Since October 7, 2001 following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States has been engaged in a war in Afghanistan as a part of War on Terror.
Background[]
From May 1996, Osama bin Laden had been living in Afghanistan along with other members of al-Qaeda, operating terrorist training camps in a loose alliance with the Taliban.[1] Following the 1998 US embassy bombings in Africa, the US military launched cruise missiles at these camps with limited effect on their overall operations. A follow-on plan, called Operation Infinite Resolve, was planned but not implemented.
The UN Security Council had issued Resolutions 1267 and 1333 in 1999 and 2000 directed towards the Taliban which applied financial and military hardware sanctions to encourage them to turn over bin Laden to appropriate authorities for trial in the deadly bombings of two U.S. embassies in Africa in August 1998, and close terrorist training camps.
The 9-11 attacks[]
After the September 11, 2001, attacks, investigators rapidly accumulated evidence implicating Osama bin Laden. In a taped statement, bin Laden publicly acknowledged his and al-Qaeda's direct involvement in the 9-11 attacks. In an audiotape posted on a website that the U.S. claims is "frequently used by al-Qaeda", on May 21, 2006, bin Laden said he had personally directed the 19 hijackers.
2001: war begins[]
The War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) began on October 7, 2001, as Operation Enduring Freedom, a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States of America (U.S.). This marked the beginning of the U.S. War on Terrorism. The stated purpose of the invasion was to capture Osama bin Laden, destroy al-Qaeda, and remove the Taliban regime which had provided support and safe harbour to al-Qaeda.
2002 operations[]
Insurgent attacks[]
2003 operations[]
2004 operations[]
2005 operations[]
2006 operations[]
In January 2006, NATO’s focus in southern Afghanistan was to form Provincial Reconstruction Teams with the British leading in Helmand Province and the Netherlands and Canada would lead similar deployments in Orūzgān Province and Kandahar Province respectively. The Americans with 2,200 troops stayed in control of Zabul Province. Local Taliban figures voiced opposition to the incoming force and pledged to resist it.
2007 operations[]
US and NATO ISAF operations, alongside Afghan National Army forces, continued against the Taliban through 2007. Significant military operations in 2007 included the ongoing operations around Sangin, Operation Achilles, the Battle of Chora, Operation Harekate Yolo and the Battle of Musa Qala, amongst others.
2008 operations[]
US and NATO ISAF operations, alongside Afghan National Army forces, continued against the Taliban through 2008. Significant military operations in 2008 included the ongoing Helmand province campaign, Operation Karez, and Operation Eagle's Summit, amongst others.
2009 operations[]
Insurgent attacks[]
2010 operations[]
2011 operations[]
2012 operations[]
2013 operations[]
2014 operations[]
2015 operations[]
2016 operations[]
2017 operations[]
2018 operations[]
List of battles and operations[]
This is a list of military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021).
