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List of United States Navy vice admirals since 2020

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Flag of a United States Navy vice admiral

Flag of a Navy
vice admiral

This is a list of vice admirals in the United States Navy since 2020. The rank of vice admiral (or three-star admiral) is the second-highest rank normally achievable in the U.S. Navy, and the first to have a specified number of appointments set by statute. It ranks above rear admiral (two-star admiral) and below admiral (four-star admiral). There have been 29 vice admirals in the U.S. Navy since January 1, 2020, one of whom was promoted to four-star admiral. All 29 achieved that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Navy. Admirals entered the Navy via several paths: 16 were commissioned via Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) at a civilian university, 8 via the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA), 2 via Officer Candidate School (OCS), 2 via Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS), and one via the California State University Maritime Academy (CSU Maritime).

List of admirals[]

Entries in the following list of vice admirals are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was promoted to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty. Each entry lists the admiral's name, date of rank,[lower-alpha 1] active-duty positions held while serving at three-star rank,[lower-alpha 2] number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank (Yrs),[lower-alpha 3] year commissioned and source of commission,[lower-alpha 4] number of years in commission when promoted to three-star rank (YC),[lower-alpha 5] and other biographical notes.[lower-alpha 6]

List of U.S. Navy vice admirals since 2020
# Name Photo Date of rank[lower-alpha 1] Position[lower-alpha 2] Yrs[lower-alpha 3] Commission[lower-alpha 4] YC[lower-alpha 5] Notes[lower-alpha 6]
1 Randy B. Crites 15 May 2020  
  • Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Integration of Capabilities and Resources (DCNO N8), 2020–present.
 2 1985 (OCS)[lower-alpha 7] 35 (1962–        )
2 Yancy B. Lindsey 29 May 2020   2 1986 (AOCS) 34 (1962–        ) Naval aviator.
3 Eugene H. Black III 1 Jun 2020   2 1986 (USNA) 34 (1964–        )
4 Jeffrey E. Trussler 5 Jun 2020   2 1985 (NROTC) 35 (1963–        )
5 William J. Galinis 19 Jun 2020   2 1983 (USNA) 37 (1961–        )
6 Michelle C. Skubic 24 Jul 2020   2 1988 (NROTC) 32 (1966–        ) Supply Corps.
7 Roy I. Kitchener 3 Aug 2020   2 1984 (NROTC) 36 (1962–        )
8 John B. Mustin 7 Aug 2020   2 1990 (USNA) 30 (1967–        ) Son of Navy vice admiral Henry C. Mustin; grandson of Navy vice admiral Lloyd M. Mustin.
* Samuel J. Paparo Jr. 19 Aug 2020   1 1987 (NROTC) 33 (1964–        ) Naval aviator. Promoted to admiral, 5 May 2021.
9 Kenneth R. Whitesell 2 Oct 2020   2 1985 (AOCS) 35 (1961–        )
10 Jeffrey W. Hughes 1 Feb 2021  
  • Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Warfighting Development (DCNO N7), 2021–present.
 1 1988 (NROTC) 33 (1966–        ) Naval aviator.
11 Charles B. Cooper II 5 May 2021   1 1989 (USNA) 32 (1967–        )
12 Kelly A. Aeschbach 7 May 2021   1 1990 (NROTC) 31 (1968–        )
13 Stephen T. Koehler 3 Jun 2021   1 1986 (NROTC) 35 (1964–        ) Naval aviator.
14 John V. Fuller 11 Jun 2021   1 1987 (USNA) 34 (1965–        )
15 Karl O. Thomas
8 Jul 2021   1 1986 (NROTC) 35 (1963–        ) Naval aviator.
16 Frank D. Whitworth III
30 Jul 2021[1] 1 1989 (NROTC) 32 (1967–        ) Brother-in-law of Navy vice admiral Darse E. Crandall Jr.
17 Francis D. Morley
4 Aug 2021  
  • Principal Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development, and Acquisition) (PMD ASN(RDA)), 2021–present.
 1 1988 (NROTC) 33 (1966–        ) Naval aviator.
18 Darse E. Crandall Jr.
18 Aug 2021   1 1984 (NROTC) 37 (1962–        ) Judge Advocate General's Corps. Brother-in-law of Navy vice admiral Frank D. Whitworth III.
19 Daniel W. Dwyer
20 Aug 2021   1 1988 (CSU Maritime) 33 (1966–        ) Naval aviator.
20 Carl P. Chebi
9 Sep 2021   1 1987 (NROTC) 34 (1965–        ) Naval aviator.
21 William J. Houston 10 Sep 2021   1 1990 (NROTC) 31 (1968–        )
22 Collin P. Green 16 Dec 2021   1 1986 (USNA) 35 (1962–        ) Navy SEAL.
23 Sara A. Joyner 3 Jun 2022  
  • Director, Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, Joint Staff, J8, 2022–present.
 0 1989 (USNA) 33 (1967–        ) Naval aviator.
24 Richard J. Cheeseman Jr. 3 Jun 2022  
  • Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Manpower, Personnel, Training and Education/Chief of Naval Personnel (DCNO N1/CNP), 2022–present.
 0 1989 (NROTC) 33 (1966–        )
25 Michael E. Boyle 16 Jun 2022   0 1987 (NROTC) 35 (1965–        ) Naval aviator.
26 Craig A. Clapperton 4 Aug 2022   0 1989 (NROTC) 33 (1967–        )
27 Frank M. Bradley 10 Aug 2022   0 1991 (USNA) 31 (c. 1970–        ) Navy SEAL.
28 Thomas E. Ishee 15 Sep 2022   0 1988 (OCS) 34 (1965–        )

