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List of aircraft of the Portuguese Armed Forces

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This list of current and former aircraft of the Portuguese Armed Forces also includes aircraft of the National Republican Guard.

Air Force[]

The Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) was founded in 1952 as the result of the amalgamation of the Aeronáutica Militar and Aviação Naval. With the merger many aircraft were transferred from these earlier aviation services to the Air Force, having been in service before 1952.

Aircraft Qty In service Retired Origin Notes
de Havilland DH-82 Tiger Moth 30(?) 1952 1954 UK
Portugal		 Received from Aeronáutica Militar and Aviação Naval
de Havilland DH-82A Tiger Moth
Junkers Ju 52 12 1952 1972 Germany Received from Aeronáutica Militar[1][2]
Junkers Ju 52/3 mg3e
Amiot A.A.C.1 Toucan 15 1961 France
Miles Master II/III ? 1952 1958 UK Received from Aeronáutica Militar
Miles Martinet T.T.1 ? 1952 ? UK Received from Naval Aviation
Douglas C-47 Dakota 29 1952 1976 USA One aircraft received from Aeronáutica Militar in 1952. Remaining aircraft bought in 1958[3]
Hawker Hurricane IIB/IIC 151 1952 1954 UK Received from Aeronáutica Militar
Airspeed Oxford ? 1952 1957 UK Received from Aeronáutica Militar
Airspeed Oxford II Received from Naval Aviation
Supermarine Spitfire VB ? 1952 ? UK Received from Aeronáutica Militar
Miles Magister I 8 1952 1956 UK Received from Aeronáutica Militar
Avro Anson T.1 10 1952 ? UK Received from Aeronáutica Militar
North American AT-6 Texan 257 1952 1978 USA Received from Aeronáutica Militar
North American SNJ-4 Received from Naval Aviation
North American Harvard Mk.III 1956 USA Former British Fleet Air Arm aircraft
North American T-6G Texan 1961 USA Former-French Air Force aircraft
North American Harvard Mk.IV 1964 Canada Former-Luftwaffe aircraft
North American Harvard Mk.IIA 1969 Former-South African Air Force aircraft
North American Harvard Mk.III
Boeing SB-17G Flying Fortress 5 1952 1960 USA Received from Aeronáutica Militar[4]
Douglas C-54 Skymaster 8 1947 1952 USA Some Ex-Aeronáutica Militar[5]
SC-54/HC-54 Searchmaster 10 1952 ? USA Ex-Aeronáutica Militar[4]
de Havilland DH-89A Dragon Rapide 1 1952 1968 UK Ex-Aeronáutica Militar
de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk 10 1952 1997 UK Ex-Aeronáutica Militar
66 Portugal Built under license by OGMA; As of 1997 six airframes refurbished
Grumman G-21B Goose 9 1952 1960 USA Received from Naval Aviation
Piper PA-18/L-21 B Super Cub 22 1955 1976 USA Received from the Portuguese Army Artillery arm
Piper PA-18/L-18 SL21A 5
Piper PA-18-125 Super Cub 1954
Grumman G-44 Widgeon 12 1952 1962 USA Received from Naval Aviation
Fleet F-10G 1 1952 ? USA Received from Naval Aviation
Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan 6 1952 1977 USA First units received from Naval Aviation
Beechcraft D-18S 15
C-45 Expeditor 1959 1976
Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver 6 1952 1952 USA Received from Naval Aviation
Republic F-47D Thunderbolt 50 1952 1956 USA
Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star 28 1952 1991 USA
de Havilland Vampire T.55 2 1952 1962 UK [6][7][8]
Lockheed PV-2C/D Harpoon 42 1953 1975 USA Only 34 flown
Republic F-84G Thunderjet 125 1953 1974 USA
Grumman SA-16A Albatross 3 1954 1962 USA [4]
Sikorsky UH-19A 2 1954 1960 USA First helicopter operated in Portugal.
Used only in search and rescue operations in Azores. Removed from service after an accident on October 4, 1959[4][9]
Sud Aviation Alouette II 7 1958 1976 France More received for the Portuguese Republican National Guard
North American F-86F Sabre 65 1958 1980 USA
Canadair T-33A-N Silver Star 5 1959 1960 Canada
Hunting Jet Provost 1 1959 1959 UK Received PoAF markings for demonstration but wasn't bought[10]
Lockheed RT-33A 2 1960 1982 USA
Lockheed P2V-5 Neptune 12 1960 1977 USA
Auster D.5/108&180 76 1960 1976 UK
Nord Noratlas N.2502 12 1960 1978 France [11]
Nord Noratlas N.2501D 18
Auster D.5/160 99 1961 1976 UK
Portugal		 84 built under license by OGMA
Dornier Do 27 A1/A3/A4/B1 146 1961 1979 Germany
Max Holste M.H.1521 Broussard 4 1961 1977 France
Douglas DC-6A 4 1961 1978 USA
Douglas DC-6B 6
Saunders-Roe Skeeter 10 1961 1961 UK Delivered in July from German Army Aviation Corps and German Navy stocks, never flew due to being non-airworthy and lack of spares to be rebuilt[12][13][14]
Cessna T-37C 30 1961 1992 USA [15][16]
Sud Aviation Alouette III SA 319 142 1963 2020 France Additional airframes bought to be used as source for spare parts and to rebuild damaged airframes.. Retired 17 June 2020.
Douglas B-26B Invader 7 1965 1975 USA [17][18]