Operation name | From date | To date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 uprising in Herat | November 12, 2001 | November 12, 2001 | Herat | [3] |
2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing | November 6, 2007 | November 6, 2007 | Baghlan | [4] |
2007 Bagram Air Base bombing | February 27, 2007 | February 27, 2007 | Bagram Air Base | [5] |
2008 Hotel Serena attack | January 14, 2008 | January 14, 2008 | Kabul | [6] |
2008 Kandahar bombing | February 17, 2008 | February 17, 2008 | Kandahar | |
2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul | July 7, 2008 | July 7, 2008 | Kabul | |
Balamorghab ambush | November 27, 2008 | November 27, 2008 | Badghis Province | |
Battle of Alasay | March 14, 2009 | March 23, 2009 | Alasay | Also known as Operation Dinner Out |
Battle of Arghandab | June 18, 2008 | June 19, 2008 | Arghandab District | |
Battle of Chora | June 15, 2007 | June 19, 2007 | Chora | This battle has proved to be the biggest Taliban offensive of 2007 in Afghanistan, and resulted in the death of more than 100 people in just three days. The battle involved a significant number of Dutch forces |
Battle of Dahaneh | August 12, 2009 | August 15, 2009 | Dahaneh in the Helmand Province | Also known as Operation Eastern Resolve II |
Battle of Firebase Anaconda | August 8, 2007 | August 8, 2007 | Uruzgan province | A group of roughly 75 Taliban militants mounted a rare frontal assault on a United States-led coalition base |
Battle of Ganjgal | September 8, 2009 | September 8, 2009 | Ganjgal village | |
Battle of Garmsir | 2008 | 2011 | Garmsir in the Helmand Province | A Major U.S. Marine offensive on the Taliban-held town killing more than 400 insurgents. Taliban forces withdrew from the town as a result of the assault and took up a position further south. |
Battle of Kamdesh | October 3, 2009 | October 3, 2009 | Kamdesh | Also known as the battle of COP Keating |
Battle of Lashkagar | March 29, 2006 | March 29, 2006 | Lashkagar | Was a friendly fire incident at Sangin |
Battle of Musa Qala | December 7, 2007 | December 12, 2007 | Musa Qala | The result was a Coalition victory with the Taliban retreating |
Battle of Now Zad | 2006 | 2014 | Nowzad in the Northern Helmand Province | |
Battle of Panjwaii | July 2006 | October 2006 | Panjwaii district | Decisive Canadian victory, Panjwaii cleared of Taliban |
Battle of Qala-i-Jangi | November 25, 2001 | December 1, 2001 | Qala-i-Jangi District | It began with the uprising of Taliban prisoners held at Qala-i-Jangi fortress, and escalated into one of the bloodiest engagements of the war in Afghanistan |
Battle of Shewan | August 8, 2008 | August 8, 2008 | Shewan village | Also known as Operation Commando Wrath |
Battle of Shok Valley | April 6, 2008 | April 6, 2008 | Shok Valley | |
Battle of Takur Ghar | March 3, 2002 | March 4, 2002 | the peak of Takur Ghar | A helicopter caring a SEAL team went down and began receiving fire from hostile forces. |
Battle of Tarin Kowt | November 13, 2001 | November 14, 2001 | Tarinkot | |
Battle of Tora Bora | December 6, 2001 | December 17, 2001 | Pachir Wa Agam District, Nangarhar province | Attempt and Failure to kill or capture Osama bin Laden |
Battle of Wanat | July 13, 2008 | July 13, 2008 | Nuristan Province | |
Counterinsurgency in Northern Afghanistan | April 2009 | Present | Northern Afghanistan | |
Fall of Kabul | November 13, 2001 | November 14, 2001 | Kabul | |
Fall of Kandahar | November 22, 2001 | December 7, 2001 | Kandahar | |
Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif | November 9, 2001 | November 10, 2001 | Mazar-i-Sharif | |
Gora Prai airstrike | June 10, 2008 | June 10, 2008 | Mohmand Agency, Pakistan | |
Operation Aabi Toorah | .[7] Also known as Operation Blue Sword.[8][9] | |||
Operation Accius | November 28, 2002 | June 1, 2004 | throughout Afghanistan | The Canadian military's contribution to the civilian-led United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan(UNAMA) |