Timeline[]

2020–present[]

Thomas IsheeFrank M. BradleyCraig ClappertonMichael E. BoyleRichard Cheeseman Jr.Sara A. JoynerCollin P. GreenWilliam J. HoustonCarl P. ChebiDaniel W. DwyerDarse CrandallFrancis D. MorleyFrank D. WhitworthKarl O. ThomasJohn V. FullerStephen T. KoehlerKelly AeschbachCharles Cooper IIJeffrey W. HughesKenneth R. WhitesellSamuel PaparoJohn MustinRoy KitchenerMichelle K. SkubicWilliam J. GalinisJeffrey TrusslerEugene H. Black IIIYancy LindseyRandy B. CritesWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

History[]

See also: List of United States Navy vice admirals on active duty before 1960#History

Civil War[]

Stephen C Rowan

Stephen C. Rowan

The grade of vice admiral in the United States Navy was created by Congress in December 1864 to honor David G. Farragut for his victory at the Battle of Mobile Bay during the American Civil War. The promotion made Farragut the senior officer in the Navy but did not give him command of all naval forces, unlike the corresponding grade of lieutenant general that had been revived for Ulysses S. Grant earlier that year.[2] After the war, Farragut was promoted to admiral and his vacated vice admiralcy was filled by David D. Porter. When Farragut died in 1870, Porter succeeded him as admiral and Stephen C. Rowan became vice admiral. Three years later, Congress stopped further promotions to admiral or vice admiral, and the vice admiral grade expired with Rowan in 1890.[3]

After the Spanish-American War, Congress tried to revive the grade to reward William T. Sampson and Winfield S. Schley for winning the Battle of Santiago de Cuba, but the officers feuded bitterly over credit for the victory and their partisans in the Senate could not agree on who would be the senior vice admiral, so neither was promoted.[4][5] Even after Sampson died in 1902, his admirers continued to prevent Schley from being promoted, while Schley's friends blocked all moves to elevate any other officer over him during his lifetime, such as an attempt to promote Robley D. Evans to vice admiral on the retired list in 1909. No new vice admirals were created until after Schley's death in 1911.[6][7]

World War I[]

File:Henry Thomas Mayo.JPG

Henry T. Mayo

In 1915, Congress authorized the President to designate the commanders in chief of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Asiatic Fleets to hold the rank of admiral, and their seconds in command the rank of vice admiral. The chief of naval operations (CNO) received the rank of admiral the following year.[8] Because Porter and Rowan had been promoted permanently to vice admiral and then never gone to sea again, Congress made these new ranks strictly ex officio. Upon relinquishing command, an officer lost his designation as admiral or vice admiral and reverted to his permanent grade of rear admiral.[9] The three fleet commanders were immediately made admirals to match the rank of their foreign counterparts, but only the second in command of the Atlantic Fleet, Henry T. Mayo, was designated a vice admiral, since the Pacific and Asiatic Fleets were too small to employ their vice admirals.[10]