Douglas B-26C Invader
Fiat G.91R/4 40 1965 1993 Italy
Cessna 310B 1 1969 1974 USA
Cessna 182C 1 1969 ? USA
Sud Aviation SA-330C Puma 13 1969 2011 France Retired in 2006, re-entered service in 2008 in Azores, finally retired in 2011. On the market to be sold(2015)[19]
Aérospatiale Puma SA-330S1 Puma 1971
Cessna 206 1 1969 ? USA
Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six 4 1970 1974 USA
Cessna 401B 1 1971 1974 USA Used PoAF markings in special missions
Cessna 185A Skywagon 5 1971 1974 USA Received from South African Air Force
Boeing 707-3F5C 2 1971 1976 USA Transferred to TAP
CASA C-212-100 Aviocar 24 1974 2010 Spain Replaced by CASA C-295M[20]
Cessna Skymaster FTB-337G 32 1974 2007 USA
Fiat G.91R/3 70 1976 1993 Italy Only 34 flown, others were used for spares
Fiat G.91T/3 26 Only 11 flown
Northrop T-38A Talon 12 1977 1994 USA
Lockheed C-130H Hercules 6 1977 USA
Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules
Vought A-7P Corsair II 44 1981 1999 USA
Vought TA-7C Corsair II 1 1982 1984 One example (s/n 154404; c/n B-044), nicknamed "Pomba Branca" (white dove), leased from the USN for pilot conversion
Vought TA-7P Corsair II 6 1984 1999
Fournier RF-10 4 1984 1994 France
Dassault Falcon 20 DC 2 1985 1993 France Used in VIP transport and MEDEVAC. Sold on the civilian market
1 2005 Used in VIP transport, MEDEVAC and radio calibration. Preserved at Museu do Ar
Lockheed P-3P Orion 6 1985 2011 USA Replaced by former-Dutch P-3C Update II.5/CUP-CG. One being used for crew training by CFMTFA.
Alexander Schleicher ASK 21 4 1986 Germany
Aérospatiale Epsilon TB-30 18 1989 France
Portugal		 Assembled in Portugal by OGMA
Dassault Falcon 50 3 1990 France
Dassault-Breguet/Dornier Alpha Jet A 50 1993 2018 France
Germany		 Former-Luftwaffe aircraft, offered by Germany for the use of the Beja Air Base — BA11[21]
General Dynamics F-16A OCU Fighting Falcon 17 1994 USA Peace Atlantis I aircraft. Converted and updated to Mid Life Update (MLU) standard (F-16 AM/BM) by the Air Force workshops at Monte Real Air Base and OGMA[22]
General Dynamics F-16B OCU Fighting Falcon 3
CASA C-212-300 Aviocar 2 1994 2011 Spain Replaced by C-295MPA
LET L-23 Blanik 3 1996 Czech Republic
de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk Lycoming engine 7 1997 UK
Portugal		 Refurbished from existing de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk aircraft
General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon 23 1999 USA Peace Atlantis II aircraft. Updated to Mid Life Update (MLU) standard (F-16 AM/BM) by the Air Force workshops at Monte Real Air Base and OGMA[22] 9 F-16 AM and 3 F-16 BM transferred to the Romanian Air Force in 2015–2016. 3 ex-USAF F-16s including 2 F-16A and 1 F-16B delivered in 2019.[23]
General Dynamics F-16B Fighting Falcon 5
Advanced Ceramics Research Silver Fox 2 2004 USA Used by the Portuguese Air Force Academy for research and development of aeronautical components and UAV systems[24]
AgustaWestland EH101 12 2005 UK
Italy		 6 Search and rescue variant, 4 Combat search and rescue variant and 2 fisheries protection variant.[25]
Lockheed P-3C Update II.5/CUP-CG Orion 5 2006 USA Former-Dutch Navy aircraft. Receiving electronics upgrade to CUP+ standard
CASA C-295 12 2008 Spain 7 Transport aircraft (PG01) and 5 Maritime patrol aircraft (C-295 MPA, three PG02 and two PG03).[26]
ANTEX-M 4 2008 Portugal Unmanned Air Vehicle prototype developed by the Portuguese Air Force Academy. At least four built and operated[24][27][28]
General Dynamics F-16B Fighting Falcon 3 2016 USA Originally intended for Romania after undergoing upgrade; instead acquired to replace 3 Portuguese F-16 BM transferred to the Romanian Air Force. Updated to Mid Life Update (MLU) standard (F-16 BM) by the Air Force workshops at Monte Real Air Base and OGMA[22][29]
Leonardo AW119 Koala Mk. II 7 2019 UK
Italy		 Assembled at Leonardo's Philadelphia facility.[30] Two additional unit's received in 2023.[31][32]
UAVision OGASSA OGS42 12 2020 Portugal Unmanned Air Vehicle used for Surveillance and Recognition, 4 of them equipped with VTOL capacity[33]
Kamov Ka-32A11BC 6 2022 Russia 6 helicopters acquired by the Portuguese government in 2006 for the extinct public company EMA - Empresa de Meios Aéreos. This firefighting helicopters were received in 2022 from the Portuguese National Emergency and Civil Protection Authority.[34] In October 2022 the Ministry of National Defence confirms that the 6 helicopters will be sent to Ukraine as military aid due the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[35]
Dassault Falcon 900 1 2023 France Plane seized by the Portuguese Authorities and reverted to the Portuguese Air Force.[36]
Embraer C-390 Millennium 1+4 2023 Brasil

