Twenty-four known prisoner-of-war camps existed across Canada during World War I. The ethnic groups arrested and detained in internment camps were Austro-Hungarians (mostly Ukrainians) and Germans. Austro-Hungarian Prisoners were mainly residents of Canada from the Ukraine. Since Ukraine was then a province of the empire of Austria-Hungary, many still had Austro-Hungarian nationality and were considered to be resident enemy aliens. William Dostock, for example, who immigrated to Canada in 1910 from Austria-Hungary and was not yet naturalized was interned from 1915–1920 as an enemy alien.[1]
German prisoners were mainly residents of Canada from Germany. Germans formed a large proportion of the detainees since Canada served as a place of detention for German prisoners of war on behalf of the British.[1]
The prisoners were given various tasks; many worked in the forests as logging crews. In addition to the main camps there were branch camps and labour camps.
Camp | Location | Province | Type of Buildings | Period |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amherst Internment Camp | Amherst | Nova Scotia | Malleable Iron Foundry | April 1915 to September 1919 |
Beauport | Quebec | The Armoury | December 1914 to June 1916 | |
Castle Mountain Internment Camp | Banff & Castle Mountain | Alberta | Dominion Park | July 1915 to July 1917 |
Brandon | Manitoba | Exhibition Building | September 1914 to July 1916 | |
Edgewood | British Columbia | Bunk Houses | August 1915 to September 1916 | |
Fernie & Morrissey | British Columbia | Rented premises | June 1915 to October 1918 | |
Halifax | Nova Scotia | Halifax Citadel | September 1914 to October 1918 | |
Jasper | Alberta | Dominion Park | February 1916 to August 1916 | |
Kapuskasing, Ontario | Ontario | Bunk Houses | December 1914 to February 1920 | |
Kingston, Ontario | Ontario | Fort Henry | August 1914 to November 1917 | |
Lethbridge | Alberta | Exhibition Building | September 1914 to November 1916 | |
Monashee & Mara Lake | British Columbia | Tents and Bunkhouses | June 1915 to July 1917 | |
Montreal | Quebec | Immigration Hall | August 1914 to November 1918 | |
Eaton Internment Camp | Munson & Eaton | Alberta | Railway Cars | October 1918 to March 1919 |
Nanaimo | British Columbia | Provincial government building | September 1914 to September 1915 | |
Niagara Falls | Ontario | The Armoury | December 1914 to August 1918 | |
Petawawa | Ontario | Militia Camp | December 1914 to May 1916 | |
Revelstoke & Field & Otter | British Columbia | Bunk Houses | September 1915 to October 1916 | |
Sault-St-Marie | Ontario | The Armoury | January 1915 to January 1918 | |
Spirit Lake | Spirit Lake | Quebec | Bunk Houses | January 1915 to January 1917 |
Toronto | Ontario | Stanley Barracks | December 1914 to October 1916 | |
Winnipeg | Manitoba | Fort Osborne | September 1914 to July 1916 | |
Valcartier | Quebec | Militia Camp | April 1915 to October 1915 | |
Vernon | British Columbia | Provincial government building | September 1914 to February 1920 |
See also[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada. |
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Internment Camps in Canada during the First and Second World Wars". Library and Archives Canada. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/the-public/005-1142.27-e.html. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- Internment Operations, 1914-1920: Report by Sir William Otter,1921. (AMICUS 28573593)
- Internment Operations:The Role of Old Fort Henry in World War I by Lubomyr Y. Luciuk and edited by Bryan Rollason, 1980.(AMICUS 2357598)
Ukrainians[]
- A Bare and Impolitic Right: Internment and Ukrainian-Canadian Redress by Bohdan S. Kordan and Craig Mahovsky, 2004. (AMICUS 28573593)
- Commemorating an Injustice: Fort Henry and Ukrainian Canadian as "Enemy Aliens" During the First World War, editor John B. Gregorovich, 1994. (AMICUS 13936871)
- Enemy Aliens, Prisoners of War: Internment in Canada During the Great War by Bohdan S. Kordan, 2002. (AMICUS 27491559)
- Freedom Had a Price (videorecording); producer/director/editor Yurij Luhovy; associate producer, Zorianna Hrycenko; script writers Thom Richardson and Oksana Rozumna; narrator Paul Almond, 1994. (AMICUS 14190060)
- In fear of the Barbed Wire Fence: Canada's First National Internment Operations and the Ukrainian Canadians, 1914-1920 by Lubomyr Luciuk, 2001. (AMICUS 23071505)
- In my Charge: the Canadian Internment Camp Photographs of Sergeant William Buck by Lubomyr Y. Luciuk & Borys Sydoruk, 1997.
(AMICUS 15993713)
- In the Shadow of the Rockies: Diary of the Castle Mountain Internment Camp, 1915-1917; edited and introduced by Bohdan S. Kordan and Peter Melnycky, 1991. (AMICUS 10660898)
- Interned Without Cause, by Peter Krawchuk, translated from the Ukrainian by Pat Prokop, 1985.(AMICUS 5270594)
- Righting an Injustice: the Debate Over Redress for Canada's First National Internment Operations, edited by Lubomyr Luciuk; afterword by Mary Manko Haskett, 1994. (AMICUS 13412334)
- Righting Historical Wrongs: Internment, Acknowledgement and Redress by Kordan, Bohdan S, 1993. (AMICUS 13649978)
- Roll Call: Lest We Forget; compiled by Lubomyr Y. Luciuk with the assistance of Yurieva and Roman Zakaluzny, 1999. (AMICUS 22419242)
- A Time for Atonement: Canada's First National Internment Operations and the Ukrainian Canadians, 1914-1920 by Lubomyr Luciuk, 1988. (AMICUS 7644718)
- Without Just Cause: Canada's First National Internment Operations and the Ukrainian Canadians, 1914-1920 by Lubomyr Y. Luciuk, 2006. (AMICUS 32338124)
The original article can be found at List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada and the edit history here.