List of banners in the Battle of Grunwald

The following tables list the banners of the forces participating in the Battle of Grunwald, (1410)

Poland

The exact Order of Battle of the Polish forces is unknown. However, Ioannes Longinus in his Historiæ Polonicæ written after 1455 recorded 51 Polish banners, together with their descriptions, blazoning and commanders. This list also has some obvious errors: at the time of the battle several of the banners attributed to Poland were constituents of the Lithuanian army (e.g. Lwów, Podolia, Halicz); Coat of Arms of Lithuania was a banner exclusively of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; arrows, axes and horseshoes are typical to Lithuanian heraldry, but not the Polish one, etc. It is not certain whether the list is complete.

Banner of	Battle sign	Origin	Remarks
Army of The Crown - Court Banners
Great Banner of Kraków and the Kingdom of Poland	Arms of Poland		Elite troops, under Zyndram of Maszkowice
"Gończa" Court Banner	Goncza Coat of Arms		under Andrzej of Ochocice of Osorya
Coat of Arms of Lithuania Court Banner	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of Arms of Lithuania		under Andrzej Ciołek of Żelechów and Jan of Sprowa of Odrowąż
Saint George			Bohemian and Moravian mercenaries, under Sokol and Zbyslavek
Army of The Crown - Regional Banners
Land of Poznań	Coat of Arms of Poznań
Land of Sandomierz	Sandomierz Flag of Sandomierz
Land of Kalisz	Kalisz Flag of Kalisz
Land of Sieradz	Flag of Sieradz
Land of Lublin	Lublin Jeleń
Land of Łęczyca	Flag of Łęczyca
Land of Kuyavia	Coat of Arms of Cuyavia
Land of Lwów	Banner of Lwów
Land of Wieluń	Flag of Wieluń		Reinforced with mercenaries from Silesia
Land of Przemyśl	Flag of Przemyśl
Land of Dobrzyń	Coat of Arms of Dobrzyń
Land of Chełm	Coat of Arms of Chełm
Three banners of Podolia	Coat of Arms of Podolia		Split up due to large number of knights
Land of Halicz	Coat of Arms of Halicz
Army of The Crown - Masovian Banners
Two banners of Duke Siemowit IV of Masovia	Coat of Arms of Masovia	Masovia, mostly Płock area	Dukes of Masovia
Duke Janusz I of Masovia	Banner of Masovia as flown by the forces of Janusz I own	Masovia, mostly Warsaw area	Dukes of Masovia
Army of The Crown - Personal Banners
Archbishop of Gniezno Mikołaj Kurowski	Śreniawa
Bishop of Poznań Wojciech Jastrzębiec	Jastrzębiec		under Jarand of Brudzewo
Castellan of Kraków Krystyn of Ostrów	Rawicz
Voivod of Kraków Jan of Tarnów	Leliwa
Voivod of Poznań Sędziwój of Ostroróg	Nałęcz Nałęcz
Voivod of Sandomierz Mikołaj of Michałowo	Poraj Poraj
Voivod of Sieradz Jakub of Koniecpol	Pobóg Pobóg
Castellan of Śrem Iwo of Obiechów	Wieniawa
Voivod of Łęczyca Jan Ligęza	Error creating thumbnail: Półkozic
Castellan of Wojnice Andrzej of Tęczyn	Error creating thumbnail: Topór
Marshal of The Crown Zbigniew of Brzezie	Zadora
Chambelain of Kraków Piotr Szafraniec	Starykon Starykoń
Castellan of Wiślica Klemens of Moskorzów	Piława
Castellan of Śrem and mayor of Greater Poland Wincenty of Granów	Leliwa
Dobko of Oleśnica	Error creating thumbnail: Dębno
Spytko of Tarnów	Leliwa
Lord High Steward of Kalisz Marcin of Sławsko	Zaremba
Dobrogost Świdwa of Szamotuły	Nałęcz Nałęcz
Krystyn of Koziegłowy	Lis
Master King's Cup-Bearer Jan Mężyk	Error creating thumbnail: Wadwicz
Deputy Chancellor of the Crown Mikołaj Trąba	Error creating thumbnail: Trąby
Mikołaj Kmita of Wiśnicz	Śreniawa
Gryf Clan	Gryf Gryf		Family of Gryf, under Zygmunt of Bobowa
Zaklika of Korzkiew	Error creating thumbnail: Syrokomla
Clan of Koźlerogi	Error creating thumbnail: Koźlerogi		Family, under Castellan of Wiślica Florian of Korytnica
Jan of Jičín Odrowaz	Benešovici	Moravia	Volunteers from Moravia, commanded by Jan Helm, the hejtman in the duty of aristocratic family of Kravaře
Steward of the Crown and starost of Lwów Gniewosz of Dalewice	Error creating thumbnail: Strzegomia	Czech lands	Only volunteers and mercenaries from Silesia, Bohemia and Moravia
Duke of Lithuania Sigismund Korybut	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of Arms of Lithuania

Lithuania

Due to different system of feudal overlordship, as well as lack of heraldic traditions, the units of Grand Duchy of Lithuania were all grouped under banners of two types: the Coat of Arms of Lithuania and the Columns of Gediminas. The only difference between various lands using the same emblem was the blazon. The hareness and the colour of the horse on the Coat of Arms of Lithuania differed. Note that the number of Lithuanian banners is uncertain. According to Ioannes Longinus there were 40 banners on the right flank of the Polish-Lithuanian forces, 10 flying the Columns of Gediminas and 30 flying Coat of Arms of Lithuania. However, he also mentions that there might have been 2 additional banners from Smolensk and up to six additional banners of Samogitia. German authors also mention that there were three auxiliary banners of Moldavia flying their own flags. In addition, it is probable that the units from Trakai, Volhynia, Smolensk, Kiev and Navahrudak used their own emblems.

Banner of	Battle sign	Origin	Remarks
Army of the Grand Duchy - Flying the Coat of Arms of Lithuania Banners
Vytautas the Great	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Minsk	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Polack	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Hrodna	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Kreva	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Kryčaŭ	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Mahilioŭ	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Niaśviž	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Navahrudak	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Novhorod-Siverskyi	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Orša	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Slonim	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Sluck	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Viciebsk	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Volodymyr-Volynskyi	Error creating thumbnail: Coat of arms of Lithuania
Army of the Grand Duchy - Flying the Columns Banners
Sigismund Kestutaitis	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Albertas Manvydas	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Yurij, son of Lengvenis	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Trakai	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Vilnius	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Hrodna	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Kaunas	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Lida	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Medininkai	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Three (?) Banners of Smolensk	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas		under Lengvenis (Simon Lingwen)
Viciebsk	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Kiev	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Pinsk	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Navahrudak	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Brest	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Vaŭkavysk	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Drohiczyn	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Mielnik	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Krzemieniec	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Starodub	Columns of Gediminas Columns of Gediminas
Auxiliary Units
Lipka Tatars			approximately 1000 skirmishers under Jalal ad-Din
Three Banners of Moldavia	Aurochs of Moldavia		approximately 900 foot soldiers and 25 knights under logofăt Mihaiu Alexandrel

References

• Sven Ekdahl Die "Banderia Prutenorum" des Jan Długosz: Eine Quelle zur Schlacht bei Tannenberg 1410 : Unters. zu Aufbau, Entstehung u. Quellenwert d. Hs. : mit e. ... Klasse ; Folge 3, Nr. 104). ISBN 3-525-82382-7