Portugal

Five C-390s ordered in 2019 to replace its C-130s.[37]
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk 2+4 2023 USA The Portuguese Air Force signed in August 2022 the acquisition of 6 UH-60A for use in fighting forest fires[38]
Lockheed P-3C Orion Cup 0+6 2023 USA The Government of Portugal acquired, for 45 million euros, 6 aircraft together with Mid-Life Upgrade (MLU) sets, spare parts, support equipment and test benches, as well as flight simulators and tactical procedures. The aircraft will be received from 2023 to 2027.[39][40]
Canadair CL-515 0+2 2024 Canada Two units purchased in 2022 to fight forest fires, the first unit will arrive in 2024 and the second in 2026[41][31]
Eurocopter AS350 B3* 4 N/A France 4 helicopters acquired by the Portuguese government in 2007 for the extinct public company EMA - Empresa de Meios Aéreos. *These helicopters are currently managed by the Portuguese Air Force, and it is expected that they will be integrated into this branch in the coming years.[42][43][44]

Army[]

After Military Aeronautics became an independent branch, the Portuguese Army activated a small aviation component in its Artillery Arm. This aviation component was disbanded in 1955, with its aircraft and role being transferred to the Air Force. The Army even signed two contracts for the purchase of helicopters, the first in the late 90s for the purchase of Eurocopter EC635 helicopters, which was canceled in 2002 due the lack of a certification to fire HOT 2 anti-tank missiles. In 2012 the acquisition of 10 NH-90 helicopters was canceled after the economic crisis that hit the country that year. The Portuguese Army would only operate air assets in the 21st century, where it currently employs a wide range of UAVs.

Aircraft Qty In service Retired Origin Notes
Piper PA-18/L-21 B Super Cub 22 1952 1955 USA Transferred to the PoAF (Used by former Army Artilley Arm)
Griffon Aerospace MQM-170 Outlaw ? 2012 USA Target drone, operated by Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment No. 1.[45][46]
DJI Mavic PRO ? 2018 China Seen in use by Portuguese Paratroopers and Madeira Military Operational Command. Number of units purchased unknown.[47][48]
AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven 36 2019 USA 36 aircraft or twelve systems (together with associated services and equipment) were purchased through the NSPA on 20 August 2018.[49]
SenseFly eBee X ? 2020 Switzerland Used by the Army Geospatial Information Center for mapping missions.[50]
DJI Matrice 300 RTK ? 2020 China Used by Madeira Military Operational Command for surveillance.[51] Madeira Military Operational Command also plans to acquire a long-range drone. Number of units purchased unknown.[52]
MyFlyDream Nimbus Tricopter 1800 ? 2020 China Unmanned aerial vehicle with VTOL capacity, used by Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment No. 1. Number of units purchased unknown.[53]
Parrot ANAFI 2 2022 France Used by Special Operations Troops Centre.[54]
MicroUAV ? 2022 ? Seen in use with the Garrison Regiment Nº3.[55]
Autel EVO II Dual 640T Enterprise V2 ? 2023 Chnia Seen in use for the first time in 2023.[56]

National Republican Guard[]

Aircraft Qty In service Retired Origin Notes
Sud Aviation Alouette II 2 1976 ? France Former Portuguese Air Force helicopter. Used for highway patrol.[57][58]
Tekever AR4 4 2014 Portugal At least 4 units received.[59][60][61]
DJI Mavic PRO ? ? China [62]
UAVision UX Spyro ? ? Portugal

Naval Aviation[]

The Navy's Aviação Naval (Naval Aviation) was created in 1917. In 1993, the Naval Aviation was reborn with the creation of the Esquadrilha de Helicópteros da Marinha (Navy's Helicopter Squadron), which operates the helicopters that serve on board the Navy's ships.

