Self-propelled torpedoes dramatically increased effectiveness of submarine warships. Initial scouting patrols against surface warships sank several cruisers in the first month of World War I. Incidental encounters with merchant ships were handled by signalling the ship to stop and sinking the ship after removing the crew in accordance with international law. After unrestricted submarine warfare began in February 1915, any ship might unexpectedly sink rapidly from heavy underwater hull damage inflicted by torpedoes. Many large ships sank unknown to friendly forces, and the submarines which sank them were too small to rescue more than a few survivors.[1] Heavy personnel casualties continued through World War II, and there have been a few later sinkings.
List of ships sunk by submarines with death toll exceeding 300[]
Deaths | Name | Type | Nationality | Date | Submarine |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
9,343[2] | Wilhelm Gustloff | Cruise ship serving as evacuation ship | Nazi Germany | 30 January 1945 | S-13 |
6,500[3] | Goya | Passenger ship serving as evacuation ship | Nazi Germany | 16 April 1945 | L-3 |
5,620[4] | Junyō Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 18 September 1944 | HMS Tradewind |
5,400[5] | Toyama Maru | Troopship | Japan | 29 June 1944 | USS Sturgeon |
4,998[6] | Ryusei Maru | Troopship | Japan | 24 February 1944 | USS Rasher |
4,406-4,755[7] | Tamatsu Maru | Troopship | Japan | 19 August 1944 | USS Spadefish |
3,608[8] | General von Steuben | Ocean liner | Nazi Germany | 10 February 1945 | S-13 |
3,546[9] | Mayasan Maru | Troopship | Japan | 18 November 1944 | USS Picuda |
3,219[10] | Nikkin Maru | Troopship | Japan | 30 June 1944 | USS Tang |
3,000[6] | Tango Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 24 February 1944 | USS Rasher |
2,765[11] | ja | Troopship | Japan | 8 February 1944 | USS Snook |
2,670[5] | Petrella | Prisoner Transport | Nazi Germany | 8 February 1944 | HMS Sportsman |
2,665[7] | Teia Maru | Troopship | Japan | 19 August 1944 | USS Rasher |
2,649[12] | Yoshida Maru | Troopship | Japan | 26 April 1944 | USS Jack |
2,495[13] | Yoshino Maru | Troopship | Japan | 31 July 1944 | USS Parche |
2,495[13] | Sakito Maru | Troopship | Japan | 1 March 1944 | USS Trout |
2,246[9] | Akitsu Maru | Troopship | Japan | 14 November 1944 | USS Queenfish |
2,113[14] | Edogawa Maru | Troopship | Japan | 17 November 1944 | USS Sunfish |
2,089[15] | Dainichi Maru | Troopship | Japan | 8 October 1944 | Gurnard |
2,035[16] | Kamakura Maru | Troopship | Japan | 28 April 1943 | USS Gudgeon |
2,008[17] | Awa Maru | Ocean liner | Japan | 1 April 1945 | USS Queenfish |
2,000[5] | Ural Maru | Ocean liner | Japan | 27 September 1944 | USS Flasher |
1,934[13] | Nichiren Maru | Troopship | Japan | 16 March 1944 | USS Tautog |
1,926[18] | Principe Umberto | Troopship | Italy | 8 June 1916 | SM U-5 |
1,773[19] | Arisan Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 24 October 1944 | USS Snook or USS Shark |
1,747[13] | Arabia Maru | Troopship | Japan | 18 October 1944 | USS Bluegill |
