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This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces participated or took place on Polish territory. From the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the ongoing military operations.
This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
- Polish victory
- Polish defeat
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
Piast Poland[]
During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands acquired in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia and Hungary, and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.
Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
964–972
|
Fights of Mieszko I in Western Pomerania
|
Duchy of Poland | VeletiWolinians Sorbian March | Polish victory |
979 | Otto II's raid on Poland | Duchy of Poland | Holy Roman Empire | Polish victory |
981 | Polish raid on Pomerelia | Duchy of Poland | Pomerelia | Polish victory |
981 | Rus raid on Czerwień Towns | Duchy of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
985 | Polish-Saxon invasion of Veleti | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Veleti | Polish and Saxon victory |
988–990 | Polish-Bohemian War | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
992 | Polish-German invasion of Veleti | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Veleti | Polish and German victory |
995 | Polish-German invasion of Obotrites | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Obotrites | Polish and German victory |
1002–1018
|
Wars against Holy Roman Empire
|
Duchy of PolandMoravians | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Kievan Rus'Veleti | Peace of Bautzen |
1015–1016 | Cnut the Great's Conquest of England[1] | Kingdom of Denmark Duchy of Poland | Kingdom of England | Danish victory |
1015–1019
|
Boleslaw I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1022 | Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest | Duchy of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1028–1031
|
Polish-German War | Mieszko II Lambert Kingdom of Hungary | Holy Roman Empire Bezprym Duchy of Bohemia Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1031–1032 | Pagan reaction in Poland | Bezprym | Pagans and magnates | Defeat of Bezprym |
1034–1047
|
Pagan reaction and popular uprising
|
Casimir I the Restorer Holy Roman Empire Kievan Rus' | MiecławPagans and magnats | Casimir I the Restorer's victory |
1038-1039 | Bretislaus I's raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish defeat |
1042 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Lesser Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1047 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1050 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1051 | Polish-German invasion of Hungary | Kingdom of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish-German victory |
1060 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia
|
Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish defeat |
1060 | Fights for the Hungarian throne
|
Béla I Kingdom of Poland | Andrew I | Béla I's victory |
1063 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Pomerelia | Kingdom of Poland | Pomerelia | Polish victory |
1064 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians | Polish victory |
1069 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1072 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1074 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1076 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Hungary | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish victory |
1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1077–1079 | Internal conflicts | Bolesław II the Generous | Rebels and magnats | Bolesław II the Generous's defeat |
1086 | Hungarian raid on Kraków | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish defeat |
1090–1092
|
Four raids on Western Pomerania
|
Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia | Western Pomerania | Polish defeat |
1092 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1093–1100
|
Władysław Herman and Sieciech's fight against Zbigniew and Bolesław
|
Władysław I Herman Sieciech Duchy of Bohemia | Zbigniew of Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth | Władysław and Sieciech's defeat |
1099 | Władysław I Herman'a raid on Halych | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Halych | Indecisive |
1100 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
1101 | Cuman raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1103–1123
|
Fourteen Bolesław Wrymouth's raids on Pomerania
|
Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Denmark | Pomeranians | Polish victory |
1103–1108 | Internal conflicts | Bolesław III Wrymouth Kingdom of Hungary Kievan Rus' | Zbigniew of Poland Duchy of Bohemia | Bolesław III Wrymouth's victory |
1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | Kingdom of Poland | Old Prussians | Polish victory |
1108–1109 | Three Pomeranians raids on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
1108 | Moravians raid on Silesia
|
Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1109 | Polish-German War
|
Kingdom of Poland | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1109–1114
|
Three Bolesław III Wrymouth's raids on Bohemia
|
Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1110 | Zbigniew's and Bohemians raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish defeat |
1110–1111 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | Kingdom of Poland | Old Prussians | Polish victory |
1117 | Skarbimir's rebellion | Kingdom of Poland | Skarbimir | Polish victory |
1121–1124
|
Fights in Rus'
|
Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Duchy of Bohemia Kingdom of Hungary | Principality of Halych | Polish victory |
1120 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1126 | Hungarian raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish defeat |
1127 | Polish raid on Hungary | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish victory |