Aircraft Qty In service Retired Origin Notes
F.B.A. Type B 3 1917 1918
Donnet-Denhaut D.D.8 18 1918 1923 France Eight left by the French Aeronavale at Aveiro[63][64]
Tellier T.3 5 1918 1928
Georges Levy G.L.40HB-2 2 1918 ? France Left by the French Aeronavale at Aveiro
Felixstowe F.3 3 1920 1922 UK
Curtiss HS-2L 4 1921 1931 USA Left by the United States Navy at Horta.
Started flying in 1923
Fairey IIID/IIID Mk.2 6 1922 1931 UK
Fokker T.IIIW 4 1924 1933 Netherlands
Avro 504K 3 1925 1927 UK The first wheel aircraft
CAMS 37A 8 1927 1935 [65]
Hanriot H.41H 8 1927 1935 [65]
Macchi M.18 9 1928 1934
de Havilland DH-60HG Gipsy Moth 8 1929 1942 UK Bought four directly from de Havilland.
Other four were built from parts after the loss of the first four in accidents
Fleet F-10 26 1933 1953 Several batches
Fleet F-10B
Fleet F-10G
Junkers K 43W 5 1933 1941 Germany
Sweden		 Manufactured in Sweden
Hawker Osprey III 8 1935 1942 UK
Blackburn Shark IIA 6 1936 1938 UK
General Aircraft Monospar S.T.12 1 1936 1943
Avro 626 12 1939 1950 UK
Grumman G-21B Goose 12 1940 1952 USA Transferred to PoAF
Grumman G-44 Widgeon 12 1941 1952 USA Transferred to PoAF
Short Sunderland I 1 1941 1944 UK Interned after force landing in Portugal due to storm
Fleet 16 5 1942 ? UK
Miles Martinet T.T.I 4 1943 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
Airspeed Oxford II 12 1943 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
Bristol Blenheim IVF 12 1943 ? UK
de Havilland DH-82A Tiger Moth 30 1943 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
Bristol Beaufighter TF.X 17 1945 1946 UK [66]
Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan 7 1947 1952 USA Transferred to PoAF
Beechcraft D-18S 5 1948 1952 USA Transferred to PoAF
North American SNJ-4 8 1950 1952 USA Transferred to PoAF
Curtiss SB2C-4 Helldiver 14 1950 1952 USA Used only for spares
Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver 24 Transferred to PoAF
AgustaWestland Super Lynx Mk.95A 5 1993 UK The first aircraft of the recreated Naval Aviation
Tekever AR4 ? 2014 Portugal Given to the Navy by its manufacturer to improve its development[67]
Tekever AR3 ? 2015 Portugal In service with the Portuguese Navy at least since 2015[68]
UAVision OGASSA OGS42 V 2 2020 Portugal Acquired two units to be operated from Frigates and Offshore patrol vessels[69][70]
UAVision UX Spyro 4 2020 Portugal Purchased at least 4 units to be operated from Frigates and Offshore patrol vessels. Designate Açor-class[71]
Beyond Vision VTOne 6 2023 Portugal Acquired 6 units in early 2023[72][73]
Beyond Vision HEIFU 6 2023 Portugal Acquired 6 units in early 2023[73]
Autel EVO II Dual 640T Enterprise V2 ? 2023 China Seen in use for the first time in 2023.[74]

Military Aeronautics[]

The Army's Aeronáutica Militar (Military Aeronautics) was the first military aviation service created in Portugal and much of the Portuguese aviation origins date back to it.