Operation Achilles | March 6, 2007 | May 30, 2007 | the Sangin and Kajaki districts of Helmand | An attempt to stabilise the security situation in the province |
Operation Anaconda | March 1, 2002 | March 18, 2002 | Shahi Kot Valley and Paktika Province | Attempt to destroy al-Qaeda and Taliban forces[10] |
Operation Apollo | October 2001 | October 2003 | Throughout Afghanistan | Was the codename for an operation conducted by Canadian Forces in support of the United States in its military operations in Afghanistan |
Operation Archer | July 2005 | August 31, 2006 | throughout Afghanistan | The Canadian Forces contribution to Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan |
Operation Argus | September 2005 | October 2008 | throughout Afghanistan | Canadian Forces team of strategic military planners to support the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |
Operation Array | [11] | |||
Operation Athena | October 2003 | October 18, 2005 | Kabul and Kandahar | The Canadian Forces contribution to the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan |
Operation Asbury Park | June 2, 2004 | June 17, 2004 | Oruzgan Province and Zabul Province | Was characterized by atypical fighting on the side of the tactics of the Taliban and other guerillas encountered[12] |
Operation Asbury Park II | 2004 | 2004 | the Dey Chopan region | Army infantrymen, Afghan National Army troops, and attached Marines again sparred with ACM forces in the region, once again inflicting significant losses against the enemy[12] |
Operation Avalanche | December 2003 | December 2003 | the entire eastern, southeastern and southern portion | To search out Al-Qaeda members and illegal weapons while conducting a village assessment[12] |
Operation Azadi South | 30 September 2009 | 30 September 2009 | Lakari Bazaar | [12] |
Operation Azada Wosa | March 2008 | March 2008 | Helmand Province | [12] |
Operation Baawar | December 2010 | ongoing (as of 09/2014) | Horn of Panjwai (HoP) | To build and hold in the HoP |
Operation Buzzard | May 29, 2002 | July 9, 2002 | Khowst region | The operation reflects the success that coalition forces have enjoyed in forcing Al Qaida and Taliban to abandon a large-scale presence in much of the region |
Operation Celtics | May 2005 | May 2005 | Hunted down enemy fighters and provided humanitarian support to the people in the area[12] | |
Operation Cobra's Anger | December 4, 2009 | December 7, 2009 | Now Zad Valley | [12] |
Operation Condor | May 17, 2002 | May 22, 2002 | the mountains of Paktia province | Engaged in combat with Al Qaida and Taliban forces |
Operation Counterstrike | January 5, 2006 | January 5, 2006 | Kandahar Airfield | |
Operation Crescent Wind | 7 October 2001 | December 2001 | ||
Operation Diablo Dragnet | July 19, 2007 | July 19, 2007 | Kandahar Airfield | Linked people to Government |
Operation Diablo Reach Back | June 7, 2005 | June 27, 2005 | Kandahar Province | Combined Task Force Bayonet forces engaged Taliban forces in some of the fiercest fighting seen this year |
Operation Diesel | February 6, 2009 | February 7, 2009 | Sangin | [13][14] |
Operation Dragonfly | 2004 | 2004 | [12] | |
Operation Dragon Strike | September 15, 2010 | December 31, 2010 | Kandahar province | |
Operation Dragon Tree | August 2004 | August 2004 | Kandahar | Searched for weapons caches |
Operation Dung Beatle | ||||
Operation Eagle Eye (Afghanistan) | Also known as Operation Oqab Sterga. Occurred during May around Gereshk.[15] | |||
Operation Eagle Fury | February 2003 | February 2003 | Bahgran Valley | |
Operation Eastern Resolve | ||||
Operation Eastern Resolve II | August 12, 2009 | August 12, 2009 | Now Zad District of Hel-mand Province | Disrupted insurgent violence and intimidation campaigns[12] |
Operation El Dorado | 25 April 2004 | 25 April 2004 | Tarin Kowt valley | [12] |
Operation Falcon Summit | December 15, 2006 | January 5, 2007 | the Panjawi and Zhari districts of Kandahar | Also known as Operation Oqab Tsuka. Had the intention of expelling Taliban fighters[16] |
