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CTBT Participation

Participation in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

  Annex 2, signed and ratified
  Annex 2, only signed
  Annex 2, non-signatory

  Not Annex 2, signed and ratified
  Not Annex 2, only signed
  Not Annex 2, non-signatory

The contracting states to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) are the states that have signed and ratified the international agreement banning all nuclear explosions in all environments. Technically they will not be "parties" until the treaty enters into force,[1] at which point these states will also be Member States of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). Non-contracting states are also listed, including those that are signatories and those are not. States Signatories are Members of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission.

On September 24, 1996, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) was opened for signature. All five nuclear weapons states recognized under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) signed the treaty, with 66 other states following that day.[2] Fiji became the first state to ratify the treaty on October 10, 1996. Currently, 183 states have signed and 161 states have ratified the treaty. Most recently, Niue signed and Iraq ratified the treaty on April 9, 2012 and September 26, 2013 respectively.[3][4][5]

Signatures are received at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City by authorized representatives of the state.[6] Ratification is achieved with the approval of either or both chamber of the legislature and executive of the state. The instrument of ratification serves as the document binding the state to the international treaty and can be accepted only with the validating signature of the head of state or other official with full powers to sign it.[7] The instrument is deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.[8]

Under the CTBT, there are 195 Annex 1 states[9] which include a subset of 44 Annex 2 states.[10]

  • Annex 1 states are agreed upon by conference and currently comprise all 193 United Nations member states, the Cook Islands, Holy See and Niue. All Annex 1 states may become members of the Executive Council, the principal decision-making body of the organization responsible for supervising its activities.[11] These states are formally bound to the conditions of the treaty; however, their ratification is not necessary for the treaty to come into effect (unless they are also an Annex 2 state).
  • Annex 2 states are those that formally participated in the 1996 Conference on Disarmament and possessed nuclear power or research reactors at the time.[12] Eight Annex 2 states have not ratified the treaty: China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the United States have already signed the Treaty, whereas India, North Korea and Pakistan have not signed it. The treaty will come into force only with the signature and ratification of the above Annex 2 states of the treaty, 180 days after they have all deposited their instruments of ratification.[13]

Summary[]

Status Annex 2 states Not Annex 2 states Total Membership
Signed and ratified 36 125 161 Parties to the CTBT
Member States of the CTBT Preparatory Commission
Member States of the CTBTO (after entry into force)
Only signed 5 17 22 Member States of the CTBT Preparatory Commission
Non-signatory 3 10 13
Total 44 152 196

Ratifying states[]