Aircraft Qty In service Retired Origin Notes
Maurice Farman Type 1911-1912 1 1912 1916 France
Deperdussin Type B 1 1912 1916 France
Maurice Farman MF-11 3 1912 1917 France
Farman F.40 5 1916 1920 France
Morane-Saulnier H 1 1916 ? France
Caudron G.III 58 1916 ? France
Portugal		 50 built from 1922 at Alverca
Nieuport Ni.83 7 1917 ? France
Caudron G.IV 9 1918 1923 France
Breguet 14 A.2 28 1919 ? France
Breguet 14 T.2 1
SPAD S.VII C.1 12 1919 1935 France More units possibly received
Martinsyde F-4 Buzzard 4 1919 1933 UK
Nieuport Ni.21 8 1920 ? France
Nieuport Ni.80 3 1920 ? France
Breguet 16 Bn.2 1 1921 ? France
Vickers Valparaiso II 4 1923 1933 UK
Vickers Valparaiso I 10 1924
Caudron C.59 1 1924 ? France
Fairey IIID 1 1924 1925 UK
Avro 548 AX Airdisco 2 1924 1933 UK
Avro 504K 27 1924 1937 UK
Dornier Wal 1 1927 ? Germany
Potez 25 Bidon 1 1928 1937 France
Potez 25 A.2 35 1931 1943
Junkers W 34L 1 1928 1936 Germany
Farman F.191 1 1929 1934 France
Morane-Saulnier MS.130 1 1931 ? France
Morane-Saulnier MS.133 4 1931 ? France
Morane-Saulnier MS.233 15 1931 ? France Built under license
Junkers A50Ce Junior 1 1931 1940 Germany
Vickers Valparaiso III 13 1933 1943 UK Built under license
de Havilland DH.82 Tiger Moth 11 1934 1952 UK
Portugal		 Small number of airframes built under license in Alverca; Transferred to PoAF
de Havilland DH.82A Tiger Moth 9
de Havilland DH.85 Leopard Moth 1 1934 ? UK Aircraft named "Dilly", did Lisbon-Timor-Macau-India-Lisbon flight on December 25, 1934
Avro 631 Cadet 1 1934 1952 UK
Caproni Ca.100 Caproncino 1 1934 1940 Italy
Caproni Ca.113 Farfalla 1 1934 1939 Italy
Hawker Fury I 3 1934 1945 UK
Avro 626 Tutor 31 1936 1952 UK
Junkers Ju 52 12 1936 1952 Germany Transferred to PoAF[1][2]
Junkers Ju 52/3 mg3e
de Havilland DH.84 Dragon 3 1937 ? UK
Hawker Hind 4 1937 ? UK
de Havilland DH.88 Comet 1 1937 ? UK Reregistered CS-AAJ Salazar
Junkers Ju 86K-7 10 1938 1948 Germany
Gloster Gladiator II 30 1938 1952 UK [75][76][77]
Breda Ba.65Bis 10 1939 1941 Italy
Curtiss 75A-4 Mohawk 17 1941 1945 USA
Miles Master II/III 13 1941 1958 UK
Miles Martinet T.T.I 7 1942 ? UK
Lockheed P-38F Lightning 2 1942 1945 USA Interned during WWII after an emergency landing in Lisbon[78]
Lockheed P-38G Lightning
Supermarine Spitfire I 18 1942 1948 UK
Supermarine Spitfire VB 93 1943 1952 Transferred to PoAF
Bell P-400 Airacobra 15 1942 1950 USA Interned during WWII[79][80]
Bell P-39L Airacobra 4
Consolidated B-24/PB4Y-1 Liberator 6 1943 ? USA Interned during WWII
Douglas C-47 Dakota 1 1944 1952 USA Interned during WWII.
Transferred to PoAF[3]
de Havilland Hornet Moth 1 1943 ? UK
Bristol Blenheim IV 10 1943 1947 UK
Bristol Blenheim V 3
Lockheed Hudson III/VI 3 1943 ? USA Interned during WWII
Hawker Hurricane IIB/IIC 142 1943 1954 UK
Westland Lysander IIIA 13 1943 1952 UK
Vickers Wellington X 1 1943 ? UK Interned during WWII
Airspeed Oxford 19 1943 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
Miles Magister I 10 1946 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
Beechcraft Bonanza 1 1947 ? USA
Avro Anson T.1 10 1947 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
North American AT-6A Texan 48 1947 1952 USA Transferred to PoAF
North American AT-6B Texan
North American AT-6C Texan
North American AT-6G Texan
Boeing SB-17G Flying Fortress 5 1947 1960 USA Transferred to PoAF
Douglas C-54 Skymaster 9 1947 1978 USA Transferred to PoAF
Douglas SC-54/HC-54 Searchmaster 9 1947 ? USA 3 used for spares
de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide 1 1950 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk 10 1951 1952 UK Transferred to PoAF
Piper PA-18/L-21 B Super Cub 22 1952 1955 USA Used by Army artillery for observation, already after dissolution of the Army Aviation and the creation of the PoAF in 1952. Transferred to PoAF only in 1955

See also[]

