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Louis Napoléon Achille Charles Murat

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Louis Napoléon Murat
Personal details
Born Louis Napoléon Achille Charles Murat
(1872-08-25)25 August 1872
Brunoy, France
Died 14 June 1943(1943-06-14) (aged 70)
Nice, France
Nationality French
Military service
Allegiance France; Russia; Bulgaria
Service/branch French Army; Imperial Russian Army
Rank Lieutenant (France); Major general (Russia)
Battles/wars Second Madagascar expedition, Russo-Japanese War, First Balkan War, World War I

Prince Louis Napoléon Achille Charles Murat (25 August 1872 – 14 June 1943), also known as Napoléon Akhilovich Murat (in Russian: Наполеон Ахилович Мюрат), was a French-Georgian military officer. A member of the House of Murat and direct descendant of Caroline Bonaparte, sister of Napoleon, he was first commissioned in the French Army but spent most of his military career in the Imperial Russian Army, rising to the rank of major general.

Personal life[]

Murat was born on 25 August 1872 in Brunoy, France, the second child of Charles Louis Napoléon Achille Murat of the House of Murat, and Salome Dadiani, Georgian princess of Mingrelia and member of the House of Dadiani. He was a great-grandson of Joachim Murat, King of Naples and 1st Prince Murat, and grandnephew of Napoleon.[1][2] He moved to his mother's native Georgia around 1904. Having returned to France in the early 1920s following Georgia's annexation by the Soviet Union and installation of a Bolshevik regime in the country, he worked as a translator. He died in Nice on 14 June 1943.[3] He never married.[4]

Military career[]

Murat began his military career in the French Army in 1891, and attended the École de cavalerie, Saumur.[5] He served with the 25th Dragoon Regiment during the French conquest of Madagascar, where it was mistakenly reported that he had died from malaria.[6] He became a lieutenant in 1899[5] when he was with the 14th Hussars Regiment,[7] and later joined the 9th Cuirassier Regiment. Laws passed in France in the early 1900s meant that, as a member of a former ruling house, his opportunities for progression within the French Army became limited and he resigned his commission.[8]

Murat left France and joined the Imperial Russian Army, where he was commissioned as lieutenant with the 2nd Dagestan Cavalry Regiment. He saw action in the Russo-Japanese War, during which time he was shot in the head and neck;[9] he was decorated for his bravery. Following the war, he served as captain and later lieutenant colonel in the Life Guard Horse Regiment before becoming a colonel instructor at the cavalry school in St Petersburg.[10][11] During this time he gained a reputation as a duelist.[12]

In 1912, Murat resigned from the Russian Army to command a force of volunteers and mercenaries under the flag of Bulgaria during the First Balkan War.[11][13] After spending time in the Americas, he rejoined the Imperial Russian Army at the outbreak of World War I, commanding the Ingush Regiment of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division, also known as the Savage or Wild Division. Fighting in the Carpathians, he suffered severe frostbite to his legs, that ultimately resulted in double amputation some years later. He also commanded the 12th Dragoon Regiment Starodubovskogo and served in the Ministry of War.[14] He rose to the rank of major general.[15][16] During the Russian Civil War he fought with the White Armies.[3]

Among his many honours, he was awarded the Cross of St. George and was appointed to the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class with swords, the Order of St. Anna, and the Order of St. Stanislaus.[4] In 1928, he was appointed a chevalier of Legion d'Honneur.[3][17]

References[]

  1. ↑ Melville, Henry (1914). The Titled Nobility of Europe; An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who," of the Sovereigns, Princes, and Nobles of Europe. Burke's Peerage. p. 1062. ISBN 9780850110289. https://books.google.com/books?id=jVE4AQAAMAAJ. Retrieved 20 February 2022. 
  2. ↑ Valynseele, Joseph (1957) (in French). Les maréchaux du Premier empire: leur famille et leur descendance. pp. 35–51. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33447269/f59.item. Retrieved 18 February 2022. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Des Napoléons dans la grande guerre" (in French). https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/articles/des-napoleoniens-dans-la-grande-guerre/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Salome Dadiani and Her Descendants". Smithsonian Institution. http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dadiani/en/salome.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Varieties". Civil & Military Gazette. Lahore. 12 May 1904. pp. 4–5. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19040512/027/0004. 
  6. ↑ "Nécrologie" (in French). Le Gaulois. 8 December 1895. p. 2. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k529330x/f2.item. 
  7. ↑ (in French) Almanach de Gotha; Annuaire généalogique, diplomatique et statistique. J. Perthes. 1900. p. 403. https://books.google.com/books?id=SPub-NrEReEC. Retrieved 20 February 2022. 
  8. ↑ "Letter of Marquise de Fontenoy". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. 20 May 1904. p. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/350251825. 
  9. ↑ "Late gossip of foreign capitals". Washington, District of Columbia. 20 May 1904. p. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/16111609. 
  10. ↑ "Pamatiedzīvotāju jātnieku divīzija. savvaļas dalījums" (in Russian). https://ik-ptz.ru/lv/matematika/tuzemnaya-konnaya-diviziya-dikaya-diviziya.html. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Prince Napoleon Murat...". Evening Standard and St. James Gazette. London, England. 26 October 1912. p. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/760276089. 
  12. ↑ "Двойная дуэль принца Мюрата" (in Russian). http://smena.ru/news/2006/10/09/8855/. 
  13. ↑ "Prince Napoleon in war against Turks". Washington, District of Columbia. 6 November 1912. p. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/28950432. 
  14. ↑ (in French) L'intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux. Benj. Duprat, Libraire de l'Institut. 1919. pp. 307–308. https://books.google.com/books?id=9KbNAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 21 February 2022. 
  15. ↑ Чернышова-Мельник, Наталия (2019) (in Russian). Последний император. Жизнь и любовь Михаила Романова. Алетейя. ISBN 9785041745806. https://books.google.com/books?id=LyubDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 22 February 2022. 
  16. ↑ Палицын, Федор (2021) (in Russian). Записки. Том II. Франция (1916–1921). Издательство им. Сабашниковых. p. 175. ISBN 9785457690936. https://books.google.com/books?id=WPgVEAAAQBAJ. Retrieved 22 February 2022. 
  17. ↑ "Murat, Louis Napoléon Achille Charles" (in French). France: Archives Nationales. https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/274752. 
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