1131–1134 | Six Bohemian raids on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish defeat |
1132 | Bolesław III Wrymouth' raid on Hungary
|
Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish defeat |
1135 | Fights in Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Halych | Polish victory |
1144–1320
|
Battles during feudal fragmentation
|
Local dukes | Local dukes | The weakening and internal breakdown of the country |
1139–1142 | Fights between Duchy of Masovia and Rus' | Bolesław IV the Curly | Kievan Rus' | Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
1144–1146 | Two Polish-Ruthenian raids on Halych | Władysław II the Exile Kievan Rus' | Principality of Halych | Ruthenian and Polish victory |
1146 | Polish-German War | Mieszko III the Old | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Mieszko III the Old's victory |
1147 | Albert the Bear and Mieszko III the Old's crusade for Polabian Slavs | Mieszko III the OldNorthern March | Polabian SlavsVeleti | The victory crusade |
1147 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly Kievan Rus' | Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's victory |
1154–1155 | Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine | Polish knights | Saracen | Henry of Sandomir's victory |
1157 | Polish-German War | Bolesław IV the Curly | Holy Roman Empire | Peace of Krzyszkowo |
1166 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly | Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
1180 | Duke Wasylek's fight for Brześć | Principality of Drohiczyn Casimir II the Just | Kievan Rus' | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1182–1183
|
Casimir II the Just's fight for Brześć
|
Casimir II the Just | Kievan Rus' | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1184 | Frederick I Barbarossa's raid on Poland | Casimir II the Just | Holy Roman Empire | Indecisive |
1187 | Ruthenian raid on Lesser Poland | Casimir II the Just | Principality of Halych | Casimir II the Just's defeat |
1189 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Halych | Casimir II the Just | Kingdom of Hungary Principality of Halych | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1194 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Yotvingians
|
Casimir II the Just | Yotvingians | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1199 | Leszek I the White's raid on Halych | Leszek I the White | Principality of Halych | Leszek I the White's victory |
1205 | Roman the Great's raid on Poland | Leszek I the White | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's victory |
1207 | Leszek I the White's raid on Rus' | Leszek I the White Konrad I of Masovia | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's victory |
1209–1211
|
First War For Lebus
|
Henry I the Bearded Władysław III Spindleshanks | Sorbian March | Henry I the Bearded and Władysław III Spindleshanks's victory |
1214 | Leszek I the White's raid on Volodymyr-Volynskyi | Leszek I the White Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's victory |
1215 | Hungarian raid on Poland | Casimir II the Just | Kingdom of Hungary | Casimir II the Just's defeat |
1218–1221 | Polish-Hungarian-Ruthenian War | Leszek I the White Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's defeat |
1219–1222
|
Three Old Prussians raids on Lesser Poland
|
Konrad I of Masovia | Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1222–1223 | Two polish raids on Old Prussians | Lokal dukes | Old Prussians | Polish defeat |
1225 | Prussian raid on Lesser Poland | Konrad I of Masovia | Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1225–1230 | Second War For Lebus | Henry I the Bearded | Landgraviate of Thuringia | Henry I the Bearded's victory |
1234 | Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians
|
Lokal dukes Teutonic Knights | Old Prussians | Polish-Teutonic victory |
1236–1237
|
Wars between Konrad I of Masovia and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
|
Konrad I of Masovia | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1238–1240
|
Third War For Lebus
|
Henry I the Bearded | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Henry I the Bearded's victory |
1241 | First Mongol invasion of Poland
|
Lokal dukes Military orders | File:White Sulde of the Mongol Empire.jpg Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
1247–1252 | Przemysł I's fight against Brandenburg | Przemysł I | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Przemysł I's victory |
1248–1455 | Three raids on Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste Siemowit I of Masovia Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1259 | Second Mongol invasion of Poland | Bolesław V the Chaste | File:White Sulde of the Mongol Empire.jpg Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
1260 | Bohemian-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Silesia Duchy of Austria | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Poland | Bohemian victory |
1262 | Lithuanian raid on Lesser Poland
|
Siemowit I of Masovia | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Siemowit I of Masovia's defeat |
1264 | Fights against Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste | Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1265–1278
|
Fights against Brandenburg
|
Bolesław V the Chaste Przemysł II | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1278 | Fights for Bohemian throne | Ottokar II of Bohemia Bolesław V the Chaste Przemysł II Henryk IV Probus | Rudolph I of Germany | Przemysł II's defeat |
1280 | War between Leszek II the Black and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
|
Leszek II the Black | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek II the Black's victory |
1282–1283
|
Three Lithuanian-Yotvingian raids on Poland
|
Leszek II the Black | Yotvingians Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Leszek II the Black's victory |
1287–1288
|
Third Mongol invasion of Poland
|
Leszek II the Black | File:White Sulde of the Mongol Empire.jpg Mongol Empire | Indecisive |
1291–1306
|
Six Vytenis's raids on Lesser Poland
|
Lokal dukes | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Polish defeat |