References[]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Afonso and Gomes 2000, pp. 178–183.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Junkers Ju 52" (in pt). Esquadra 502. http://www.emfa.pt/www/po/esquadra/link-502-005.002.001.002.001-junkers-ju-52. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The C-47 /DC-3 / Dakota". 25 October 2009. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/9376/c47FAP.htm. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Mais Alto 348, p. 37
  5. ↑ Roach 1991, p. 158
  6. ↑ "Os nossos Vampiros e um outro que ... nem por isso... (M394-3RF/2010)" (in pt). Pássaro de Ferro. 4 July 2010. http://www.passarodeferro.com/2010/07/os-nossos-vampiros-e-um-outro-que-nem.html. 
  7. ↑ "De Havilland Production List". Airport-data.com. http://www.airport-data.com/manuf/De_Havilland.html. 
  8. ↑ "De Havilland Vampires, North East Aircraft Museum (Britain)". North East Aircraft Museum. http://www.neam.co.uk/vampire.html. 
  9. ↑ "Portuguese Air Force H-19 9101". http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1780/. 
  10. ↑ "Jet Provost heaven - history of the Jet Provost T.2". Jet Provost Heaven. 21 January 2010. http://www.jetprovostheaven.com/jpt2/jpt2history.html. 
  11. ↑ "Noratlas" (in pt). Esquadra 502. http://www.emfa.pt/www/po/esquadra/link-502-005.002.001.002.002-noratlas. 
  12. ↑ Mais Alto 350
  13. ↑ "Saunders Roe Skeeter". Helicopter History Site. http://www.helis.com/database/model/74/. 
  14. ↑ "Ferreira, Rui. Esquadra 552 Zangões - Em perigos e Guerras Esforçados" (in pt). Walkarounds. 21 January 2011. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0By_qE08zwbF1NGE3OTRhYjItZmI5YS00N2I4LWJkMzQtNDhhYjFhYjg3ZGY1. 
  15. ↑ Mais Alto 401, p. 13
  16. ↑ Mais Alto 401, p. 17
  17. ↑ Hagedorn and Hellström 1994
  18. ↑ "The Douglas B-26B/B-26C Invader". 20 October 2009. http://geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/9376/B26.htm. 
  19. ↑ SIC (20 May 2015). "Governo volta a tentar vender 8 helicópteros da Guerra Colonial". SIC. https://sicnoticias.sapo.pt/economia/2015-05-20-Governo-volta-a-tentar-vender-8-helicopteros-da-Guerra-Colonial. 
  20. ↑ "C-212 Aviocar" (in pt). Esquadra 502. http://www.emfa.pt/www/po/esquadra/link-502-005.002.001.002.003-c-212-aviocar. 
  21. ↑ "Martins, Nuno (2009). A Luftwaffe em Portugal 1964-1993" (in pt). Wakarounds. 28 May 2009. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0By_qE08zwbF1YWYyMTYzMDYtNjU0NS00MmQzLThiNjUtZDE5OGMxZDk0MzEz&hl=pt_PT. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Portugal - Portuguese Air Force - PoAF". http://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article16.html. 
  23. ↑ "Janes | Latest defence and security news". https://www.janes.com/article/88462/portugal-receives-first-of-three-upgraded-f-16s. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 de Sousa, J. Borges; Gonçalves, G.; Costa, A.; Morgado, J. (March 13, 2010). "Mixed initiative control of unmanned air vehicle systems: the PITVANT R&D UAV program". FEUP/AFA. http://www.emfa.pt/www/po/afa/conteudos/investigacao/Mixed%20initiative%20control%20of%20unmanned%20air%20vehicle%20systems%20the%20PITVANT%20RD%20UAV%20program.pdf. 
  25. ↑ WEBTEAM, FAP-. "Força Aérea Portuguesa" (in pt-PT). https://www.emfa.pt/aeronave-17-agustawestland-eh101-merlin. 
  26. ↑ Martini, Fernando "Nunão" De (2009-02-27). "Chegam a Portugal os primeiros C-295" (in pt-BR). https://www.aereo.jor.br/2009/02/27/chegam-a-portugal-os-primeiros-c-295/. 
  27. ↑ Machado, Miguel (April 2, 2011). ""PITVANT": PRIMEIRO PASSO PARA UM UAV PORTUGUÊS?" (in pt). Operacional. http://www.operacional.pt/%E2%80%9Cpitvant%E2%80%9D-primeiro-passo-para-um-uav-portugues/. 
  28. ↑ Machado, Miguel (July 30, 2012). "SOBRE TERRA E SOBRE O MAR, OS UAV DA FORÇA AÉREA" (in pt). Operacional. http://www.operacional.pt/sobre-terra-e-sobre-o-mar-os-uav-da-forca-aerea/. 
  29. ↑ "MAIS TRÊS F-16 PARA A FAP [M2388 - 20/2023"]. http://www.passarodeferro.com/2023/03/mais-tres-f-16-para-fap-m2388-202023.html. 
  30. ↑ WEBTEAM, FAP-. "Força Aérea Portuguesa" (in pt-PT). https://www.emfa.pt/noticia-2705-For%C3%A7a%20A%C3%A9rea%20recebe%20terceiro%20helic%C3%B3ptero%20AW119MKII%20KOALA. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Resolução do Conselho de Ministros n.º 27/2021, de 22 de março". https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/resolucao-conselho-ministros/27-2021-159841269. 