Albert Gleaves LCCN2014704998 (cropped)

Albert Gleaves

When the United States entered World War I, Congress generalized the law to let the President designate up to six commanders of any fleet or subdivision of a fleet to hold ranks higher than rear admiral, of which up to three could be admirals and the rest vice admirals. This allowed William S. Sims to be designated vice admiral as commander of U.S. Naval Forces in European Waters. The other two vice admiral designations went to the Atlantic Fleet's two battleship force commanders.[11] When the Asiatic Fleet's commander in chief retired in December 1918, his four-star designation was transferred to Sims, whose vacated vice admiralcy went to Albert Gleaves, commander of the Atlantic Fleet's cruiser and transport force.[12] By the end of 1918, all three seagoing admirals and all three vice admirals were assigned to the Atlantic and European theaters, including the four-star commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet, who had taken a force to patrol the South Atlantic Ocean.[13]

William Ledyard Rodgers

William L. Rodgers

With the end of hostilities in Europe, the six designations for admirals and vice admirals were redistributed in 1919. The commanders in chief of the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets remained admirals. About half of the major ships in the Atlantic Fleet transferred to the Pacific Fleet, which was now large enough to employ a vice admiral to command its battleship force. A second vice admiral commanded the battleship force of the Atlantic Fleet, and a third vice admiral, Gleaves, commanded its cruiser and transport force. The sixth designation returned to the Asiatic Fleet when Sims left his European command, but its commander in chief, William L. Rodgers, was promoted only to vice admiral since Gleaves was already slated to be its admiral, so for a few months there were four vice admirals and only three admirals, including the CNO.[14]

In September 1919, Gleaves was appointed commander in chief of the Asiatic Fleet with the rank of admiral. Rodgers remained vice admiral in command of Division 1 of the Asiatic Fleet until January 1920, so for the first and only time, the Pacific, Atlantic, and Asiatic Fleets each had an admiral and vice admiral, as originally envisioned in 1915.[15]

Interwar[]

In 1922 the three fleets were combined into a single United States Fleet with three admirals and three vice admirals. One admiral served as commander in chief of the United States Fleet (CINCUS), a second admiral as commander in chief of the Asiatic Fleet, and the third admiral as commander in chief of the former Pacific Fleet, now the Battle Fleet. A vice admiral commanded the former Atlantic Fleet, now the Scouting Fleet, and a second vice admiral commanded the battleship divisions of the Battle Fleet.[16] The Battle Fleet and Scouting Fleet became the Battle Force and Scouting Force, respectively, when the United States Fleet was reorganized into type commands in 1931.[17] When the Pacific and Atlantic Fleets were reconstituted in February 1941, CINCUS was dual-hatted as commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC), and the commander in chief of the Atlantic Fleet was made an admiral by downgrading the Battle Force's commander to vice admiral and its battleship commander to rear admiral.[18]

The third vice admiral designation moved from the Asiatic Fleet to the commander of U.S. Naval Forces in European Waters in 1920 and lapsed when the European force was disbanded in 1929. It was revived the next year for the commander of the Scouting Fleet's light cruiser divisions and subsequently the Scouting Force's cruisers, before migrating in 1935 to the commander of the Battle Force's aircraft.[19]

William Veazie Pratt

William V. Pratt

A flag officer in the United States Fleet climbed a cursus honorum that nominally began with command of a battleship division as a rear admiral, followed by command of all battleship divisions in the Battle Force as a vice admiral, then command of the entire Battle Force as an admiral, and finally either CINCUS, the highest office afloat, or CNO, the highest office ashore—or both, in the case of William V. Pratt.[20] Upon leaving the fleet, it was normal for a former three- or four-star commander to revert to his permanent grade of rear admiral and remain on active duty until statutory retirement as president of the Naval War College, commandant of a naval district, or member of the General Board.[8]

Since there were four admirals and only three vice admirals, it was not uncommon to skip the rank of vice admiral entirely, especially for commanders in chief of the Asiatic Fleet, which was seen as a four-star consolation prize for flag officers who were out of the running for CINCUS or CNO.[20] By the early 1940s, neither the CNO (Harold R. Stark), CINCUS (Claude C. Bloch, James O. Richardson), nor CINCPAC (Husband E. Kimmel, Chester W. Nimitz) had ever been a vice admiral.