State[5] Annex Signed[3] Ratified[3]
Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan 1 Sep 24, 2003 Sep 24, 2003
Flag of Albania Albania 1 Sep 27, 1996 Apr 23, 2003
Flag of Algeria Algeria 21, 2 Oct 15, 1996 Jul 11, 2003
Flag of Andorra Andorra 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 12, 2006
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda 1 Apr 16, 1997 Jan 11, 2006
Flag of Argentina Argentina 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 4, 1998
Flag of Armenia Armenia 1 Oct 1, 1996 Jul 12, 2006
Flag of Australia Australia 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 9, 1998
Flag of Austria Austria 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 13, 1998
Flag of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 1 Jul 28, 1997 Feb 2, 1999
Flag of the Bahamas Bahamas 1 Feb 4, 2005 Nov 30, 2007
Flag of Bahrain Bahrain 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 12, 2004
Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh 21, 2 Oct 24, 1996 Mar 8, 2000
Flag of Barbados Barbados 1 Jan 14, 2008 Jan 14, 2008
Flag of Belarus Belarus 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 13, 2000
Flag of Belgium (civil) Belgium 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 29, 1999
Flag of Belize Belize 1 Nov 14, 2001 Mar 26, 2004
Flag of Benin Benin 1 Sep 27, 1996 Mar 6, 2001
Flag of Bolivia Bolivia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 4, 1999
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 26, 2006
Flag of Botswana Botswana 1 Sep 16, 2002 Oct 28, 2002
Flag of Brazil Brazil 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 24, 1998
Flag of Brunei Brunei 1 Jan 22, 1997 Jan 10, 2013
Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 29, 1999
Flag of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 1 Sep 27, 1996 Apr 17, 2002
Flag of Burundi Burundi 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 24, 2008
Flag of Cambodia Cambodia 1 Sep 26, 1996 Nov 10, 2000
Flag of Cameroon Cameroon 1 Nov 16, 2001 Feb 6, 2006
Flag of Canada Canada 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 18, 1998
Flag of Cape Verde Cape Verde 1 Oct 1, 1996 Mar 1, 2006
Flag of the Central African Republic Central African Republic 1 Dec 19, 2001 May 26, 2010
Flag of Chad Chad 1 Oct 18, 1996 Feb 8, 2013
Flag of Chile Chile 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 12, 2000
Flag of Colombia Colombia 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jan 29, 2008
Flag of the Cook Islands Cook Islands 1 Dec 5, 1997 Sep 6, 2005
Flag of Costa Rica Costa Rica 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 25, 2001
Flag of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire 1 Sep 25, 1996 Mar 11, 2003
Flag of Croatia Croatia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 2, 2001
Flag of Cyprus Cyprus 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 18, 2003
Flag of the Czech Republic Czech Republic 1 Nov 12, 1996 Sep 11, 1997
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 21, 2 Oct 4, 1996 Sep 28, 2004
Flag of Denmark Denmark 1 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 21, 1998
Flag of Djibouti Djibouti 1 Oct 21, 1996 Jul 15, 2005
Flag of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 1 Oct 3, 1996 Sep 4, 2007
Flag of Ecuador Ecuador 1 Sep 24, 1996 Nov 12, 2001
Flag of El Salvador El Salvador 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 11, 1998
Flag of Eritrea Eritrea 1 Nov 11, 2003 Nov 11, 2003
Flag of Estonia Estonia 1 Nov 20, 1996 Aug 13, 1999
Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia 1 Sep 25, 1996 Aug 8, 2006
Flag of Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 25, 1997
Flag of Fiji Fiji 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 10, 1996
Flag of Finland Finland 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jan 15, 1999
Flag of France France 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 6, 1998
Flag of Gabon Gabon 1 Oct 7, 1996 Sep 20, 2000
Flag of Georgia Georgia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 27, 2002
Flag of Germany Germany 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Aug 20, 1998
Flag of Ghana Ghana 1 Oct 3, 1996 Jun 14, 2011
Flag of Greece Greece 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 21, 1999
Flag of Grenada Grenada 1 Oct 10, 1996 Aug 19, 1998
Flag of Guatemala Guatemala 1 Sep 20, 1999 Jan 12, 2012
Flag of Guinea Guinea 1 Oct 3, 1996 Sep 20, 2011
Flag of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 1 Apr 11, 1997 Sep 24, 2013
Flag of Guyana Guyana 1 Sep 7, 2000 Mar 7, 2001
Flag of Haiti Haiti 1 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 1, 2005
Flag of the Vatican City Holy See 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 18, 2001
Flag of Honduras Honduras 1 Sep 25, 1996 Oct 30, 2003
Flag of Hungary Hungary 21, 2 Sep 25, 1996 Jul 13, 1999
Flag of Iceland Iceland 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 26, 2000
Flag of Indonesia Indonesia 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 6, 2012
Flag of Iraq Iraq 1 Aug 19, 2008 Sep 26, 2013
Flag of Ireland Ireland 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 15, 1999
Flag of Italy Italy 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 1, 1999
Flag of Jamaica Jamaica 1 Nov 11, 1996 Nov 13, 2001
Flag of Japan Japan 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 8, 1997
Flag of Jordan Jordan 1 Sep 26, 1996 Aug 25, 1998
Flag of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1 Sep 30, 1996 May 14, 2002
Flag of Kenya Kenya 1 Nov 14, 1996 Nov 30, 2000
Flag of Kiribati Kiribati 1 Sep 7, 2000 Sep 7, 2000
Flag of Kuwait Kuwait 1 Sep 24, 1996 May 6, 2003
Flag of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 1 Oct 8, 1996 Oct 2, 2003