  32. ↑ "IMINENTE ENTREGA DE DOIS ÚLTIMOS KOALA DA FAP [M2438 – 70/2023"]. http://www.passarodeferro.com/2023/10/iminente-entrega-de-dois-ultimos-koala.html. 
  33. ↑ "Incêndios. Drones made in Portugal nascem a contrarrelógio" (in pt-PT). 19 July 2020. https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/18-jul-2020/incendios-drones-made-in-portugal-nascem-a-contrarrelogio-12435892.html. 
  34. ↑ "KAMOV TRANSFERIDOS PARA A FORÇA AÉREA [M2289 - 6/2022"]. http://www.passarodeferro.com/2022/02/kamov-transferidos-para-forca-aerea.html. 
  35. ↑ "Portugal to transfer six Ка-32А11VS helicopters to Ukraine" (in en-US). https://mil.in.ua/en/news/portugal-to-transfer-six-ka-32a11vs-helicopters-to-ukraine/. 
  36. ↑ "Avião utilizado para tráfico de droga fica para o Estado como pagamento de dívida" (in pt). https://tvi.iol.pt/noticias/falcon-900/aviao/aviao-utilizado-para-trafico-de-droga-fica-para-o-estado-como-pagamento-de-divida/20230224/63f93d310cf2cf9224faa0b6. 
  37. ↑ "Portugal confirms purchase of military freighter KC-390 - Airway1.com". 2019-07-11. https://www.airway1.com/portugal-confirms-purchase-of-military-freighter-kc-390/. 
  38. ↑ "SEIS BLACK HAWK PARA A FORÇA AÉREA PORTUGUESA - em actualização [M2332 - 47/2022"]. http://www.passarodeferro.com/2022/08/seis-black-hawk-para-forca-aerea.html. 
  39. ↑ admin (2023-08-30). "Portugal to Buy German Navy P-3C Orion Maritime Patrol Aircraft Fleet for €45 Million" (in en-US). https://militaryleak.com/2023/08/31/portugal-to-buy-german-navy-p-3c-orion-maritime-patrol-aircraft-fleet-for-e45-million/. 
  40. ↑ "PORTUGAL COMPRA FROTA P-3C ALEMÃ [M2428 - 60/2023"]. http://www.passarodeferro.com/2023/08/portugal-compra-frota-p-3c-alema-m2428.html. 
  41. ↑ "Incêndios: Portugal vai comprar dois Canadair, os bombeiros e a Força Aérea discutem opção. São mais caros e menos ágeis no combate ao fogo" (in pt-PT). 14 July 2022. https://expresso.pt/sociedade/2022-07-14-Incendios-Portugal-vai-comprar-dois-Canadair-os-bombeiros-e-a-Forca-Aerea-discutem-opcao.-Sao-mais-caros-e-menos-ageis-no-combate-ao-fogo-a335c2c8. 
  42. ↑ Valente, Liliana (2019-01-13). "Força Aérea autorizada a pagar 122 milhões para meios aéreos de combate a fogos" (in pt). https://www.publico.pt/2019/01/13/politica/noticia/forca-aerea-autorizada-pagar-111-milhoes-euros-meios-aereos-combate-fogos-1857504. 
  43. ↑ "MEIOS AÉREOS NO COMBATE A INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS | Operacional" (in pt-PT). https://www.operacional.pt/meios-aereos-no-combate-a-incendios-florestais/. 
  44. ↑ "KAMOV TRANSFERIDOS PARA A FORÇA AÉREA [M2289 - 6/2022"]. http://www.passarodeferro.com/2022/02/kamov-transferidos-para-forca-aerea.html. 
  45. ↑ "1st Air Defense Regiment, Portuguese Army Testimonial". Griffin Aerospace. http://griffonaerospace.com/testimonial/company-3/. 
  46. ↑ "Os Alvos Aéreos na Artilharia Antiaérea do Exército Português". https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/7544/1/TIA%20-%20Chora.pdf. 
  47. ↑ Madeira, RTP, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal-RTP (16 March 2021). "Comando Operacional já formou 17 operadores de drones" (in pt). https://www.rtp.pt/madeira/sociedade/comando-operacional-ja-formou-17-operadores-de-drones-_56790. 
  48. ↑ "PÁRAS PRONTOS PARA A REPÚBLICA CENTRO AFRICANA | Operacional" (in pt-PT). http://www.operacional.pt/paras-prontos-para-a-republica-centro-africana/. 
  49. ↑ ""Sistema crucial". Exército confirma compra de 36 drones novos - DN" (in pt). 13 September 2018. https://www.dn.pt/poder/sistema-crucial-exercito-confirma-compra-de-36-novos-drones-9840959.html. 
  50. ↑ "EXÉRCITO HI-TECH | REPORTAGEM CM" (in en). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iriEODHnihQ. 
  51. ↑ Rocha, Luís (2020-12-11). "Comando Operacional da Madeira tem novo drone com capacidades muito úteis no apoio à protecção civil" (in pt-BR). https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/12/11/comando-operacional-da-madeira-tem-novo-drone-com-capacidades-muito-uteis-no-apoio-a-proteccao-civil/. 
  52. ↑ Madeira, RTP, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal-RTP (23 January 2021). "Drone vigia até aos 100 kms (vídeo)" (in pt). https://www.rtp.pt/madeira/sociedade/drone-vigia-ate-aos-100-kms-video_52375. 
  53. ↑ "MFD Nimbus Tricopter 1800 with Portuguese Army". https://scontent.fopo4-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/193987355_2796123850636295_7725818935824299629_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-3&_nc_sid=730e14&_nc_ohc=X9dBk9NxJy0AX-zwyyb&_nc_ht=scontent.fopo4-2.fna&oh=4b753b15b477741a983beb16f986482c&oe=60DF2F45. 