1,704[13] | Denmark Maru | Troopship | Japan | 16 January 1944 | USS Whale |
1,650[20] | Taihō | Aircraft carrier | Japan | 19 June 1944 | USS Albacore |
1,621[21] | Laconia | Ocean liner serving as POW ship | UK | 12 September 1942 | U-156 |
1,602[13] | Daisyō Maru | Troopship | Japan | 26 October 1944 | USS Drum |
1,576[13] | Marei Maru | Troopship | Japan | 25 January 1945 | USS Silversides |
1,540[6] | Kōshū Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 4 August 1944 | USS Ray |
1,539[13] | Kenzui Maru | Troopship | Japan | 23 December 1944 | USS Blenny |
1,529[22] | Tsushima Maru | Passenger/cargo ship serving as evacuation ship | Japan | 22 August 1944 | USS Bowfin |
1,471[13] | Jinyō Maru | Troopship | Japan | 7 December 1944 | USS Trepang |
1,451[13] | ja | Troopship | Japan | 25 October 1944 | USS Seal |
1,450[13] | Maebashi Maru | Troopship | Japan | 30 September 1943 | USS Pogy |
1,435[16] | Shinano | Aircraft carrier | Japan | 29 November 1944 | USS Archer-Fish |
1,428[13] | Shiranesan Maru | Troopship | Japan | 19 October 1944 | USS Raton |
1,400[16] | Tatsuta Maru | Troopship | Japan | 9 February 1943 | USS Tarpon |
1,338[23] | SS Gallia | Troopship | France | 8 October 1916 | SM U-35 |
1,300 | Ashigara | Cruiser | Japan | 8 June 1945 | HMS Trenchant |
1,291[24] | Conte Rosso | Troopship | Italy | 24 May 1941 | HMS Upholder |
1,279[25] | Khedive Ismail | Troopship | UK | 12 February 1944 | I-27 |
1,272[16] | Shōkaku | Aircraft carrier | Japan | 19 June 1944 | USS Cavalla |
1,250[16] | Chūyō | Aircraft carrier | Japan | 4 December 1943 | USS Sailfish |
1,240[16] | Unryū | Aircraft carrier | Japan | 19 December 1944 | USS Redfish |
1,201[26] | Lusitania | Ocean liner | UK | 7 May 1915 | SM U-20 |
1,200[6] | Takachiko Maru | Ocean liner | Japan | 19 March 1943 | USS Kingfish |
1,200[27] | Kongō | Battleship | Japan | 21 November 1944 | USS Sealion |
1,188[28] | Yasukuni Maru | Troopship | Japan | 24 January 1944 | USS Trigger |
1,130[29] | Shinyo | aircraft carrier | Japan | 17 November 1944 | USS Spadefish |
1,053[30] | Montevideo Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 1 July 1942 | USS Sturgeon |
995[31] | Galilea | Troopship | Italy | 28 March 1942 | HMS Proteus |
956[16] | Taihei Maru | Troopship | Japan | 9 July 1944 | USS Sunfish |
935[32] | HMT Royal Edward | Troopship | UK | 13 August 1915 | SM UB-14 |
921[33] | Città di Palermo | Armed merchant cruiser serving as troopship | Italy | 5 January 1942 | HMS Proteus |
930[34] | La Provence | Troopship | France | 26 February 1916 | SM U-35 |
883[35] | USS Indianapolis | Cruiser | USA | 30 July 1945 | I-58 |
880[36] | Verona | Troopship | Italy | 11 May 1918 | SM UC-52 |
870[37] | Minas | Troopship | Italy | 15 February 1917 | SM U-39 |
865[38] | Arandora Star | Ocean liner serving as POW ship | UK | 2 July 1940 | U-47 |
862[39] | HMS Barham | Battleship | UK | 25 November 1941 | U-331 |
856[40] | Nova Scotia | Troopship/POW ship | UK | 28 November 1942 | U-177 |
846[41] | Lisbon Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 1 October 1942 | USS Grouper |