Operation Fingal | January 1, 2002 | March 19, 2002 | Kabul | An international security assistance force |
Operation Flashman | July 16, 2004 | July 16, 2004 | Paktika Province | Bring stability to the area as well as establishing voter registration sites |
Operation Freedom's Sentinal | [17] | |||
Operation Getaway | [12] | |||
Operation Getaway II | ||||
Operation Getaway III | 7 January 2009 | 7 January 2009 | Farah Province | [12] |
Operation Glock[18] | ||||
Operation Hamkari | February 13, 2010 | December 7, 2010 | Marja | |
Operation Hammer (Chakush) | July 27, 2007 | July 27, 2007 | the Upper Gereshk Valley in Helmand province | The operation is continuing the momentum towards expelling Taliban forces |
Operation Hammer Blow | Also known as Operation Palk Wahel[19] | |||
Operation Harekate Yolo | October 1, 2007 | November 8, 2007 | North-west Afghanistan | Targeted hostile forces in the northern provinces |
Operation Harpoon[10] | March 13, 2002 | March 19, 2002 | Paktia Province | |
Operation Haven Denial | July 2, 2003 | July 6, 2003 | the Paktika and Khost provinces | Targeted against Taliban remnants and Al Qaeda fighters |
Operation Headstrong | 2003 | 2004 | Kabul | Involved the training of Afghan commandos by British special forces to seek out and destroy drug laboratories and to confiscate drug shipments |
Operation Herrick | June 20, 2002 | December 12, 2014 | throughout Afghanistan | The codename for all the British operations in Afghanistan |
Operation Hoover | May 24, 2007 | May 25, 2007 | Kandahar Province district of Zhari | Was a Canadian-led offensive against the Taliban |
Operation Jacana | April 2002 | July 2002 | Khost province, Paktia Province | |
Operation Kamin | May 26, 2007 | May 26, 2007 | Kandahar Province | |
Operation Khanjar | July 2, 2009 | August 20, 2009 | Helmand Province | A major U.S. Marine offensive to secure the province |
Operation Lightning Resolve | 2004 | 2007 | towns and villages throughout Afghanistan | Provide security in support of the first democratic elections ever in Afghanistan |
Operation Lions Pride | April 21, 2006 | April 21, 2006 | Korengal Valley | To provide medical assistance to more than 3,100 Afghans |
Operation Maiwand 10 | December 10, 2017 | [20] | ||
Operation Marlin | [13] | |||
Operation Mavericks | 2004 | 2005 | The mountains of Eastern Afghanistan | Detained suspected terrorists and confiscating several weapons and explosives caches[12] |
Operation Medusa | September 2, 2006 | September 17, 2006 | Kandahar Province | Was a Canadian-led offensive by major elements of the International Security Assistance Force and Afghan National Army. |
Operation Moshtarak | February 13, 2010 | December 7, 2010 | Marjah in the Helmand Province "poppy-growing belt" | The largest military offensive ever launched by Nato troops in Afghanistan to clear the city of Taliban militants and drug traffickers eliminating the last Taliban stronghold in Helmand. It involves U.S. Marine units and Afghan troops along with the U.S. Special Forces and other ISAF members.[12][21] |
Operation Mountain Blizzard | January 2004 | March 12, 2004 | the south, southeast, and eastern portions, Afghanistan | Killed 22 enemy combatants and discovered caches with 3,648 rockets, 3,202 mortar rounds, 2,944 rocket- propelled grenades, 3,000 rifle rounds, 2,232 mines and tens of thousands of rounds of small-arms ammunition[12] |
Operation Mountain Fury | September 16, 2006 | January 15, 2007 | Paktika, Khost, Ghazni, Paktia, Logar | Was a NATO-led operation as a follow up operation to Operation Medusa, to clear Taliban rebels from the eastern provinces of Afghanistan |
Operation Mountain Lion | April 11, 2006 | 2006 | near the Pakistan border | Searching along the border with Pakistan for Al Qaeda and former Taliban forces[12] |
Operation Mountain Reach II | May 2010 | May 2010 | Kunar Province | US Army, Theatre Assets, ANSF, ANP, ANA were ambushed by 150+Taliban for 8.5 hours along the route from Marawara District Center to Daridam Village area. 60-80 Taliban killed; 3 wounded US Soldiers. |