Flag of Laos Laos 1 Jul 30, 1997 Oct 5, 2000
Flag of Latvia Latvia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Nov 20, 2001
Flag of Lebanon Lebanon 1 Sep 16, 2005 Nov 11, 2008
Flag of Lesotho Lesotho 1 Sep 30, 1996 Sep 14, 1999
Flag of Liberia Liberia 1 Oct 1, 1996 Aug 17, 2009
Flag of Libya Libya 1 Nov 13, 2001 Jan 6, 2004
Flag of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein 1 Sep 27, 1996 Sep 21, 2004
Flag of Lithuania Lithuania 1 Oct 7, 1996 Feb 7, 2000
Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg 1 Sep 24, 1996 May 26, 1999
Flag of Macedonia Macedonia 1 Oct 29, 1998 Mar 14, 2000
Flag of Madagascar Madagascar 1 Oct 9, 1996 Sep 15, 2005
Flag of Malawi Malawi 1 Oct 9, 1996 Nov 11, 2008
Flag of Malaysia Malaysia 1 Jul 23, 1998 Jan 17, 2008
Flag of Maldives Maldives 1 Oct 1, 1997 Sep 7, 2000
Flag of Mali Mali 1 Feb 18, 1997 Aug 4, 1999
Flag of Malta Malta 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 23, 2001
Flag of the Marshall Islands Marshall Islands 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 28, 2009
Flag of Mauritania Mauritania 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 30, 2003
Flag of Mexico Mexico 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 5, 1999
Flag of Moldova Moldova 1 Sep 24, 1997 Jan 16, 2007
Flag of Monaco Monaco 1 Oct 1, 1996 Dec 18, 1998
Flag of Mongolia Mongolia 1 Oct 1, 1996 Aug 8, 1997
Flag of Montenegro Montenegro
(succession from Serbia and Montenegro)
1 Oct 23, 2006 Oct 23, 2006
Flag of Morocco Morocco 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 17, 2000
Flag of Mozambique Mozambique 1 Sep 26, 1996 Nov 4, 2008
Flag of Namibia Namibia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 29, 2001
Flag of Nauru Nauru 1 Sep 8, 2000 Nov 12, 2001
Kingdom of the Netherlands Netherlands 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 23, 1999
Flag of New Zealand New Zealand 1 Sep 27, 1996 Mar 19, 1999
Flag of Nicaragua Nicaragua 1 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 5, 2000
Flag of Niger Niger 1 Oct 3, 1996 Sep 9, 2002
Flag of Nigeria Nigeria 1 Sep 8, 2000 Sep 27, 2001
Flag of Norway Norway 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 15, 1999
Flag of Oman Oman 1 Sep 23, 1999 Jun 13, 2003
Flag of Palau Palau 1 Aug 12, 2003 Aug 1, 2007
Flag of Panama Panama 1 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 23, 1999
Flag of Paraguay Paraguay 1 Sep 25, 1996 Oct 4, 2001
Flag of Peru Peru 21, 2 Sep 25, 1996 Nov 12, 1997
Flag of the Philippines Philippines 1 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 23, 2001
Flag of Poland Poland 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 May 25, 1999
Flag of Portugal Portugal 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 26, 2000
Flag of Qatar Qatar 1 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 3, 1997
Flag of Romania Romania 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 5, 1999
Flag of Russia Russia 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 30, 2000
Flag of Rwanda Rwanda 1 Nov 30, 2004 Nov 30, 2004
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 Mar 23, 2004 Apr 27, 2005
Flag of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia 1 Oct 4, 1996 Apr 5, 2001
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 Jul 2, 2009 Sep 23, 2009
Flag of Samoa Samoa 1 Oct 9, 1996 Sep 27, 2002
Flag of San Marino San Marino 1 Oct 7, 1996 Mar 12, 2002
Flag of Senegal Senegal 1 Sep 26, 1996 Jun 9, 1999
Flag of Serbia Serbia
(continuing the membership of Serbia and Montenegro)
1 Jun 8, 2001 May 19, 2004
Flag of the Seychelles Seychelles 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 13, 2004
Flag of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 1 Sep 8, 2000 Sep 17, 2001
Flag of Singapore Singapore 1 Jan 14, 1999 Nov 10, 2001
Flag of Slovakia Slovakia 21, 2 Sep 30, 1996 Mar 3, 1998
Flag of Slovenia Slovenia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Aug 31, 1999
Flag of South Africa South Africa 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 30, 1999
Flag of South Korea South Korea 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 24, 1999
Flag of Spain Spain 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 31, 1998
Flag of Sudan Sudan 1 Jun 10, 2004 Jun 10, 2004
Flag of Suriname Suriname 1 Jan 14, 1997 Feb 7, 2006
Flag of Sweden Sweden 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 2, 1998
Flag of Switzerland  Switzerland 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 1, 1999
Flag of Tajikistan Tajikistan 1 Oct 7, 1996 Jun 10, 1998
Flag of Tanzania Tanzania 1 Sep 30, 2004 Sep 30, 2004
Flag of Togo Togo 1 Oct 2, 1996 Jul 2, 2004
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 1 Oct 8, 2009 May 26, 2010
Flag of Tunisia Tunisia 1 Oct 16, 1996 Sep 23, 2004
Flag of Turkey Turkey 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 16, 2000
Flag of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 1 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 20, 1998
Flag of Uganda Uganda 1 Nov 7, 1996 Mar 14, 2001
Flag of Ukraine Ukraine 21, 2 Sep 27, 1996 Feb 23, 2001
Flag of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 1 Sep 25, 1996 Sep 18, 2000
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 6, 1998
Flag of Uruguay Uruguay 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 21, 2001
Flag of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 1 Oct 3, 1996 May 29, 1997
Flag of Vanuatu Vanuatu 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 16, 2005
Flag of Venezuela Venezuela 1 Oct 3, 1996 May 13, 2002
Flag of Vietnam Vietnam 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 10, 2006
Flag of Zambia Zambia 1 Dec 3, 1996 Feb 23, 2006