World War II[]

Ghormley;g12864

Robert L. Ghormley

In July 1941, Congress authorized the President to designate, at his own discretion, up to nine additional officers to carry the ex officio rank of vice admiral while performing special or unusual duty, for a total of 12 vice admirals in the permanent establishment.[21] The first of the nine new vice admiral designations was assigned to Robert L. Ghormley, then serving as special observer in the U.S. Embassy in London.[22] After the United States entry into World War II in December 1941, the new commander in chief of the Atlantic Fleet, Royal E. Ingersoll, was designated a vice admiral after his predecessor, Ernest J. King, was appointed commander in chief of the United States Fleet (COMINCH, formerly CINCUS) and took the Atlantic Fleet's four-star designation with him.[23] The remaining seven vice admiral slots were quickly filled by the director of the Office of Procurement and Material and the commanders of U.S. Naval Forces, Southwest Pacific; ANZAC Force; the service forces in the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets; and two anti-submarine task forces in the Atlantic Fleet.

Russell L. Willson

Russell Willson

All 12 vice admiral designations were in use by March 1942, when a headquarters reorganization called for two more vice admirals to be vice chief of naval operations and chief of staff to COMINCH. Frederick J. Horne and Russell Willson were nominated to be temporary vice admirals,[24] under a 1941 statute that authorized an unlimited number of appointments in all grades for temporary service during a national emergency, with temporary flag officers needing confirmation by the Senate.[25] The statute technically created temporary grades only up to rear admiral, but the Senate confirmed Horne and Willson as vice admirals anyway,[26] and continued to confirm temporary admirals and vice admirals when nominated. Dozens of temporary vice admirals were appointed during World War II, either to serve in a specified job or simply for the duration of the national emergency.

Postwar[]

The Officer Personnel Act of 1947 consolidated the various laws governing vice admiral appointments. Previously, the President had controlled a pool of 12 vice admiral designations that he could assign at his own discretion.[27] In addition, the Senate could confirm an unlimited number of officers nominated by the President to hold the temporary personal grade of vice admiral, either while serving in a particular job or for the duration of a national emergency.[25] Under the new law, all vice admirals had to be confirmed by the Senate, and held that temporary grade only while serving in a particular job. The maximum number of vice admirals was proportional to the total number of flag officers.[28]

The new law also made any former admiral or vice admiral eligible to retire with that rank,[28] simplifying the hodgepodge of rules that had promoted various classes of retirees piecemeal. Originally every designated admiral and vice admiral retired in his permanent grade of rear admiral. In 1930 Congress promoted officers on the retired list to their highest rank held during World War I, which was defined as having ended on July 2, 1921, so John D. McDonald, who became vice admiral on July 1, 1921, was promoted, but William R. Shoemaker, who became vice admiral only a week later, was not.[29][30] In 1942 former fleet commanders were allowed to retire as admiral or vice admiral if they had served in that grade for at least a year, a cutoff that John H. Dayton and Walter R. Sexton both missed by about two weeks. Dayton lived long enough to be advanced back to vice admiral by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, but Sexton did not.[31]

ADM McCormick, Lynde D

Lynde D. McCormick

Postwar vice admirals typically headed directorates in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, numbered fleets, type commands, sea frontiers, senior educational institutions like the National War College and the Naval War College, or other interservice or international positions. Upon completing their capstone assignments, many senior flag officers resumed the prewar pattern of remaining on active duty in a lower grade until statutory retirement, in contrast to Army and Air Force general officers who usually preferred to retire immediately to avoid demotion. For example, Lynde D. McCormick reverted from vice admiral to rear admiral but rose again to vice admiral and admiral before dropping to vice admiral for his final assignment.[32]

Tombstone promotions[]

Further information: List of United States Navy tombstone vice admirals
VADM David Worth Bagley, USN

David W. Bagley

In 1925 Congress authorized Navy and Marine Corps officers who had been specially commended for performance of duty in actual combat during World War I to retire with the rank of the next higher grade but not its pay. Such honorary increases in rank at retirement were dubbed tombstone promotions, since their only tangible benefit was the right to carve the higher rank on the officer's tombstone.[33][34] Later laws expanded eligibility beyond World War I and to officers already on the retired list. Tombstone promotions were limited in 1947 to duty performed before the end of World War II, meaning before January 1, 1947, and halted entirely in 1959.[35] By May 29, 1959, there were 154 vice admirals on the retired list who had never served on active duty in that rank, not counting those already deceased.[36]

