The following is an incomplete list of major wars fought by Mongolia, by Mongolian people or regular armies during periods when independent Mongolian states existed, from antiquity to the present day
The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
- Mongolian victory
- Mongolian defeat
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
Xiongnu[]
This section contains list of wars involving Xiongnu and its state located on the territory of modern Mongolia.
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
9th century BC | Xiongnu raid on the Zhou | Xiongnu | Zhou Dynasty | Defeat |
4th–3rd century BC | Xiongnu raid on the Zhao | Xiongnu | Zhao (state) | Defeat |
215 BC | Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu | Xiongnu | Qin Dynasty | Defeat |
209 BC | The war against Donghu | Xiongnu | Donghu | Victory |
200 BC | Battle of Baideng | Xiongnu | Han Dynasty | Victory |
3rd century BC | The first war against Yuezhi | Xiongnu | Yuezhi | Different results |
2nd century BC | The second war against the Yuezhi | Xiongnu | Yuezhi | Victory |
133 BC – 89 AD | Han–Xiongnu War | Xiongnu | Han Dynasty | Defeat |
48–55 | War of Northern and Southern Xiongnu | Northern Xiongnu | Southern Xiongnu | Stabilization of relations |
Mongolian Tribes[]
This section contains list of wars involving Xianbei, Wuhuan, Wusun and other Mongol tribes.
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2nd century | Wuhuan Uprising | Wuhuan | Northern Xiongnu | Wuhuan Victory |
93 | Battle of Ikh Bayan | Xianbei | Xiongnu | Xianbei Victory. |
97–130 | Raids on cities Liaodong Peninsula | Xianbei | Han Dynasty | Unclear |
117 | Xianbei Conflict with Wusun | Xianbei | Wusun | Xianbei Defeat. |
119 | Raid on Ma-chen-sai | Xianbei | Xiongnu | Defeat. |
122 | The attack on Yanmen and Dingxiang | Xianbei | Han Dynasty | Defeat. |
123 | Attack's on Northern Xiongnu | Xianbei | Xiongnu | Victory |
155 | Dismemberment Xiongnu | Xianbei Han Dynasty |
Xiongnu | Victory. Xiongnu destroyed on four parts. |
2nd century | Xianbei-Buyeo conflict | Xianbei | Buyeo | Victory |
2nd century | Tanshihuay's campaign against Wusun | Xianbei | Wusun | Xianbei Victory |
177 | Xia Yu, Bian Yan and Tsang Ming campaign against Xianbei. | Xianbei | Han Dynasty | Victory |
2nd–3rd century | Helyan's raid on China. | Xianbei | Han Dynasty | Defeat. |
Rouran Khaganate[]
This section contains list of wars involving Rouran Khaganate
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
508–540 | Rouran-Tiele people wars | Rouran Khaganate | Tiele people | Victory |
554–555 | Rouran-Turkic war | Rouran Khaganate | Turkic Khaganate | Defeat. Destruction of Rouran Khaganate. |
Liao Empire|Liao Dynasty[]
This section contains list of wars involving Liao Dynasty
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
906–926 | The conquest of the Balhae State | Liao Dynasty | Balhae | Victory. Destruction of Balhae State. |
923–936 | The proxy war with the Later Tang | Liao Dynasty | Later Tang | Victory |
993 | First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War | Liao Dynasty | Kingdom of Goryeo | Victory |
1010–1011 | Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War | Liao Dynasty | Kingdom of Goryeo | Victory |
1019 | Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War | Liao Dynasty | Kingdom of Goryeo | Defeat |
1114–1125 | Jin-Khitan war | Liao Dynasty | Jin dynasty (1115–1234) | Defeat. Liao Empire destroyed. |
Mongol Empire[]
This section contains list of wars involving Mongol Empire
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1187 | Battle of Dalan Balzhat | Genghis Khan | Jamukha | Genghis Khan defeat |
1201 | Battle of the Thirteen sides | Genghis Khan | Jamukha | Genghis Khan victory |
1201–1205 | Conquest Forest Peoples (Southern Siberia) | Mongols | Forest Peoples | Victory |
1205–1210 | Mongol conquest of Western Xia | Mongols | Western Xia | Victory |
1209 | Mongol invasion of Kingdom of Qocho | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Qocho | Victory |