Operation Mountain Resolve | November 7, 2003 | 2008 | Nuristan and Kunar provinces | The operation involved an airdrop into the Hindu Kush Mountains by the US 10th Mountain Division and resulted in the killing of Hezbi commander Ghulam Sakhee[12] |
Operation Mountain Resolve II | ||||
Operation Mountain Storm | March 5, 2004 | July 2004 | the south, southeast, and eastern portions of Afghanistan | With the aim of cornering al-Qaeda and Taliban remnant[12] |
Operation Mountain Sweep | August 18, 2002 | at least August 28, 2002 | mainly around Dormat and Narizah, south of Khowst and Gardez | Was designed to search out al Qaeda and Taliban forces and information about the terrorist organizations[22] |
Operation Mountain Thrust | May 2006 | July 31, 2006 | Kandahar, Helmand, Paktika, Zabul and Uruzgan | A major offensive. Its primary objective was to quell the ongoing Taliban insurgency in the south of the country. |
Operation Mountain Viper | August 2003 | September 2003 | the mountains of Daychopan district, Zabul province | Sought to uncover Taliban rebels. One-hundred-and-twenty-four militants, five Afghan Army personnel and one US soldier were killed in the operation. |
Operation Nasrat | September 2007 | September 2007 | Helmand and Kabul Provinces | |
Operation Neptune | August 9, 2005 | 2005 | Nawa District | |
Operation New Dawn | June 12, 2010 | Present | Helmand Province | An extension of Operation Moshtarak, Operation New Dawn was launched on 12 June 2010 as joint ISAF / ANA operation, led by the United States Marines, to disrupt insurgents and deny them freedom of movement in the sparsely populated areas between Marjah and Nawa.[23][24] |
Operation Nibbio | Italian code name for Enduring Freedom. Operation Sparviero is the Italian Army contribution to ISAF in Kabul | |||
Operation Northern Wind | ||||
Operation Oracle | ||||
Operation Palk Mesher | August 2007 | August 2007 | Helmand Province | to disrupt and eliminate insurgents |
Operation Panther's Claw | June 19, 2009 | August 20, 2009 | Helmand Province | 350 British Troops attacked a Taliban Stronghold near Babaji[25] |
Operation Perth | ||||
Operation Pickaxe-Handle (Pashto) | May 30, 2007 | June 14, 2007 | Helmand province | Was a British-led NATO operation |
Operation Pil | October 16, 2005 | October 23, 2005 | the Watapor Valley of the Kunar Province | to improve security and assist in stabilizing the government in the troubled region[12] |
Operation Pizmah | 2005 | December 15, 2005 | Zabul Province | To reestablish a coalition presence in the districts of Dey Chopan, Argandab and Khaki-Afghan |
Operation Ptarmigan | April 15, 2002 | Gardez and Khost regions | The name given to the British share of military actions with U.S. and coalition forces | |
Operation Red Wings | June 28, 2005 | June 28, 2005 | Kunar province | Counterterrorism mission |
Operation Red Wings II | ||||
Operation Relentless Strike[26] | ||||
Operation Rhino | ||||
Operation Ring Road | 14 December 2003 | 16 December 2003 | Ring Road from Kabul to Kandahar | [12] |
Operation River City[27] | ||||
Operation School House | Kabul | The program, started by U.S. and coalition personnel from the Kabul Compound, receives donated school supplies from the U.S. and distributes them to needy schools | ||
Operation Shamshir | [12] | |||
Operation Snakebite | [28] | |||
Operation Snake Pit | [29] | |||
Operation Snipe | ||||
Operation Shahi Tandar | April 30, 2007 | January 31, 2009 | Upper Helmand Province | A sub-operation of Operation Achilles, carried out by NATO (mostly British) and Afghan troops. Recaptured Gereshk from the Taliban.[30] |
Operation Silver | 2007 | 2007 | Counter Insurgency: Was conducted to keep up the pressure on the Taliban in the hopes of blunting their expected spring offensive | |
Operation Sleigh Ride | December 2005 | December 2005 | forward operating bases at Salerno, Ghazni, Orgun-E and Sharana | Christmas-time Morale boost for the troops in Afghanistan |