RobertGiffen

Robert C. Giffen

Dozens of vice admirals received tombstone promotions to admiral.[36] Even if a vice admiral reverted to rear admiral, he could still retire as a vice admiral and then claim a tombstone promotion to admiral, but only if he had satisfactory service in the temporary grade of vice admiral during World War II. For example, Gerald F. Bogan, David W. Bagley, Robert C. Giffen, and Alexander Sharp Jr. all reverted to rear admiral after serving as a vice admiral, and all qualified for a tombstone promotion, but only Bagley was advanced to admiral when he retired.

  • Bogan was confirmed by the Senate to be a temporary vice admiral while commanding the First Task Fleet after World War II, but offended the secretary of the Navy during the so-called Revolt of the Admirals and was relieved of his three-star command only three weeks before he was scheduled to retire with a tombstone promotion to admiral. Instead, he reverted to rear admiral and received a tombstone promotion back to vice admiral.[37][38]
  • Bagley was confirmed by the Senate to be a temporary vice admiral while serving in a succession of jobs during World War II, before reverting to rear admiral. He retired in his highest wartime grade of vice admiral and received a tombstone promotion to admiral.[lower-alpha 8][39]
  • Giffen was confirmed by the Senate to be a temporary vice admiral while commanding the Caribbean Sea Frontier during World War II, but was reprimanded for misconduct in that role. Having unsatisfactory service as a vice admiral, he retired as a rear admiral and received a tombstone promotion back to vice admiral.[lower-alpha 9][40][41]
  • Sharp was designated by the President to hold the rank of vice admiral while commanding the Service Force, Atlantic Fleet during World War II, but was never confirmed by the Senate to hold the temporary personal grade of vice admiral, unlike Bagley and Giffen. Sharp retired with his highest active-duty rank of vice admiral but was not advanced to admiral because tombstone promotions were based on personal grades, not designated ranks.[39]

Modern use[]

201125-D-BN624-0094 (50664818713)

Vice Adm. Samuel Paparo greets Acting U.S. Secretary of Defense Christopher C. Miller in Manama, Bahrain on November 25, 2020.

There are presently 27 permanent three-star billets in the United States Navy. These positions include commanders of numbered fleets[lower-alpha 10] as well as high-level type commands and geographic commands, including the commanders of the naval submarine forces, naval surface forces, naval information forces and the chief of navy reserve. Heads of Navy staff corps such as the judge advocate general[lower-alpha 11] are also vice admirals. The superintendent of the United States Naval Academy has been a three-star vice admiral without interruption since John R. Ryan's tenure began in 1998.

As with any other service branch, vice admirals can hold joint assignments, of which there are 20 to 30 at any given time. Among the most prestigious of them is the director of the Joint Staff (DJS), principal staff advisor to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and historically considered a stepping stone to four-star rank.[43] All deputy commanders of the unified combatant commands are of three-star rank, as are directors of Defense Agencies not headed by a civilian such as the director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIRDIA).[44] Internationally-based three-star positions include the United States military representative to the NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), the commander of Allied Joint Force Command - Norfolk (JFC-NF), and the security coordinator for the Palestinian National Authority in Israel. All nominees for three-star rank must be confirmed via majority by the Senate before the appointee can take office and thus assume the rank.[45]

Statutory limits, elevations and reductions[]

Navy JAG Corps Welcomes New Leadership 210817-N-AT530-0406

Vice Adm. Darse E. Crandall Jr. provides remarks after being sworn in as the 45th judge advocate general of the Navy on August 18, 2021.

2022 U.S. Third Fleet Change of Command 220616-N-XL376-1001

Vice Adm. Michael E. Boyle salutes sideboys during the change of command ceremony for U.S. Third Fleet on June 16, 2022.

The U.S. Code states that no more than 27 officers in the U.S. Navy may be promoted beyond the rank of rear admiral and below the rank of admiral on the active duty list, with the exception of those on joint duty assignments.[46] However, the President[46] may designate up to 15 additional three-star appointments, with the condition that for every service branch allotted such additional three-star appointments, an equivalent number must be reduced from other service branches. Other exceptions exist for non-active duty or reserve appointments, as well as other circumstances.[47] As such, three-star positions can be elevated to four-star status or reduced to two-star status where deemed necessary, either to highlight their increasing importance[lower-alpha 12] to the defense apparatus (or lack thereof) or to achieve parity with equivalent commands in other services or regions.