819[42] | Leopoldville | Troopship | Belgium | 24 December 1944 | U-486 |
817[16] | Taiyō Maru | Ocean liner | Japan | 8 May 1942 | USS Grenadier |
800[24] | Francesco Crispi | Troopship | Italy | 19 April 1943 | HMS Saracen |
787[43] | SS Scillin | Cargo ship serving as POW ship | Italy | 14 November 1942 | HMS Sahib |
786[44] | HMS Royal Oak | Battleship | UK | 14 October 1939 | U-47 |
768[45] | Struma | Motor schooner | Panama | 24 February 1942 | Shch-213 |
754[46] | Athos | Ocean liner | France | 17 February 1917 | SM U-65 |
747[16] | Taiyō | Aircraft carrier | Japan | 18 August 1944 | USS Rasher |
740[47] | Le Calvados | Troopship | France | 4 November 1915 | SM U-38 |
700[48] | Shuntien | Coastal passenger & cargo ship serving as POW ship | UK | 23 December 1941 | U-559 |
688[49] | Shinyo Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 7 September 1944 | USS Paddle |
684[50] | Léon Gambetta | Cruiser | France | 27 April 1915 | SM U-5 |
683 [51] | USS Juneau | Cruiser | USA | 13 November 1942 | I-26 |
675[52] | USAT Dorchester | Troopship | USA | 3 February 1943 | U-223 |
672[53] | SMS Prinz Adalbert | Cruiser | German Empire | 23 October 1915 | HMS E8 |
654[54] | Ceramic | Ocean liner | UK | 7 December 1942 | U-515 |
656[16] | Rakuyo Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 12 September 1944 | USS Pampanito |
648[55] | Suffren | Battleship | France | 26 November 1916 | SM U-52 |
644[56] | USS Liscombe Bay | Aircraft carrier | USA | 24 November 1943 | I-175 |
643[57] | Hampshire | armoured cruiser | UK | 5 June 1916 | SM U-75 |
638[58] | Sant Anna | Troopship | France | 11 May 1918 | SM UC-54 |
615[6] | Suez Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 29 November 1943 | USS Bonefish |
611[59] | Sidi-Bel-Abbès | Troopship | France | 20 April 1943 | U-565 |
610[60] | HMT Aragon | Troopship | UK | 30 December 1917 | SM UC-34 |
597[61] | Pallada | Cruiser | Russian Empire | 11 October 1914 | SM U-26 |
562[62] | HMS Cressy | Cruiser | UK | 22 September 1914 | SM U-9 |
555[63] | Euterpe | Troopship | Austria-Hungary | 11 August 1918 | F 7 |
547[64] | HMS Formidable | Battleship | UK | 1 January 1915 | SM U-24 |
544[6] | Konron Maru | Troopship | Japan | 5 October 1943 | USS Wahoo |
530[65] | Leinster | Cross Channel Ferry | UK | 10 October 1918 | SM UB-123 |
527[66] | HMS Aboukir | Cruiser | UK | 22 September 1914 | SM U-9 |
526[67] | HMS Hawke | Cruiser | UK | 15 October 1914 | SM U-9 |
523[12] | Aden Maru | Troopship | Japan | 6 May 1944 | USS Gurnard |
518[44] | HMS Courageous | Aircraft carrier | UK | 17 September 1939 | U-29 |
514[68] | HMS Avenger | Aircraft carrier | UK | 15 November 1942 | U-155 |
500[6] | Shinyu Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 24 November 1943 | USS Redfin |
500~[69] | Rooseboom | Troopship | Netherlands | 1 March 1942 | I-59 |
497[70] | Tembien | Cargo ship serving as POW ship | Italy | 27 February 1942 | HMS Upholder |
488[16] | ja | Hell ship | Japan | 12 September 1944 | USS Pampanito |
484[71] | Yoma | Troopship | UK | 17 June 1943 | U-81 |