Operation Slipper | October 2001 | Present | The Australian Defence Force's contribution to operations in Afghanistan | |
Operation Snipe | May 2, 2002 | May 13, 2002 | the remote Afghan mountains | A British Royal Marine search and clear operation over a significant area believed to be used as a base by Al Qaida and Taliban forces |
Operation Sohil Laram III | During March and April around Hutal.[31] | |||
Operation Sond Chara | [32] | |||
Operation Sorkh Khar (Red Donkey) | Korengal Valley | Disrupted al-Qaeda-backed insurgents near the Pakistan border[12] | ||
Operation Southern Edge | Also known as Southern Edge during June in Mizan District, Zabul Province.[33] | |||
Operation Sparviero | ||||
Operation Spurs | [12] | |||
Operation Stars | May 2005 | June 2005 | Korengal Val-ley region | [12] |
Operation Sur Kor | Also known as Operation Red House. Occured in the Zari District.[34] | |||
Operation Thunder Road | Cehar Cineh | [12] | ||
Operation Torii | ||||
Operation Tor Shezada | July 30, 2010 | Present | ||
Operation Tor Tapus | [7] | |||
Operation Tor Tapus II | [35] | |||
Operation Tsunami | 2003 | 2003 | Kabul | |
Operation Valdez | [12] | |||
Operation Verendrye | June 16, | 2003 | Kabul | [12] |
Operation Veritas | October 7, 2001 | July 31, 2002 | Throughout Afghanistan | The codename used for British military operations against the Taliban government of Afghanistan |
Operation Vigilance | April 15, 2005 | April 2005 | Wardak Province | Targeted three individuals that coalition forces were trying to kill or captureand and included humanitarian aid drops in several villages |
Operation Volcano | February 2007 | February 2007 | near the Kajaki hydroelectric dam | Was a British operation to clear a Taliban base, consisting of 25 compounds. Was part of Operation Achilles |
Operation Warrior Sweep | July 20, 2003 | September 2003 | the Zormat Valley, Paktia province | |
Operation Whalers[36] | August 2005 | August 2005 | Kunar Province[12] | |
Operation Winter Strike | December 2003 | December 2003 | near Asadabad | [12] |
Operation Wyconda Pincer | 2006 | districts of Bala Buluk and Pusht-i-Rod, in Farah province. | Italian and Spanish Task-Force 45, killed 70 Taliban. | |
Operation Zafar | ||||
Operation Zafar II | ||||
Sarposa Prison attack | ||||
Siege of Kunduz | November 11, 2001 | November 23, 2001 | Kunduz | |
Siege of Sangin | June 27, 2006 | April 5, 2007 | Helmand Province | |
Spin Boldak bombing | February 18, 2008 | February 18, 2008 | Spin Boldak | |
Uzbin Valley ambush | August 18, 2008 | August 18, 2008 | Surobi District |
See also[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:2001-present war in Afghanistan. |
- Afghanistan War order of battle
- British forces casualties in Afghanistan
- Canadian Forces casualties in Afghanistan
- Civilian casualties in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
- Coalition casualties in Afghanistan
- International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan
- International Security Assistance Force
- List of Coalition aircraft losses in Afghanistan
- Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
- Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan
- Taliban insurgency
- U.S. government response to the September 11, 2001 attacks
- Soviet war in Afghanistan
- War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
- Helmand Province campaign
References[]
Citations[]
- ↑ Osama bin Laden Wealthy Saudi exile is a terrorist mastermind
- ↑ CBS, Grenade wounds 3 US troops, Afghan child[dead link]
- ↑ Ousting the Taliban from Herat relatively easy, L.A. Times, 15 November 2001
- ↑ Fifty-nine Afghan children killed in suicide attack | the Daily Mail
- ↑ Tang, Alisa (2007-02-27). "Cheney OK After Afghan Blast; 23 Killed". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/wire/sns-ap-afghan-explosion,0,1554987.story?coll=sns-ap-nationworld-headlines.[dead link]
- ↑ The Courier-Mail: Terrorists hit Australian embassy, published January 15, 2008
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Southby-Tailyour 2010, p. 10.