  • Rear Admiral Frank D. Whitworth II was promoted to vice admiral on July 30, 2021, making him the first director of intelligence of the Joint Staff to hold three-star rank.[1] The elevation would remain in place after Whitworth's assignment as director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, with the role being taken over by Lieutenant General Dimitri Henry.[48][49]
  • Lieutenant General Jeffrey A. Kruse was appointed the first advisor for military to the director of national intelligence in August 2021 as part of organizational changes to the ODNI. The role was created to serve as a "focal point" for the ODNI to communicate with the Department of Defense, including the under secretary of defense for intelligence and security, combat support agency directors and the combatant commands.[50]

Senate confirmations[]

While it is rare for three-star or four-star nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn. Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session.

  • For example, the nomination of Major General Ryan F. Gonsalves for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as commanding general of U.S. Army Europe was withdrawn in November 2017[51] after an investigation was launched into the general's inappropriate comment to a female Congressional staffer.[52] As a result, Gonsalves was administratively reprimanded and retired in May 2018.[52][53][54]

Additionally, events that take place after Senate confirmation may still delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office.

  • For example, Major General John G. Rossi, who had been confirmed for promotion to lieutenant general[55] and assignment as the commanding general of the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command in April 2016[56] committed suicide two days before his scheduled promotion and assumption of command.[57] As a result, the then incumbent commander of USASMDC, Lieutenant General David L. Mann, remained in command beyond statutory term limits until another nominee, Major General James H. Dickinson was confirmed by the Senate.[58]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "United States Navy Flag Officers (Public), November 2021". https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Career/Detailing/Flag/November%202021%20Roster%20Public.pdf?ver=JeU6jj4-V0AiS9F9GvJeUA%3d%3d. 
  2. ↑ "Vice-Admiral Farragut". December 23, 1864. p. 6. https://www.nytimes.com/1864/12/23/archives/viceadmiral-farragut.html. 
  3. ↑ Acts of December 21, 1874 (13 United States Statutes at Large 420); July 25, 1866 (14 United States Statutes at Large 222); and January 24, 1873 (17 United States Statutes at Large 418). Chisholm, pp. 311-313, 349-353.
  4. ↑ "Admirals Sampson and Schley". February 23, 1901. p. 617. https://books.google.com/books?id=4BxWxUoij4EC&pg=PA617. 
  5. ↑ "Sampson Doomed". February 28, 1901. p. 5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/89504178. 
  6. ↑ "Case Is Lost". January 29, 1902. p. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118851044. 
  7. ↑ "Evans No Vice Admiral". February 16, 1909. p. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/371065679/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Peeks, Ryan (October 2016). "Temporary Admirals Might Do". https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2016/october/temporary-admirals-might-do. 
  9. ↑ Chisholm, pp. 557, 565, 568. House Report No. 377, 63d Congress, 2d Session: Admirals and Vice Admirals, United States Navy. Government Printing Office. March 13, 1914. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Serial_set_no_5800_6599/sdI3AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1. 
  10. ↑ Hearings Before the Committee on Naval Affairs, House of Representatives, Sixty-Fourth Congress, First Session, on Estimates Submitted by the Secretary of the Navy, 1916, Volume 3. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1916. pp. 3565–3566, 3653–3654. https://books.google.com/books?id=twkwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3565. 
  11. ↑ "Two Divisions Of Atlantic Battleship Fleet Announced". July 19, 1917. p. 2. https://books.google.com/books?id=JJMwAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA11-PA2. 
  12. ↑ "Half Of U.S. Navy Soon Will Be Sent To The Pacific Ocean". November 30, 1918. p. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37814263/. 
  13. ↑ Johnson, pp 181–183.
  14. ↑ "To Command Our Atlantic Fleet". July 10, 1919. p. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/273794322/. 
  15. ↑ "Changes Among Navy Flag Officers". February 7, 1920. p. 698. https://books.google.com/books?id=gXYTgx7qXtAC&pg=PA698. 
  16. ↑ Annual Reports of the Navy Department For The Fiscal Year 1923. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1924. p. 122. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Report_of_the_Secretary_of_the_Navy/FfqvOOYzUVAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA122. 