470[72] | HMS Galatea | Cruiser | UK | 14 December 1941 | U-557 |
464[73] | Armando Diaz | Cruiser | Italy | 25 February 1941 | HMS Upright |
461[6] | Ikoma Maru | Hell ship | Japan | 20 January 1944 | USS Seahorse |
450[74] | Bahia Laura | Troopship | Nazi Germany | 30 August 1941 | HMS Trident |
450[75] | Tama | cruiser | Japan | 20 October 1944 | USS Jallao |
448[14] | Seisho Maru | Troopship | Japan | 18 November 1944 | USS Sunfish |
440[76] | Asama Maru | hell ship | Japan | 1 November 1944 | USS Atule |
436[77] | Djemnah | Ocean liner | France | 14 July 1918 | SM UB-105 |
419[78] | HMS Dunedin | Cruiser | UK | 24 November 1941 | U-124 |
417[79] | HMS Penelope | Cruiser | UK | 18 February 1944 | U-410 |
414[80] | Transylvania | Troopship | UK | 4 May 1917 | SM U-63 |
400[81] | Balkan | Troopship | France | 16 August 1918 | SM UB-48 |
392[82] | Empress of Canada | Troopship | UK | 13 March 1943 | Leonardo Da Vinci |
381[83] | Giovanni delle Bande Nere | Cruiser | Italy | 1 April 1942 | HMS Urge |
379[84] | Brazza | Ocean liner | France | 28 May 1940 | U-37 |
375[85] | HMS Hogue | Cruiser | UK | 22 September 1914 | SM U-9 |
374[86] | Amiral Charner | Cruiser | France | 8 February 1916 | SM U-21 |
373[87] | Marina Raskova | Merchant ship | USSR | 13 August 1944 | U-365 |
369[88] | HMS Fidelity | Q-ship | UK | 30 December 1942 | U-435 |
364[89] | Doggerbank | Blockade runner | Nazi Germany | 3 March 1943 | U-43 |
362[90] | Abosso | Ocean liner | UK | 29 October 1942 | U-575 |
360[91] | Calabria | Cargo and passenger liner | UK | 8 December 1940 | U-103 |
360[92] | Almeda Star | Ocean liner | UK | 17 January 1941 | U-96 |
360[93] | Atago | Cruiser | Japan | 23 October 1944 | USS Darter |
349[94] | Nagara | Cruiser | Japan | 7 August 1944 | USS Croaker |
344[95] | Medjerda | Troopship | France | 11 May 1917 | SM U-34 |
343[96] | Emma | Cargo ship/Troopship | Italy | 16 January 1943 | HMS Splendid |
336[97] | Maya | Cruiser | Japan | 23 October 1944 | USS Dace |
336[98] | Diana | Aviso | Italy | 29 June 1942 | HMS Thrasher |
334[99] | Persia | Ocean liner | UK | 30 December 1915 | SM U-38 |
330[100] | Natori | Cruiser | Japan | 18 August 1944 | USS Hardhead |
323[101] | ARA General Belgrano | Cruiser | Argentina | 2 May 1982 | HMS Conqueror |
320[102] | Sebastiano Venier | Cargo ship serving as POW ship | Italy | 9 December 1941 | HMS Porpoise |
307[6] | Urakaze | Destroyer | Japan | 21 November 1944 | USS Sealion II |
305[6] | Mefküre | Motor schooner | Turkey | 5 August 1944 | Shch-215 |
300[103] | Andrea Sgarallino | Passenger steamer | Italy | 22 September 1943 | HMS Uproar |
References[]
- ↑ Tarrant, V.E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive 1914-1945. Arms and Armour. pp. 7–14. ISBN 1-85409-520-X.
- ↑ "A Memorial to The Wilhelm Gustloff". Jason Pipes. http://www.feldgrau.com/wilhelmgustloff.html. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ↑ Goralski, Robert (1981). World War II Almanac: 1931-1945. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 397. ISBN 0-399-12548-5.