1211–1234 | Mongol conquest of the Jin Empire | Mongol Empire | Jin Empire | Victory |
1216–1218 | Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai | Mongol Empire | Qara Khitai | Victory |
1220–1223 | The Mongol conquest of Cumania | Mongol Empire | Kipchaks | Victory |
1220–1238 | Mongol invasions of Georgia | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Georgia | Victory |
1220–1236 | Mongol invasions of Armenia | Mongol Empire | Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia | Victory |
1221–1225 | First Mongol invasions of India | Mongol Empire | Punjab Sindh Kerman |
Victory |
1223–1240 | Mongol invasion of Rus | Mongol Empire | Vladimir-Suzdal Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia Novgorod Republic Smolensk Rostov Chernigov Ryazan Pereyaslavl |
Victory |
1223, 1229–1230, 1236 | The Mongol invasions of Volga Bulgaria | Mongol Empire | Volga Bulgaria | Victory |
1225–1227 | Punitive expedition in Western Xia | Mongol Empire | Western Xia | Victory |
1231 | First Mongol invasion of Korea | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Goryeo | Victory and Massacre |
1232 | Second Mongol invasion of Korea | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Goryeo | Defeat |
1235–1239 | Third Mongol invasion of Korea | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Goryeo | Victory |
14th century | Mongol invasion of Tibet | Mongol Empire | Tibet | Victory. |
1235–1279 | Mongol conquest of the Song Empire | Mongol Empire | Song dynasty | Victory |
1235–1241 | Mongol conquest of Kashmir | Mongol Empire | Kashmir Deli Sultanate |
Victory |
1237–1253 | First Mongol invasions of Dzurdzuketia | Mongol Empire | Chechens Ingush Ossetians Lezgins Avars Alans |
Defeat |
1240–1241 | First Mongol invasion of Poland | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Poland Holy Chinese Empire Knights Templar Teutonic Knights Knights Hospitaller |
Victory |
1241–1243 | Mongol invasion of Anatolia | Mongol Empire | Sultanate of Rum Georgian auxiliaries Trapezuntine auxiliaries Latin mercenaries |
Victory |
1242 | First Mongol invasion of Hungary | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Victory |
1242 | Mongol invasion of the Bulgarian Empire | Mongol Empire | Bulgarian Empire | Victory |
1242 | Mongol invasion of Serbia | Mongol Empire | Serbia | Victory |
1242 | Fourth Mongol invasion of Korea | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Goryeo | Victory |
1253 | Second Mongol invasions of Dzurdzuketia | Mongol Empire | Chechens Ingush Ossetians Lezgins Avars Alans |
Victory |
1253 | Mongolian conquest of Dali Kingdom | Mongol Empire | Dali Kingdom | Victory |
1254–1255 | Kashmir uprising | Mongol Empire | Kashmir rebels | Uprising crushed |
1255 | Fifth the Mongol invasion of Korea | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Goryeo | Victory |
1257–1258 | The Mongol invasion in the Abbasid Caliphate | Mongol Empire | Abbasid Caliphate | Victory |
1257–1258 | First Mongol invasion of Delhi Sultanate | Mongol Empire | Delhi Sultanate | Peaceful agreement |
1257–1258 | Dai Viet-Mongol War | Mongol Empire | Tran Dynasty Champa |
Defeat |
1258 | Sixth Mongol invasion of Korea | Mongol Empire | Kingdom of Goryeo | Peaceful agreement |
1259–1260 | Second Mongol invasion of Poland | Mongol Empire | Polish states | Victory |
1260 | The Mongol invasion of Syria | Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire Kingdom of England Knights Templar Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (1259–1264) |
Mamluk Sultanate Ayyubids Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (after 1264) Karamanid rebels Abbasid Caliphate |
Military Defeat |
1274 | First Mongol invasion of Japan | Mongol Empire | Kamakura Japan | Defeat |
1281 | Second Mongol invasion of Japan | Mongol Empire | Kamakura Japan | Defeat |
1293–1298 | Second Mongol invasion of Delhi Sultanate | Mongol Empire | Delhi Sultanate | Defeat |
Mongolian States[]
This section contains list of wars involving different Mongolian states existed between the 13th and 14th centuries.