1296 | Brandenburgian raid on Rogoźno | Przemysł II | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Przemysł II's defeat |
1308 | Brandenburgian raid on Gdańsk | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1308 | Capture of Gdańsk by the Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1309 | Capture of Świecie by the Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1311-1312 | Rebellion of mayor Albert | Władysław I the Elbow-high | AlbertBurghers of Kraków | Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
1316 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights in Greater Poland | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
1323 | Polish-Hungarian raid on Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Polish-Hungarian victory |
1323 | Władysław I the Elbow-high raid on Płock | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Płock | Polish victory |
1326–1329 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish victory |
1326–1332
|
Polish–Teutonic War
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Hungary | Teutonic Knights Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Masovia | Indecisive |
1332 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Głogów | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Głogów | Polish victory |
1340–1392
|
Galicia–Volhynia Wars
|
Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Masovia Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1343 | Fights for Wschowa
|
Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Głogów | Polish victory |
1345–1348
|
Polish-Czech War
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Bohemia | Treaty of Namslau |
1352–1358 | Maćko Borkowic's confederation | Kingdom of Poland | Maćko BorkowicNobles of Greater Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish victory |
1355 | Teutonic raid on Masovia | Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Masovia | Teutonic Knights | Polish defeat |
1359 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1368 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1370 | Branderburgian raid on Santok and Drezdenko | Kingdom of Poland | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish defeat |
1370 | Fights for Płock | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Masovia | Polish defeat |
1375–1376
|
Fights against Władysław the White | Kingdom of Poland | Władysław the White | Polish victory |
1382–1385 | Greater Poland Civil War | Grzymała | Nałęcz | Victory of the Nałęcz clan |
1381–1385 | Siemowit IV's fight for Polish throne | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Duchy of Masovia | Polish victory |
Jagiellon Poland[]
For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.
Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1387 | Jadwiga of Poland's raid on Red Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish victory |
1390–1392 | Lithuanian Civil War | Jogaila Kingdom of Poland | Vytautas Teutonic Knights | Jogaila's victory |
1391 | Fights against Konrad II the Gray for Wschowa | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Oels | Polish victory |
1391–1401 | War against Władysław Opolczyk | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Opole | Polish victory |
1399 | Fights against Golden Horde | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Principality of Moldavia | Golden Horde | Polish and Lithuanian defeat |
1409–1411
|
Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War[2] | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Teutonic Knights Kingdom of Hungary | First Peace of Thorn |
1414 | Hunger War
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Teutonic Knights | Council of Constance |
1422 | Gollub War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Principality of Moldavia | Teutonic Knights | Treaty of Melno |
1431–1435/39
|
Polish–Teutonic War
|
Hussites Kingdom of Poland Sigismund Kęstutaitis | Teutonic Knights Švitrigaila | Peace of Brześć Kujawski |
1438 | Polish-Bohemian fights for Silesia
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of Hungary | Polish and Lithuanian defeat |
1438 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1439 | Spytek of Melsztyn's confederation | Kingdom of Poland | Spytek of Melsztyn | Crushing of the confederation |
1440–1444 | Lithuanian-Masovian War for Podlachia | Duchy of Masovia | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Indecisive |
1440–1442 | Civil War in Hungary | Władysław III of Poland Kingdom of Poland | Elizabeth of Luxembourg | Władysław III's victory |
1443–1444
|
Crusade of Varna | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungaryothers | Ottoman Empire | Polish-Hungarian defeat |
1449–1450 | Fights for Moldavian throne | Kingdom of Poland Aleksander II of Moldavia | Bogdan II of Moldavia | Aleksander II's defeat |
1450–1454 | Fights of Land of Oświęcim | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Toszek | Polish victory |
1453 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1454–1466
|
Thirteen Years' War[3] | Kingdom of PolandPrussian Confederation | Teutonic Knights Livonian Brothers of the Sword Kingdom of Denmark | Second Peace of Thorn |
1457–1458 | Rebellion of unpaid mercenaries | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of OświęcimMercenaries | Payment of salaries |
1469 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1471 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1471–1474 | Polish-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Indecisive |
1474 | Polish-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish victory |
1476 | Polish raid on Prussia | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Polish victory |
1476-1482 | War of Succession of Głogów | Kingdom of Poland | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish victory |
1478–1479 | War of the Priests | Kingdom of Poland | Nicolaus von Tüngen Teutonic Knights | Polish victory |
1485–1503
|
Polish-Ottoman War
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Ottoman Empire Principality of Moldavia Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1490–1492
