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List of conflicts in the Near East

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This article is about past conflicts in the Near East. For modern conflicts, see List of modern conflicts in the Middle East.
A geographical map showing territories commonly considered part of the Near East.

A geographical map showing territories commonly considered part of the Near East.

The area known as the "Near East" is usually referred to as Middle East in modern contexts. For periods predating Classical Antiquity, the common term is Ancient Near East. The Near East is generally associated with Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia and to greater degree Egypt, Arabian Peninsula and Persia.

Ancient Near East conflicts[]

Bronze Age[]

Main articles: History of the Middle East, Ancient Near East, Fertile Crescent, History of Mesopotamia, Upper Mesopotamia, History of the Levant, History of Anatolia, History of the Caucasus, History of Egypt, and Elam
  • Ancient Egypt conflicts
    • Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
      • circa 3,100 B.C.E. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
    • Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
      • 1,600 B.C.E. Hyksos conquest of Egypt
    • New Kingdom of Egypt
      • April 16, 1,457 B.C.E. Battle of Megiddo - a battle between Ancient Egyptian forces under the pharaoh Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition
  • Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts
    • Early Dynastic Period of Sumer
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Enmebaragesi of Kish subdued Elam
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Aga of Kish, the son of Enmebaragesi of Kish, besieged Uruk
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Enmerkar of Uruk's year-long siege of Aratta
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Dumuzid of Uruk captured Enmebaragesi of Kish single-handed
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Enshakushanna of Uruk conquered Hamazi, Akkad, Kish, and Nippur, claiming hegemony over all of Sumer. Enshakushanna was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but the hegemony seems to have passed to Eannatum of Lagash for a time
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Eannatum of Lagash conquered all of Sumer, including Ur, Nippur, Akshak, Larsa, and Uruk (controlled by Enshakushanna)
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. En-anna-tum I of Lagash succeeded his brother Eannatum and defended Lagash against Ur-Lumma of Umma
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Entemena of Lagash succeeded his father En-anna-tum I and re-established Lagash as a power in Sumer. He defeated Illi of Umma, with the aid of Lugal-kinishe-dudu of Uruk (the successor to Enshakushanna)
      • circa 2,500 B.C.E. Lugal-Anne-Mundu of Adab subjected the "Four Quarters" of the world — i.e., the entire Fertile Crescent region, from the Mediterranean to the Zagros Mountains
      • circa 2,295 B.C.E. — 2,271 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Lugal-zage-si of Umma conquered several of the Sumerian city-states — including Kish, where he overthrew Ur-Zababa; Lagash, where he overthrew Urukagina; Ur, Nippur, and Larsa; as well as Uruk
    • Akkadian Empire
      • circa 2,270 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Sargon of Akkad established a vast empire which is thought to have included large parts of Mesopotamia, and included parts of modern-day Iran, Asia Minor and Syria
        • Conquest of Elam
        • 2,271 B.C.E. Battle of Uruk
        • Syria and Canaan campaigns
        • Akkadian conquest of Ebla
        • Magan revolt
        • Lullubi campaign of Naram-sin
    • Gutian period
      • circa 2,150 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Gutian attacks on the Akkadian Empire
    • Fifth Dynasty of Uruk
      • circa 2,055 B.C.E. — 2,048 B.C.E. (Short chronology) After defeating the Gutian with the aid of other cities, Utu-hengal of Uruk established himself as the king of Sumer
        • circa 2,050 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Defeat of Tirigan, the last Gutian ruler in Sumer
    • Third Dynasty of Ur
      • circa 2,047 B.C.E. — 2,030 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Ur-Nammu of Ur conquered Lagash
      • circa 1,940 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Elamite Sack of Ur
    • First Babylonian Dynasty
      • circa 1,830 B.C.E. — 1,817 B.C.E. (Short chronology) The Amorite chieftain Sumu-abum won independence from the city-state Kazallu
      • circa 1,752 B.C.E. — 1,730 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Damiq-ilishu of Isin, the last king on the Sumerian King List, is defeated by Sin-Muballit of Babylon
      • circa 1,728 B.C.E. — 1,686 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Hammurabi of Babylon extended Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms
    • Kassite period
      • circa 1,531 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Fall of Babylon
      • circa 1,507 B.C.E. (Short chronology) Kassite attacks on Babylon
  • Ancient Levant conflicts
  • Ancient Anatolia conflicts
    • circa 2,492 B.C.E. Battle between Haik and Nimrod
    • 1,650 B.C.E. — 1,600 B.C.E. Conquests of Hattusili I and Mursili I
    • 1,430 B.C.E. — 1,350 B.C.E. Kaska invasions of Hatti

Early Iron Age[]

Note: This section is covering Iron Age I and II, Iron Age III is related as Classic Period

Main articles: Egyptian Empire, Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Judah, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Median Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, and Achaemenid Empire

Classic antiquity conflicts[]

Greco-Persian domination[]

Main articles: Achaemenid Empire, Greco-Persian Wars, Alexander the Great, and Wars of the Diadochi

Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination[]

Main articles: Roman–Persian Wars and Byzantine-Sassanid Wars
  • Mazdak revolt in Persia 524 (or 528)
  • Nika riots in Constantinople 532

Medieval conflicts[]

    • Mudhar-Yamani conflict 793-96
  • Persian Zoroastrian Revolts 8th-9th centuries
    • Behavarid revolt in Persia 8th century
    • Babak's revolt 816-37
    • Maziar revolt 839

Ottoman period conflicts 1453-1918[]

Ottoman expansion[]

Ottoman era period conflicts 1453-1516

Ottoman Empire period conflicts[]

  • Edirne revolt 1703

Ottoman Tanzimat period[]

  • First Botan uprising 1843
  • Bedr Khan Bey uprising 1843
  • Culemerg uprising 1843
  • Bedirhan Bey uprising 1847[1]
  • Yezdan Sher uprising 1855[2]

Post-Ottoman era conflicts[]

This article is about past conflicts in the Near East. For modern conflicts (post-Ottoman period), see List of modern conflicts in the Middle East.

References[]

  1. ↑ Ergil, Doğu, PKK: The Kurdistan Workers' Party, in Marianne Heiberg, Brendan O'Leary, John Tirman, eds., Terror, insurgency, and the state: ending protracted conflicts, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007, p.356
  2. ↑ Chaliand, Gérard , The Kurdish tragedy, Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, p.25
  3. ↑ Vanly, Ismet Chériff, The Kurds in the Soviet Union, in Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, eds., The Kurds: a contemporary overview, Routledge, 2000, p.196

See also[]

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