States that have signed but not ratified[]

State Annex Signed[3]
Flag of Angola Angola 1 Sep 27, 1996
Flag of the People's Republic of China China 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996
Flag of the Comoros Comoros 1 Dec 12, 1996
Flag of the Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo 1 Feb 11, 1997
Flag of Egypt Egypt 21, 2 Oct 14, 1996
Flag of Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 1 Oct 9, 1996
Flag of The Gambia Gambia 1 Apr 9, 2003
Flag of Iran Iran 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996
Flag of Israel Israel 21, 2 Sep 25, 1996
Flag of Myanmar Myanmar 1 Nov 25, 1996
Flag of Nepal   Nepal 1 Oct 8, 1996
Flag of Niue Niue 1 Apr 9, 2012
Flag of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 1 Sep 25, 1996
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe São Tomé and Príncipe 1 Sep 26, 1996
Flag of the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands 1 Oct 3, 1996
Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 1 Oct 24, 1996
Flag of Swaziland Swaziland 1 Sep 24, 1996
Flag of Thailand Thailand 1 Nov 12, 1996
Flag of East Timor Timor-Leste 1 Sep 26, 2008
United States 21, 2 Sep 24, 1996
Flag of Yemen Yemen 1 Sep 30, 1996
Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 1 Oct 13, 1999

Non-signatory states[]

State Annex
Flag of Bhutan Bhutan 1
Flag of Cuba Cuba 1
Flag of Dominica Dominica 1
Flag of India India 21, 2
Flag of Mauritius Mauritius 1
Flag of North Korea North Korea 21, 2
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan 21, 2
Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1
Flag of Somalia Somalia 1
Flag of South Sudan South Sudan 1
Flag of Syria Syria 1
Flag of Tonga Tonga 1
Flag of Tuvalu Tuvalu 1

References[]

  1. "Definition of key terms used in the UN Treaty Collection". United Nations. http://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/definition/page1_en.xml. Retrieved 14 January 2013. 
  2. "When did the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty open for signature?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=31&cHash=0a5de2c045. Retrieved 2008-07-09. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Status of signature and ratification: CTBTO Preparatory Commission". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. 2010-05-26. http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/. Retrieved 2010-05-27. 
  4. "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/ctbt. Retrieved 2013-02-24. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations Treaty Collection. 2013-02-24. http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-4&chapter=26&lang=en. Retrieved 2013-02-24. 
  6. "How does a State sign the Treaty?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=40&cHash=23de2c6936. Retrieved 2008-07-09. 
  7. "How does a State ratify the Treaty?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=41&cHash=0ce0d6a95b. Retrieved 2008-07-09. 
  8. "How does a State deposit its instrument of ratification?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=37&cHash=c4b5ce30a1. Retrieved 2008-07-09. 
  9. "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations. http://www.ctbto.org/fileadmin/content/treaty/treatytext.tt.html. Retrieved 2008-07-09.  (Article II, Paragraph 28)
  10. "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations. http://www.ctbto.org/fileadmin/content/treaty/treatytext.tt.html. Retrieved 2008-07-09.  (Article XIV)
  11. "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations. http://www.ctbto.org/fileadmin/content/treaty/treatytext.tt.html. Retrieved 2008-08-02.  (Article I, Section C)
  12. "What are the Annex 2 States?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=44&cHash=303fb705c1. Retrieved 2008-07-09. 
  13. "When will the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty enter into force?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=32&cHash=0c38a43d62. Retrieved 2008-07-09. 

External links[]

All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at List of parties to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and the edit history here.