|
Fights for Hungarian throne
|
John I Albert | Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary | Vladislaus II's victory |
1495 | Polish raid on Płock | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Masovia | Polish victory |
1500–1503
|
Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Lithuanian defeat |
1501 | Polish raid on Prussia | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Interruption of the expedition because of king's death |
1502–1510
|
Polish-Moldawian War
|
Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory |
1506 | Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania[4] | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1507–1508
|
Third Muscovite-Lithuanian War
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Lithuanian victory |
1512 | Tatar raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1512–1522
|
Fourth Muscovite-Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Lithuanian defeat |
1516 | Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1519 | Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1519–1521
|
Polish–Teutonic War
|
Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Prussian Homage |
1524 | Ottoman-Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1526 | Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1528 | Habsburgian raid on Spisz | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish defeat |
1528 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1530–1531
|
Polish-Moldavian War
|
Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Indecisive |
1534–1537
|
Fifth Muscovite-Lithuanian War
|
Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Indecisive |
1535 | Moldavian raid on Podolia and Pokuttya | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1537 | Chicken War | Kingdom of Poland | Nobility | End of rebellion |
1538
|
Polish-Moldawian War
|
Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Indecisive |
1549 | Tatar raid on Volhynia and Red Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1557 | Zygmunt II August's raid on Livonia | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Livonian Brothers of the Sword | Polish victory |
1557 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1561–1570
|
Northern Seven Years' War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Denmark–Norway Free City of Lübeck | Grand Duchy of Moscow Kingdom of Sweden | Treaty of Stettin |
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth[]
The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers. During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1571 | Danish attack on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Kingdom of Denmark | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1572 | Mikołaj Mielecki's raid on Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Ottoman Empire Principality of Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1575 | Tatar raid on Red Ruthenia and Podolia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1575 | Russian invasion of Livonia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1576–1577
|
Danzig rebellion | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | City of Danzig | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1577 | Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1577–1582
|
Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory[5]
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Transylvania | Tsardom of Russia | Truce of Jam Zapolski |
1578 | Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1587–1588
|
War of the Polish Succession[6] | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Archduchy of Austria | Maximilian III's defeat |
1589 | Tatar raid on Poland
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1591–1593
|
Kosiński Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1594–1596
|
Nalyvaiko Uprising
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1595 | Jan Zamoyski's raid on Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1598–1599
|
War against Sigismund
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Sigismund III Vasa's defeat |
1599–1600
|
Fights against Michael the Brave
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Ieremia Movilă | Principality of Wallachia Principality of Transylvania | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1600–1611
|
Polish–Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Indecisive |
1605–1618
|
Polish–Muscovite War (Dymitriads) | Szlachta | Tsardom of Russia | Truce of Deulino |
1606 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1606–1609
|
Zebrzydowski Rebellion | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Nobility | Crushing of the rebellion |
1607 | Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia
|
Stefan Potocki | Principality of Moldavia | Stefan Potocki's victory |
1612 | Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia | Stefan Potocki | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Stefan Potocki's defeat |
1612 | Four Tatar raids on Poland
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1615–1616
|
Samuel Korecki's raid on Moldavia
|
Samuel Korecki | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1617–1618 | Polish–Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Indecisive |
1618 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1619 | Battle of Humenné | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Principality of Transylvania | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1620–1621
|
Polish–Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Moldavia | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia | Treaty of Khotyn |
1621–1626
|
Polish–Swedish War
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1624 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1625 | Żmajło uprspring
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Indecisive |
1626–1629
|
Polish–Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Truce of Altmark |
1626 | Three Tatar raids on Poland