- ↑ "10-year Chinook saga grounds Britain in Afghanistan". Reuters. July 15, 2009. https://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-41057620090715. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ↑ Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2010). 3 Commando: Helmand Assault. Random House. ISBN 9781407063263. https://books.google.com/books?id=YI6mOZtc9S0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Operation+Aabi+Toorah&source=bl&ots=PYLfjd6vhS&sig=W94pb-tI8Fg7lG8A5KV6Azo9wK0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRirT8qoHaAhUrh-AKHVPlAl0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Aabi%20Toorah&f=false.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Donald P. Wright & al., A Different Kind of War : The United States Army in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) October 2001-September 2005, Fort Leavenworth, Kan. : Combat Studies Institute Press, 2009 http://documents.nytimes.com/a-different-kind-of-war#p=1 p.173
- ↑ Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2010). 3 Commando: Helmand Assault. Random House. p. 215. ISBN 9781407063263. https://books.google.com/books?id=YI6mOZtc9S0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Operation+Aabi+Toorah&source=bl&ots=PYLfjd6vhS&sig=W94pb-tI8Fg7lG8A5KV6Azo9wK0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRirT8qoHaAhUrh-AKHVPlAl0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Aabi%20Toorah&f=false.
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 "U.S. Marines In Afghanistan, 2001-2009: Anthology and Annotated Bibliography". 2014. p. 79. https://www.marines.mil/Portals/59/US%20Marines%20in%20Afghanistan%20Anthology.pdf. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2010). 3 Commando: Helmand Assault. Random House. p. 155. ISBN 9781407063263. https://books.google.com/books?id=YI6mOZtc9S0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Operation+Aabi+Toorah&source=bl&ots=PYLfjd6vhS&sig=W94pb-tI8Fg7lG8A5KV6Azo9wK0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRirT8qoHaAhUrh-AKHVPlAl0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Aabi%20Toorah&f=false.
- ↑ Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2010). 3 Commando: Helmand Assault. Random House. p. 179. ISBN 9781407063263. https://books.google.com/books?id=YI6mOZtc9S0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Operation+Aabi+Toorah&source=bl&ots=PYLfjd6vhS&sig=W94pb-tI8Fg7lG8A5KV6Azo9wK0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRirT8qoHaAhUrh-AKHVPlAl0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Aabi%20Toorah&f=false.
- ↑ Bishop 2009, p. 78.
- ↑ Leigh Neville (April 23, 2009). The British Army in Afghanistan 2006–14: Task Force Helmand. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 36. https://books.google.com/books?id=GTyVCwAAQBAJ&dq=Operation+Snake+Pit+afghanistan&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ↑ "After 13 years, Operation Enduring Freedom concludes in Afghanistan". Defense Media Activity. December 29, 2014. http://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article-View/Article/576922/after-13-years-operation-enduring-freedom-concludes-in-afghanistan/. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ↑ Donald P. Wright & al., A Different Kind of War : The United States Army in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) October 2001-September 2005, Fort Leavenworth, Kan. : Combat Studies Institute Press, 2009 http://documents.nytimes.com/a-different-kind-of-war#p=1 p.171
- ↑ Leigh Neville (April 23, 2009). The British Army in Afghanistan 2006–14: Task Force Helmand. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 33. https://books.google.com/books?id=GTyVCwAAQBAJ&dq=Operation+Snake+Pit+afghanistan&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ↑ "Combat operations boost Afghan tactical cooperation". January 5, 2018. https://www.stripes.com/news/combat-operations-boost-afghan-tactical-cooperation-1.505347. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ↑ Gal Perl Finkel, Back to the ground?, Israel Hayom, November 8, 2015.