  54. ↑ "Defence 360º on Instagram: "A viatura táctica ligeira blindada de operações especiais @urovesa VAMTAC ST5 E1/E2 da Força de Operações Especiais do 🇵🇹 @Exercito_pt permite o transporte e utilização do sistema aéreo remotamente pilotado @Parrot ANAFI USA."" (in en). https://www.instagram.com/p/CiFC9KNo54s/. 
  55. ↑ "Batalhão de Infantaria da Zona Militar da Madeira participou no Exercício DRONEX 22". https://www.exercito.pt/pt/informacao-publica/noticias/4782?fbclid=IwAR0vU3A8EhxCVWuwHHwy_DSgdLGfLGxVUokG1r6psi8MTyd7VRCLEqkWdFo. 
  56. ↑ "Força Portuguesa na Roménia realiza exercício de validação dos meios de comunicação de Rádio e Dados". https://www.facebook.com/emgfa/posts/pfbid02KWRfge7uvdxD6kYGeuomqh4ZmsZ4ArwrEGCSjMsh28NtT9q9rqmHskCYW8mQsMKMl. 
  57. ↑ "HELICÓPTEROS (M474-8AL/2011) (Parte I)". http://www.passarodeferro.com/2011/02/helicopteros-m474-8al2011-parte-i.html. 
  58. ↑ "CLUBE DE ESPECIALISTAS DO AB4" (in pt-PT). https://ab4especialistas.blogspot.com/2020/12/. 
  59. ↑ "As águias e os falcões. GNR usa drones para detectar" (in pt-PT). 2014-10-24. https://www.bombeiros.pt/tecnologia/aguias-e-os-falcoes-gnr-usa-drones-para-detectar-incendios.html/. 
  60. ↑ "SEGUREX 2015 | Operacional" (in pt-PT). https://www.operacional.pt/segurex-2015/. 
  61. ↑ Redacção (2020-06-30). "GNR vai vigiar florestas com drones e aviões não tripulados para prevenir incêndios" (in pt-PT). https://odigital.sapo.pt/gnr-vai-vigiar-florestas-com-drones-e-avioes-nao-tripulados-para-prevenir-incendios/. 
  62. ↑ "GNR usa drones com visão térmica no cerco a Ovar" (in pt-PT). 29 March 2020. https://www.jn.pt/local/noticias/aveiro/ovar/gnr-usa-drones-com-visao-termica-no-cerco-a-ovar--12001146.html. 
  63. ↑ Revista da Armada 84, p. 11
  64. ↑ Revista da Armada 347, p. 8
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 Revista da Armada 347, p. 9
  66. ↑ Revista da Armada 355, p. 19
  67. ↑ "Visão | Drone da Marinha Portuguesa caiu à primeira descolagem" (in pt-PT). 2014-04-17. https://visao.sapo.pt/exameinformatica/noticias-ei/insolitos/2014-04-17-drone-da-marinha-portuguesa-caiu-a-primeira-descolagem/. 
  68. ↑ "As aeronaves não tripuladas Portuguesas e as empresas Portuguesas em Le Bourget (M1815 - 07RF/2015)". http://www.passarodeferro.com/2015/07/as-aeronaves-nao-tripuladas-portuguesas.html. 
  69. ↑ "The Ogassa OGS42V hybrid VTOL UAS" (in en). https://twitter.com/Defence360/status/1228702109811593216. 
  70. ↑ "Primeira descolagem rolada e aterragem vertical do Drone Ogassa no Ponto de Apoio Naval de Portimão" (in pt-PT). http://www.marinha.pt/pt/media-center/Noticias/Paginas/Primeira-descolagem-rolada-e-aterragem-vertical-do-Drone-Ogassa-no-Ponto-de-Apoio-Naval-de-Portimao.aspx. 
  71. ↑ VM.TV; vmtvadmin (2022-06-07). ""AÇOR" DA MARINHA" (in pt-PT). https://vmtv.sapo.pt/acor-da-marinha/. 
  72. ↑ "Realizado o primeiro teste dos Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados da Marinha adquiridos no âmbito do PRR" (in pt-PT). http://www.marinha.pt/pt/media-center/Noticias/Paginas/Realizado-o-primeiro-teste-dos-Veiculos-Aereos-Não-Tripulados-da-Marinha-adquiridos-no-ambito-do-PRR.aspx. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 "Exame Informática | Marinha Portuguesa adquire 12 drones à Beyond Vision e aumenta capacidade de resposta a manobras da NATO" (in pt-PT). 2023-03-23. https://visao.sapo.pt/exameinformatica/noticias-ei/ciencia-ei/2023-03-23-marinha-portuguesa-adquire-drones-a-beyond-vision-manobras-nato/. 
  74. ↑ "AutelRobotics EVO II Dual 640T Enterprise V2". https://twitter.com/Defence360/status/1688223797919232001. 
  75. ↑ "Portuguese Air Force use of the Gloster Gladiator during the Second World War". http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/gladiator_portugal.htm. 
  76. ↑ Spencer 2003, p. 10,12,46
  77. ↑ Crawford 2002, p. 109-112
  78. ↑ "P-38s with US Navy and Foreign Air Forces". 13 June 1999. http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p38_19.html. 
  79. ↑ Public Record Office entry of 18 March 1943, quoted by "Wreckovery" in Aviation News, 10–23 August 1984.
  80. ↑ "The P-400 / P-39L Airacobra". 25 October 2009. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/9376/airacobra.htm. 

Sources[]

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