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1628 | Five Tatar raids on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1629 | Five Tatar raids on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1630 | Fedorovych Uprising
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Treaty of Pereyaslav |
1632–1634
|
Smolensk War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | Treaty of Polyanovka |
1633–1634
|
Polish–Ottoman War
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia Principality of Moldavia | Indecisive |
1635 | Sulyma Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1637 | Pawluk Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1638 | Ostrzanin Uprising
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1640 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1643 | Tatar raid on Poland
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1644 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1645–1646 | Polish raid on Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1648–1655
|
Khmelnytsky Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate (1654–1656) | Zaporozhian Cossacks Crimean Khanate (1649–1654, 1656–1657) | Indecisive |
1651 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Aleksander Kostka Napierski | Crushing of the rebellion |
1651 | Peasants' Revolt on Cistercian Ląd's Land | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1654–1667
|
Russo-Polish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate | Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate | Truce of Andrusovo |
1655–1660
|
Second Northern War
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Archduchy of Austria Denmark–Norway Tsardom of Russia (1656–58) Dutch Republicothers | Swedish Empire Brandenburg-Prussia Cossack Hetmanate (1657) Principality of Transylvania Tsardom of Russiaothers | Treaty of Oliva |
1665–1666
|
Lubomirski's Rokosz
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Nobility | Indecisive |
1666–1671
|
Polish–Cossack–Tatar War
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate Cossack Hetmanate | Indecisive |
1669–1670
|
Podhale uprising
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1672–1676
|
Polish–Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Wallachia (1673) | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Treaty of Żurawno |
1683–1699
|
Polish–Ottoman War (in the Holy League, part of Great Turkish War) | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Archduchy of Austria | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Treaty of Karlowitz |
1697 | François Louis's raid for Polish crown | Augustus II the Strong | François of Conti | Augustus II's victory |
1700 | Lithuanian Civil War | Nobility | Sapieha family | Defeat of Sapieha |
1700–1721
|
Great Northern War
|
Tsardom of Russia Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–) Electorate of Saxony (1700–06, 1709–) Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–) Cossack Hetmanate (1700–08, 1709—1721) Kingdom of Prussia (1715–) Electorate of Hanover (1715-)others | Swedish Empire Stanisław Leszczyński (1704–09) Ottoman Empire (1710–14) Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)others | Treaty of Nystad |
1702–1704 | Palej Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossack Hetmanate | Crushing of the rebellion |
1715–1716
|
Tarnogród Confederation
|
Nobility | Tsardom of Russia Electorate of Saxony | Silent Sejm |
1733–1735
|
War of the Polish Succession
|
Stanisław Leszczyński Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain Duchy of Savoy | Augustus II the Strong Habsburg Monarchy Russian Empire Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Prussia | Treaty of Vienna |
1764 | Civil War in Poland | Hetmans' Party | Familia Russian Empire | Defeat of Hetmans' Party |
1768–1772
|
Bar Confederation
|
Stanisław August Poniatowski Russian Empire | Nobility Haidamaka | First Partition of Poland |
1769 | Šiauliai revolt | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1792 | Polish–Russian War of 1792
|
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Russian Empire | Second Partition of Poland |
1794 | Kościuszko Uprising[7] | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Habsburg Monarchy Kingdom of Prussia Russian Empire | Third Partition of Poland |
19th century and World War I[]
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.
Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1797–1814
|
Napoleonic Wars | First French Empire Polish Legions (1797–1807) Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815) Kingdom of Prussia (1807–1812) Russian Empire (1807–1812) Austrian Empire (1809–1813)other states | Russian Empire (1804–1807, 1812–1815) Kingdom of Prussia (1806–1807, 1812–1815) Austrian Empire (1804–1805, 1809, 1813–1815) British Empireother states | Congress of Vienna |
1797 | Denisko Uprising | Joachim Denisko | Austrian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1830–1831
|
November Uprising[8][N 1] | Kingdom of Poland | Russian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1846 | Kraków Uprising
|
Poles | Austrian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1846 | Greater Poland Uprising | Poles | Kingdom of Prussia | Crushing of the rebellion |
1848 | Revolutions of 1848 in Poland | Poles | Austrian Empire Kingdom of Prussia | Crushing of the rebellion |
1863–1864
|
January Uprising | Poles | Russian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1866 | Siberian Uprising
|
Poles | Russian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1905–1907
|
Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland | Poles | Russian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1914–1918
|
World War I
|
German Empire Austria-Hungary Polish LegionsCentral Powers | Russian Empire British Empire French Third Republic Polish Armed ForcesAllies | Treaty of Versailles |
Modern history[]
In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war. The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side. Later, at the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against Islamic terrorism on the NATO side.
Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1918–1919
|
Polish–Ukrainian War | Second Polish Republic Kingdom of Romania | West Ukrainian People's Republic Ukrainian People's Republic | Polish victory |
1918–1919
|
Greater Poland Uprising | Poles | Germans | Polish victory |
1918–1919 | Polish-German skirmishes | Second Polish Republic | Germans | Indecisive |
1919 | Polish coup attempt | Legal government | National Democracy | Failure of coup |
1919 | Polish–Czechoslovak War | Second Polish Republic | Czechoslovakia | Polish defeat
|
1919–1920/21
|
Polish–Soviet War | Second Polish Republic Ukrainian People's Republic | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic | Polish victoryPeace of Riga[N 2] |
1919–1921
|
Silesian Uprisings
|
Poles | Weimar Republic | Polish defeat (I)Indecisive (II)Polish victory (III) |
1919–1920[N 3]
|
Polish–Lithuanian War | Second Polish Republic | Lithuania Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | Polish victory |
1923 | Kraków riot | Second Polish Republic | Workers | Crushing of the rebellion |
1926 | May Coup | GovernmentStanisław Wojciechowski | SanationJózef Piłsudski | Józef Piłsudski's victory |
1932 | Lesko uprising | Sanation | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1938 | Capture of Zaolzie | Second Polish Republic | Czechoslovakia | Polish victory |
1939 | World War II – Invasion of Poland | Second Polish Republic | Nazi Germany Soviet Union Slovakia | Polish defeat |
1939–1945
|
World War II – Polish resistance movement | Polish Underground State | Nazi Germany Soviet Union | Partial liberation of Poland |
1939–1945
|
World War II – Polish Armed Forces | Polish government-in-exile United Kingdom France United StatesAllies | Nazi Germany Kingdom of ItalyAxis | Potsdam Conference |
1943–1945
|
World War II – Eastern Front | Soviet Union Polish Committee of National Liberation State National Council The Republic of Poland | Nazi Germany | Potsdam Conference |
1944–1956
|
Fights against Cursed soldiers | The Republic of Poland Soviet Union | Polish Underground State: Freedom and IndependenceNIENational Military Unionothers | Crushing of the rebellion |
1944–1949
|
Fights against Ukrainian Insurgent Army
|
Soviet Union The Republic of Poland Czechoslovakia | Ukrainian Insurgent Army | Crushing of the rebellion |
1944–1949 | Fights against Werwolf | The Republic of Poland Soviet Union | Werwolfothers | Crushing of the rebellion |
1945 | Polish–Czechoslovak border conflict of Kłodzko | The Republic of Poland | Czechoslovakia | Indecisive |
1956 | Poznań protests | People's Republic of Poland | Anti-communist civilian protesters | State military victory
|
1968 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia | Warsaw Pact: Soviet Union People's Republic of Poland People's Republic of Hungary People's Republic of Bulgaria East Germany | Czechoslovakia | Warsaw Pact victory
|
2001–present
|
War on Terror
|
USA United Kingdom Polandothers | al-Qaeda Talibanothers | Ongoing
|
See also[]
- History of the Polish Army
- List of wars
- Military of Poland
- Polish-Teutonic Wars
- Polish-Ottoman Wars
- Polish-Russian Wars
- Polish-Swedish wars
Notes[]
- ↑ also called Polish–Russian War of 1830–31
- ↑ Russian and Polish historians tend to assign victory to their respective countries. Outside assessments vary, mostly between calling the result a Polish victory or inconclusive. Lenin, in his secret report to the 9th Conference of the Bolshevik Party on 20 September 1920, called the outcome of the war, "In a word, a gigantic, unheard-of defeat."
- ↑ Lithuanian historiography: Spring 1919 – November 29, 1920 Polish historiography: September 1 – October 7, 1920
Footnotes[]
References[]
- Gąsowski, Tomasz (1999). Bitwy polskie: leksykon. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak. ISBN 83-7006-787-5.
- Kozłowski, Eligiusz; Wrzosek, Mieczysław (1984). Historia oręża polskiego 1795–1939. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0339-5.
- Lawson, M. K. (2004). Cnut – England's Viking King (2nd ed.). Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
- Nowak, Tadeusz M.; Wimmer, Jan (1981). Historia oręża polskiego 963–1795. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0133-3.
- Sikorski, Janusz (1972). Zarys historii wojskowości powszechnej do końca wieku XIX. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. OCLC 20835374.
The original article can be found at List of wars involving Poland and the edit history here.