- ↑ van der Kuil, Peter (March 2003). "List of Casualties". The Sinking of the Junyo Maru. http://members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/junyopg8.html.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Greatest Maritime Disasters". International Registry of Sunken Ships. http://www.shipwreckregistry.com/index6.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 "More Maritime Disasters of World War II". George Duncan. http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/maritime-2a.html. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Convoy Hi-71 (ヒ71船団)". All Japan Seamen's Union. http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/hi71.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ↑ "SS General von Steuben [+1945"]. WreckSite. http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?59620. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Convoy Hi-81 (ヒ81船団)". All Japan Seamen's Union. http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/hi81.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ↑ "Nikkin Maru - Casualties (日錦丸の被害)". All Japan Seamen's Union. http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/nikkin.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ↑ "Convoy Mo-Ta-06 (モタ61船団)". All Japan Seamen's Union. http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/mota02.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Convoy Take Ichi". All Japan Seamen's Union. http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/take.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 "List of sunken ships in Pacific War (太平洋戦争時の喪失船舶明細表)". Sunken Ships Record Association (戦没船を記録する会). http://www.ric.hi-ho.ne.jp/senbotusen/siryo-deta/senbotukisenlist.pdf. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Convoy Mi-27". All Japan Seamen's Union. http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/mi27.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ↑ "Convoy 772 (第772船団)". All Japan Seamen's Union. http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/772.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 "List of Casualties - Japanese". WreckSite. http://www.wrecksite.eu/casualty-list.aspx?nat=17. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ Weland, Gerald (October 2010). "Sinking the Awa Maru: Captain Loughlin's Disastrous Mistake". Sea Classics.
- ↑ Favre, Franco (in Italian). La marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico. p. 145. Other sources say 1,750 victims.
- ↑ Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory. J.B. Lippincott Company. p. 744.
- ↑ Brown, David (1995). Warship Losses of World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 112. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- ↑ "Laconia Incident". Uboataces. http://www.uboataces.com/battle-laconia.shtml. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ↑ "Tsushima Maru". Cruise Line Fans. http://www.cruiselinefans.com/ask-cruise-question/5391-lost-ships-great-legends-42.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Armed merchant cruiser Gallia". Uboataces. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2357.html. Retrieved 2013-11-10.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 "List of Casualties". WreckSite. http://www.wrecksite.eu/casualty-list.aspx?nat=6. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ "HIJMS Submarine I-27: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. http://www.combinedfleet.com/I-27.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-30.
- ↑ Tarrant, V.E. The U-Boat Offensive 1914-1945 (2000) Sterling Publishing ISBN 1-85409-520-X, p.21
- ↑ "IJN Kongo: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. http://www.combinedfleet.com/kongo.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Hackett, Robert; Kingsepp, Sander; Cundall, Peter (1998–2012). "IJN Submarine Tender Yasukuni Maru: Tabular Record of Movement". Imperial Japanese Navy Page. combinedfleet.com. http://www.combinedfleet.com/Yasukuni%20Maru_t.htm.
- ↑ Tully, Anthony (2002). "IJN Shinyo: Tabular Record of Movement". Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Carrier Fleet. combinedfleet.com. http://www.combinedfleet.com/Shinyo.htm.
- ↑ "Montevideo Maru". Cruise Line Fans. http://www.cruiselinefans.com/ask-cruise-question/5391-lost-ships-great-legends-41.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Rolando Notarangelo, Gian Paolo Pagano, Navi mercantili perdute, USMM, p.XVI
- ↑ Wise, James E; Baron, Scott (2004). Soldiers Lost at Sea: A Chronicle of Troopship Disasters. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-59114-966-8. OCLC 52182511.
- ↑ [1]. Other sources say 600-700 killed.
- ↑ "La Provence". GreatShips.Net. http://www.greatships.net/provence.html. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
- ↑ Brown, David (1995). Warship Losses of World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 156. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- ↑ "Verona". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/7357.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Minas". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/7324.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "SS Arandora Star". Colonsay. http://www.colonsay.org.uk/arandoraPt1.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ↑ Brown, David (1995). Warship Losses of World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 52. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- ↑ "RMS Nova Scotia". Mercantile Marine. http://www.mercantilemarine.org/showthread.php?t=2826. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
- ↑ "Lisbon Maru". Cruise Line Fans. http://www.cruiselinefans.com/ask-cruise-question/5391-lost-ships-great-legends-41.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Leopoldville". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3399.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ La vera storia dell'affondamento dello Scillin
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Brown, David (1995). Warship Losses of World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 27. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- ↑ "SS Struma". Cruise Line Fans. http://www.cruiselinefans.com/ask-cruise-question/5391-lost-ships-great-legends-41.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Athos". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/525.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Le Calvados". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/7380.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Shuntien". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1234.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Erickson, James W (2006). "Roster of Allied Prisoners of War believed aboard Shinyo Maru when torpedoed and sunk 7 September 1944". Japanese-pow Home Page. West-Point.org. http://www.west-point.org/family/japanese-pow/ShinyoMaruRosterJPW.html. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ↑ "Leon Gambetta". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/3566.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Frank (1990). Guadalcanal. Random House. p. 459. ISBN 0-394-58875-4.
