacKout (2007) as George
  • Redemption Road (2010) as Elmo
  • We the Party (2012) as 'Big D'
  • Armed (2018) as Grandpa V

Plays[]

  • The Hostage (Dutch National Theatre Tour, actor, writer, 1964)[59]
  • Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death (writer, 1971)[15][49]
  • Don't Play Us Cheap (writer, 1972)[16][49]
  • Out There by Your Lonesome (one-man play, 1973)[60]
  • Reggae (co-librettist, 1980)[18][49]
  • Waltz of the Stork (actor, writer, 1982)[19][49]
  • Champeen (musical, writer, 1983)[61]
  • Waltz of the Stork Boogie (writer, director, 1984)[62]
  • Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies (musical, writer, 2009)[28][63]

Discography[]

Studio albums[]

  • Brer Soul (1968)
  • Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death (1970)
  • As Serious as a Heart-Attack (1974)
  • What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?! (1974)
  • Ghetto Gothic (1995)
  • Nahh... Nahh Mofo (2012)[64][65]
  • The Last Transmission (2014, with The Heliocentrics)[66]

Compilations[]

  • X-Rated By an All-White Jury (1997) – including Brer Soul, Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death and As Serious as a Heart-Attack

Soundtrack albums[]

  • Watermelon Man (1970)
  • Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song (1971)
  • Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death (1972)
  • Don't Play Us Cheap (1973)

See also[]

  • Works by Melvin Van Peebles

References[]