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1252–1254 | Kuremsa raid on EastVolyn | Golden Horde | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Defeat |
1275–1276 | Ruthenians and Mongols winter raid to Lithuania | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Golden Horde |
Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Defeat |
1262 | Berke–Hulagu war | Golden Horde | Ilkhanate | Inconclusive |
1268–1301 | Kaidu–Kublai war | Yuan dynasty Ilkhanate |
Chagatai Khanate Golden Horde |
Inconclusive |
1277–1278 | First Mongol invasion of Burma | Yuan dynasty | Pagan Empire | Victory |
1282–1284 | The Mongol invasion of Champa | Yuan dynasty | Champa | Military Defeat |
1285 | Dai Viet-Mongol War | Yuan dynasty | Tran dynasty | Military Defeat |
1285–1286 | Second Mongol invasion of Hungary | Golden Horde | Kingdom of Hungary | Defeat |
1287–1288 | Third Mongol invasion of Poland | Golden Horde Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia |
Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary |
Defeat |
1287–1288 | Third Mongol invasion of Vietnam | Yuan dynasty | Tran dynasty | Defeat |
1287–1288 | Mongol invasion of Java | Yuan dynasty | Majapahit Empire Kingdom of Singhasari Kediri Kingdom |
Defeat |
1351–1368 | Red Turban Rebellion | Yuan dynasty | Red Turban Army | Defeat.Destruction of Yuan dynasty. |
1380 | Combining Blue-Horde and White-Horde | Wings of the Golden Horde | Wings of the Golden Horde | Inconclusive |
1380s and early 1390s | Tokhtamysh–Timur war | Golden Horde | Timurid Empire | Defeat |
1380–1480 | The overthrow of the Mongol domination in Moscow | Golden Horde | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Defeat |
Post-imperial Mongolia[]
This section contains list of wars involving different post-imperial Mongolian states (Northern Yuan Dynasty, Dzungar Khanate, Four Oirat)
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1388–1399 | Rise of the Oirats | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Four Oirat | Defeat. Creating a Western Mongolian state |
1409 | Battle of Kherlen | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Victory |
1409–1412 | First campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Defeat |
1413–1414 | Second campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Defeat |
1422 | Third campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Defeat |
1423 | Fourth campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Defeat |
1424 | Fifth campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Defeat |
1449 | Tumu Crisis | Oirats | Ming Dynasty | Victory |
1479–1510 | Second concatenate Mongolian tribes | Dayan Khan coalition | Various Taishis | Victory. Unification of the Mongols |
1500–1501 | Raid Dayan Khan on Ningxia | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Defeat |
1501–1507 | Northern Yuan-Ming Dynasty War | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Eventual Victory |
1538 | Uriankhai uprising | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Uriankhai | The revolt is suppressed |
1542 | Dayan Khan deathbed clash with Chinese troops | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty | Victory |
1600–1635 | Manchu conquest of Northern Yuan | Northern Yuan Dynasty | Later Jin | Defeat. The Fall of the Northern Yuan. |
1652–1718 | Zunghar-Kazakh War | Dzungar Khanate | Kazakh Khanate | Initial victory, later defeat |
1687–1698 | First Dzungar-Manchu War | Dzungar Khanate | Qing dynasty | Defeat |
1668 | Siege of Selenga prison | Mongol Tribes Qing dynasty |
Cossack Tsardom of Russia |
Defeat |
1715–1739 | Second Dzungar-Manchu War | Dzungar Khanate | Qing dynasty | Peaceful agreement |
1755–1759 | Third Dzungar-Manchu War | Dzungar Khanate | Qing dynasty | Defeat. Capture Dzungar Khanate. |
Beginning of the 20th century[]
This section contains list of wars involving different Mongolian states existed in the first half of the 20th century (Mongolia (1911–24), Buryat-Mongolia, Tuva).
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1911 | Mongolian Revolution of 1912 | ![]() |
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Victory. Establishment of an independent Mongolia. |
1914–1915 | ![]() |
Defeat. | ||
1917–1923 | Russian Civil War — Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War | Buryat-Mongolia Green Ukraine |
---- |
Defeat. |
1919–1921 | Occupation of Mongolia | ![]() Buryat-Mongolia |
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Later victory. /> * Mongolia military defeat * Asiatic Cavalry Division liberated Mongolia of 1921 |
1921 | Mongolian Revolution of 1921 | ![]() |
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The defeat of the government forces. * Creation of the Mongolian People's Republic |
Mongolian People's Republic[]
This section contains list of wars involving Mongolian People's Republic (and Japanese puppet state Inner Mongolia)
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1935–1937 | Suiyuan Campaign | ![]() ![]() |
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Defeat |
1939 | Battles of Khalkhin Gol | ![]() |
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Victory |
1939–1945 (Mongolia only in 1945) |
World War II in the Soviet–Japanese War |
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Victory (for Mongolian People's Republic) |
1946–1948 | Battle of Baitag Bogd | ![]() |
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Return to status quo ante bellum |
Sources[]
- https://web.archive.org/web/20160721035626/http://www.legendtour.ru/rus/mongolia/history/history.shtml
- http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/HPH/index.html
References[]
The original article can be found at List of wars involving Mongolia and the edit history here.