- ↑ "Dorchester". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2616.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Prinz Adalbert [+1915"]. WreckSite. http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?137747. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
- ↑ "Ceramic". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2496.html. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
- ↑ "Suffren". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5825.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Brown, David (1995). Warship Losses of World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 74. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- ↑ "Armored cruiser HMS Hampshire". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2691.html. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
- ↑ "Sant Anna". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5425.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Sidi-Bel-Abbès". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2874.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Aragon". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/402.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Pallada". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/4641.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Cressy". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1491.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Euterpe
- ↑ Tarrant, V.E. (2000). The U-Boat Offensive 1914-1945. Sterling Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 1-85409-520-X.
- ↑ "Leinster". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/3552.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Aboukir". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/20.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Hawke". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2760.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "HMS Avenger (D14)". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2433.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "SS Rooseboom (+1942)". WreckSite. 2012-11-04. http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?17527.
- ↑ Giorgio Giorgerini, La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina tra vittoria e sconfitta 1940-1943, p. 519
- ↑ "Yoma". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2953.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "HMS Galatea (71)". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1225.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Ritrovato il relitto dell'incrociatore Diaz. Other sources (Giorgio Giorgerini, La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina fra vittoria e sconfitta 1940-1943, and Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale) says 500 victims.
- ↑ "Prince Line". The Merchant Navy Association. http://www.red-duster.co.uk/PRINCE12.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ↑ Hackett, Robert; Kingsepp, Sander (1997–2012). "IJN Light Cruiser Tama: Tabular Record of Movement". Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Cruiser Force. combinedfleet.com. http://www.combinedfleet.com/tama_t.htm.
- ↑ Pocock, Michael W (2007-12-27). "Asama Maru (1929)". MaritimeQuest. http://www.maritimequest.com/liners/02_pages/a/asama_maru_1929_data.htm.
- ↑ "Djemnah". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1666.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "HMS Dunedin (D93)". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1205.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "HMS Penelope (97)". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3190.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "SS Transylvania". Clydebuilt. http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19107. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
- ↑ "Balkan". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/611.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Jordan, Roger (2006). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 110. ISBN 1-59114-959-2.
- ↑ Vita operativa degli incrociatori
- ↑ "Brazza". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/327.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Hogue". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2873.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Amiral Charner". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/250.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Marina Raskova". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3313.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "HMS Fidelity (D57)". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2560.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Doggerbank". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2707.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Abosso". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2319.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Calabria". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/710.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Almeda Star". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/739.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory. J.B. Lippincott Company. p. 730.
- ↑ "HIJMS NAGARA: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. http://www.combinedfleet.com/nagara_t.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "Medjerda". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/4058.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale, pp. 273-274
- ↑ Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941-1945). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 328.
- ↑ Enrico Cernuschi, Maurizio Brescia, Erminio Bagnasco, Le navi ospedale italiane 1935-1945, p. 44
- ↑ "Persia". Uboat.net. http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/4752.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "IJN NATORI: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. http://www.combinedfleet.com/natori_t.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ "The sinking of the ARA General Belgrano". Bob Henneman. http://www.bobhenneman.info/belgrano.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ↑ British Submarine Porpoise
- ↑ L'affondamento dello Sgarallino Other sources say about 330 people were killed.
The original article can be found at List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll and the edit history here.