- ↑ Cawthorne, Nigel, The Mammoth Book of Inside the Elite Forces, Robinson, 2008 ISBN 1845298217 ISBN 978-1845298210
- ↑ "1st Recon launches new operation near Marjah". Marine Corps Times. 5 July 2010. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100912002617/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/07/marine_recon_070110w/. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ↑ "ANA, ISAF Complete First Task in Operation New Dawn". ISAF. 21 June 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716211509/http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/ana-isaf-complete-first-task-in-operation-new-dawn.html. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ↑ Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2010). 3 Commando: Helmand Assault. Random House. p. 37. ISBN 9781407063263. https://books.google.com/books?id=YI6mOZtc9S0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Operation+Aabi+Toorah&source=bl&ots=PYLfjd6vhS&sig=W94pb-tI8Fg7lG8A5KV6Azo9wK0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRirT8qoHaAhUrh-AKHVPlAl0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Aabi%20Toorah&f=false.
- ↑ Charles H. Briscoe & al., Weapon of choice : U.S. Army Special Operations Forces in Afghanistan, Fort Leavenworth, Kan. : Combat Studies Institute Press, 2003, p.141-143
- ↑ Kitty Hawk Archived March 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Con Coughlin (2015). "Operation Snakebite by Stephen Grey: Review". The Telegraph. ISBN 9781472806765. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5207944/Operation-Snakebite-by-Stephen-Grey-Review.html. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ↑ Leigh Neville (April 23, 2009). The British Army in Afghanistan 2006–14: Task Force Helmand. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 34. https://books.google.com/books?id=GTyVCwAAQBAJ&dq=Operation+Snake+Pit+afghanistan&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ↑ "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}". Archived from the original on July 13, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090713194545/http://www.army.mod.uk/news/army_news_archive/year_2007/operation_silicon.htm. Retrieved June 28, 2007. - ↑ Bishop 2009, p. 41.
- ↑ Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2010). 3 Commando: Helmand Assault. Random House. p. 83. ISBN 9781407063263. https://books.google.com/books?id=YI6mOZtc9S0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Operation+Aabi+Toorah&source=bl&ots=PYLfjd6vhS&sig=W94pb-tI8Fg7lG8A5KV6Azo9wK0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRirT8qoHaAhUrh-AKHVPlAl0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Aabi%20Toorah&f=false.
- ↑ Bishop 2009, p. 103.
- ↑ Bishop 2009, p. 63.
- ↑ Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2010). 3 Commando: Helmand Assault. Random House. p. 10. ISBN 9781407063263. https://books.google.com/books?id=YI6mOZtc9S0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Operation+Aabi+Toorah&source=bl&ots=PYLfjd6vhS&sig=W94pb-tI8Fg7lG8A5KV6Azo9wK0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRirT8qoHaAhUrh-AKHVPlAl0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Aabi%20Toorah&f=false.
- ↑ Ed Darack, Victory Point website
Bibliography[]
- Bishop, P (2009). Ground Truth. UK: HarperPress. ISBN 978-0-00-729665-1.
- Southby-Tailyour, E (2010). 3 Commando Brigade - Helmand Assault. UK: Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09193-776-8.
Further reading[]
- Christopher N. Koontz, ed (2008). Enduring Voices: Oral Histories of the U.S. Army Experience in Afghanistan, 2003-2005. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-112-1. http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/enduring_voices/index.html. full text available online
External links[]
– interactive map by The New York Times
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- Canadian Forces Operations in Afghanistan
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The original article can be found at List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021) and the edit history here.