  1. ↑ Greasley, Philip A., ed (2001). "Melvin Van Peebles". Melvin Van Peebles. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 505. ISBN 0253108411. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnuYKJSoHCMC&q=%22van+peebles%22+dutch&pg=PA505. 
  2. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2S8-NNYD
  3. ↑ "Corrections: Sept. 25, 2021" (in en-US). The New York Times. 2021-09-25. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/24/pageoneplus/corrections-sept-25-2021.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 James, Darius (1995). That's Blaxploitation!: Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude (Rated X by an All-Whyte Jury). ISBN 0-312-13192-5. 
  5. ↑ "Melvin van Peebles obituary". 23 September 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/sep/23/melvin-van-peebles-obituary. 
  6. ↑ MacDonald, Scott (1997). "Cinema 16: Documents Toward a History of the Film Society". pp. 3–48. Digital object identifier:10.1353/wan.1997.0001. ISSN 1086-3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wan.1997.0001. 
  7. ↑ Ralph., Ellison (2010). Trading twelves : the selected letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray. Vintage eBooks. ISBN 978-0-307-56074-2. OCLC 681584951. http://worldcat.org/oclc/681584951. 
  8. ↑ "Entretein avec Melvin Van Peebles." Cahiers du Cinema #308. February 1980. pp. 14–16.
  9. ↑ Himes, Chester (1976). My Life of Absurdity. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 291. 
  10. ↑ "Fête à Harlem – Spectacle – 1964". https://data.bnf.fr/fr/39467577/fete_a_harlem_spectacle_1964/. 
  11. ↑ "Interview with Melvin Van Peebles – Bay Area Television Archive". https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/191476. 
  12. ↑ Kohn, Eric (2021-09-27). "Mario Van Peebles on His Father’s Greatest Legacy: ‘He Put Black Power on the Screen for the First Time’" (in en). https://www.indiewire.com/2021/09/melvin-van-peebles-son-mario-sweet-sweetbacks-badasssss-song-1234667607/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Martin, Douglas (September 22, 2021). "Melvin Van Peebles, Champion of New Black Cinema, Dies at 89". https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/22/movies/melvin-van-peebles-champion-of-new-black-cinema-dies-at-89.html. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Dagan, Carmel (September 22, 2021). "Melvin Van Peebles, Influential Director, Actor and Writer, Dies at 89". https://variety.com/2021/film/news/melvin-van-peebles-dead-sweet-sweetbacks-baadassss-song-1235071660/. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death". https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/aint-supposed-to-die-a-natural-death-3616#Awards. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Don't Play Us Cheap!". https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/dont-play-us-cheap-3544#Awards. 
  17. ↑ Arnold, Gary (July 16, 1977). "'Greased Lightning': A Sketchy Saga of a Stock-Car Career". https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/07/16/greased-lightning-a-sketchy-saga-of-a-stock-car-career/5180cfce-9508-4dd8-a9cb-e90288c3b99c/. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Reggae". https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/reggae-3693. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Waltz of the Stork". https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/waltz-of-the-stork-4154#ProductionStaff. 
  20. ↑ Booker, James (1984-03-27). "James Booker's N.Y.". p. 11. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1Z0lAAAAIBAJ&pg=1197%2C1279807. 
  21. ↑ Wylie, William H. (1986-03-11). "Movie director weighs his options". p. D2. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XnIcAAAAIBAJ&pg=5637%2C7017407. 
  22. ↑ Randel, Tony (1999). "Fist of the North Star" (in en). United States: WinStar TV & Video. ISBN 1-57252-654-8. 
  23. ↑ Obenson, Tambay A. (June 13, 2014). "'Unstoppable: A Conversation w/ Melvin Van Peebles, Gordon Parks & Ossie Davis' – a Documentary in Need of a Re-Release". http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/unstoppable-a-conversation-w-melvin-van-peebles-gordon-parks-ossie-davis-a-documentary-in-need-of-a-re-release. 
  24. ↑ "Madlib & Melvin Van Peebles – Brer Soul meets Lord Quas". Stonesthrow.com. 2005-10-01. http://www.stonesthrow.com/news/2005/10/madlib-melvin-van-peebles-brer-soul-meets-lord-quas. 
  25. ↑ Epstein, Daniel Robert (January 19, 2006). "Melvin Van Peebles". http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Melvin+Van+Peebles/. 
  26. ↑ Tate, Greg (January 13, 2006). "The MVP of Black Cinema". http://www.villagevoice.com/film/0603,tate,71754,20.html. 
  27. ↑ "The Apollo Salon Series". The Apollo Theater Foundation. http://www.apollotheater.org/SALON_SERIES.html. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Denton, Martin (June 22, 2009). "Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies". http://www.nytheatre.com/nytheatre/showpage.php?t=unmi8570. 
  29. ↑ "NYC: Melvin Van Peebles wid Laxative". 2011-01-03. http://uptownmagazine.com/2011/01/nyc-melvin-van-peebles-wid-laxative/. 
  30. ↑ "Melvin Van Peebles With Laxative, Zebulon Cafe Concert, May 12, 2011". Zebuloncafeconcert.com. 2011-05-12. http://zebuloncafeconcert.com/?p=1863. 
  31. ↑ "The winter of our discontent". Zebuloncafeconcert.com. 2011-11-08. http://zebuloncafeconcert.com/?p=3647. 
  32. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Occupy Wall Street montage to the song "Love, That's America" by Melvin Van Peebles #OWS, YouTube". YouTube.com. 2011-10-26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGKuX8akRzw. 
  33. ↑ "Give The Drummer Some 10/05/12". http://wfmu.org/playlists/shows/47647. 
  34. ↑ "The cat is out of...". Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/MelvinVanPeebleswidLaxative/posts/189774071155049. 
  35. ↑ "Melvin Van Peebles - Fireside Chat". http://www.rbmaradio.com/shows/melvin-van-peebles-fireside-chat. 
  36. ↑ "Melvin Van Peebles: Biography, Celebrity Facts and Awards". TV Guide. https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/melvin-van-peebles/bio/165797. 
  37. ↑ vagabond. "Melvin Van Peebles | #nothingtobegainedhere". nothingtobegainedhere.wordpress.com. http://nothingtobegainedhere.wordpress.com/tag/melvin-van-peebles/. 
  38. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "(official video) Melvin Van Peebles wid Laxative – Lilly Done the Zampoughi". 2012-11-09. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnRWphtXcqI. 
  39. ↑ "Lilly Done the Zampoughi Every Time I Pulled Her Coattail (2012)". https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2605674/. 
  40. ↑ "We have a new video...". Facebook. 2012-11-10. https://www.facebook.com/MelvinVanPeebleswidLaxative/posts/482238985132069. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Leland, John (September 19, 2013). "At 81, Still a Master of Reinvention". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/20/arts/design/melvin-van-peebles-headlines-a-group-art-show.html?_r=0. 
  42. ↑ "Methane Momma (2016)". https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5593454/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ql_1. 
  43. ↑ "From The Vaults – Photos: Melvin Van Peebles Records For Heliocentrics". 30 September 2014. http://www.nowagainrecords.com/photos-melvin-van-peebles-heliocentrics/. 
  44. ↑ Kesh, Jonathan. "5 Cool Sci-Fi Shorts From the 2018 Philip K. Dick Film Festival" (in en). https://www.outerplaces.com/science-fiction/item/17878-philip-k-dick-film-festival-shorts. 
  45. ↑ "Movies on Myrtle: Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Redux, Remix & Requiem Rescheduled!". Fort Greene Park Conservancy. http://www.fortgreenepark.org/events/2019/5/30/sweet-sweetbacks-baadasssss-redux-remix-amp-requiem. 
  46. ↑ Wankoff, Jordan, and Deborah A. Ring. "Van Peebles, Melvin." Contemporary Black Biography, edited by Derek Jacques, et al., vol. 95, Gale, 2012, pp. 160–164. Gale eBooks.
  47. ↑ Barnes, Mike (September 22, 2021). "Melvin Van Peebles Dies: Iconic Filmmaker, Actor, and Novelist Was 89". https://www.indiewire.com/2021/09/melvin-van-peebles-obituary-1234656083/. 
  48. ↑ Grobar, Matt (2021-09-22). "Melvin Van Peebles Remembered: Spike Lee, David Alan Grier & Barry Jenkins Among Those Paying Tribute To Cinema's "True Revolutionary"" (in en-US). https://deadline.com/2021/09/melvin-van-peebles-remembered-by-spike-lee-david-alan-grier-barry-jenkins-ava-duvernay-more-1234842533/. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 "Melvin Van Peebles" (in en). http://www.playbill.com/person/melvin-van-peebles-vault-0000007019. 
  50. ↑ "Melvin Van Peebles" (in en). 2020-11-23. https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/melvin-van-peebles/16174. 
  51. ↑ Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame 1976. Cultural and Ethnic Affairs Guild of the Oakland Museum Association. 1976. pp. 39. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Black_Filmmakers_Hall_of_Fame/49QqAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=melvin%20van%20peebles. 
  52. ↑ Petersen, Scott (1999-08-31). "FESTIVALS: Chicago’s Underground Marketplace — of Fun & Ideas" (in en). https://www.indiewire.com/1999/08/festivals-chicagos-underground-marketplace-of-fun-ideas-82114/. 
  53. ↑ "Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 147 (2001), Part 15 - TRIBUTE TO MELVIN VAN PEEBLES". https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRECB-2001-pt15/html/CRECB-2001-pt15-Pg20916.htm. 
  54. ↑ "Vital Reissues: Melvin Van Peebles, Ghetto Gothic". 2 June 2001. p. 32. https://books.google.com/books?id=DRQEAAAAMBAJ&dq=melvin+van+peebles+Chevalier+of+the+L%C3%A9gion+d%27honneur&pg=PA32. 
  55. ↑ Guerrasio, Jason (2008-09-17). "Melvin Van Peebles to be Honored at Gothams" (in en-US). https://filmmakermagazine.com/3651-melvin-van-peebles-to-be-honored-at-gothams/. 
  56. ↑ Jackson, Angelique (2021-11-10). "Ava DuVernay to Receive Inaugural Melvin Van Peebles Trailblazer Award at Celebration of Black Cinema & Television" (in en-US). https://variety.com/2021/film/news/ava-duvernay-will-smith-critics-choice-celebration-black-cinema-television-1235109295/. 
  57. ↑ Aint supposed to die a natural death. WorldCat.org. 1973. OCLC 595072.  (book)
  58. ↑ Van Peebles, Melvin (1995). Panther: A Novel. ISBN 9781560250968. https://books.google.com/books?id=cB0XAQAAMAAJ. Retrieved 2019-03-22. 
  59. ↑ Thompson, Lisa B.. "Don't Play Us Cheap: The Sacredness of Saturday Night, or the Gospel According to Melvin Van Peebles" (in en). https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7547-don-t-play-us-cheap-the-sacredness-of-saturday-night-or-the-gospel-according-to-melvin-van-peebles. 
  60. ↑ Gussow, Mel (1973-02-27). "Van Peebles Offers Roukin One‐Man Show" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/27/archives/van-peebles-offers-rousing-oneman-show.html. 
  61. ↑ Gussow, Mel (1983-04-10). "THEATER:'CHAMPEEEN!' CELEBRATES BESSIE SMITH" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/10/theater/theater-champeeen-celebrates-bessie-smith.html. 
  62. ↑ Holden, Stephen (1984-07-16). "THEATER: 'STORK BOOGIE,' BY MELVIN VAN PEEBLES" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/16/arts/theater-stork-boogie-by-melvin-van-peebles.html. 
  63. ↑ Bacalzo, Dan (23 June 2009). "Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies | TheaterMania" (in en-US). https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/unmitigated-truth-life-a-lavatory-loves-and-ladies_19778.html. 
  64. ↑ "MVP @ 80 | #nothingtobegainedhere". Nothingtobegainedhere.wordpress.com. 22 August 2012. http://nothingtobegainedhere.wordpress.com/2012/08/22/mvp-80/. 
  65. ↑ "Melvin Van Peebles Biography". Tvguide.com. https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/melvin-van-peebles/bio/165797. 
  66. ↑ "Heliocentrics & Melvin Van Peebles – The Last Transmission". Rappcats. 2014-10-01. http://www.rappcats.com/heliocentrics-melvin-van-peebles-the-last-transmission/. 

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