  17. ↑ Wheeler, pp. 325–326.
  18. ↑ King and Whitehill, p. 318.
  19. ↑ "Marvell Awarded Vice Admiralcy As Third Of Rank". December 14, 1930. p. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/259057567/. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Wheeler, pp. 242, 252–255.
  21. ↑ Chisholm, pp. 763–764. Hearings Before the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives on Sundry Legislation Affecting the Naval Establishment, 1941–[1942: Seventy-Sixth Congress, First–[Second] Session, Volume 1]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1942. pp. 1426–1433. https://books.google.com/books?id=zGUmFvZCAocC&pg=1429. 
  22. ↑ Rear Admiral Robert L. Ghormley Advanced To Vice Admiral. Navy Department press release. September 20, 1941. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Press_Release/dL_zrP8rK6QC?gbpv=1&bsq=Ghormley. 
  23. ↑ "Ingersoll Raised To Full Admiral". July 3, 1942. p. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/249265558/. 
  24. ↑ "Admiral King Named To Head Operations; Two Are Promoted". March 14, 1942. p. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/100562173/. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Acts of July 24, 1941 (55 United States Statutes at Large 603) and August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947] (61 United States Statutes at Large 886). "Personal Money Allowance—Admirals And Vice Admirals (22 Comp. Gen. 1071)". Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States. 22. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1943. p. 1071. https://books.google.com/books?id=vkPLm-aC_YoC&pg=PA1071. 
  26. ↑ Hearings Before the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives on Sundry Legislation Affecting the Naval Establishment, 1943–[1944: Seventy-Sixth Congress, First–[Second] Session, Volume 1]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1944. p. 3202. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearings_Before_the_Committee_on_Naval_A/ZIctAAAAMAAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PA3202. 
  27. ↑ Acts of March 3, 1915 (38 United States Statutes at Large 941); May 22, 1917 (40 United States Statutes at Large 89); July 17, 1941 (55 United States Statutes at Large 598); and August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947] (61 United States Statutes at Large 886). Chisholm, pp. 763-764. Congressional Record (June 30, 1941), Vol. 87, Part 1, p. 5727.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Act of August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947] (61 United States Statutes at Large 886.)
  29. ↑ "Ten Admirals For Life". August 23, 1930. p. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/100502904/. 
  30. ↑ "Army and Navy News". August 17, 1930. p. 65. https://www.newspapers.com/image/619013576. 
  31. ↑ "Navy Officers' Elevation Due". July 10, 1942. p. 15. https://www.newspapers.com/image/637525169. 
  32. ↑ "Biographic Sketch: Vice Admiral Lynde D. McCormick, U.S.N.". October 1956. pp. 54–55. JSTOR 45183760. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45183760. 
  33. ↑ "Navy Officers Make Honorary Rank Bid". August 5, 1959. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/702387285. 
  34. ↑ Hearings Before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Eighty-Sixth Congress, Second Session, Part 3: Financial Statements: Manpower, Personnel, and Reserves. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1960. pp. 742–743. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Department_of_Defense_Appropriations_for/um8eAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA742. 
  35. ↑ Acts of March 4, 1925 (43 United States Statutes at Large 1278); July 17, 1941 (55 United States Statutes at Large 598); June 6, 1942 (56 United States Statutes at Large 370); August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947] (61 United States Statutes at Large 886); October 12, 1949 [Career Compensation Act of 1949] (63 United States Statutes at Large 806); and August 11, 1959 (72 United States Statutes at Large 337). Patrick, Howard A. (August 1948). "The Effect of Combat Commendation Upon Retirement". pp. 957–965. https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1948/august/effect-combat-commendation-upon-retirement. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Eighty-Sixth Congress, First Session on S. 1795: A Bill Amending Title 10, United States Code, to Revise Certain Provisions Relating to the Promotion and Involuntary Retirement of Officers of the Regular Components of the Armed Forces. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1959. pp. 25–26, 61–62. https://books.google.com/books?id=-UZAbWOPT5sC&pg=PA26. 
  37. ↑ Wooldridge, E. T. (1995). Into the Jet Age: Conflict and Change in Naval Aviation, 1945–1975, An Oral History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 104–105. 
  38. ↑ "Bogan's Retirement Rank In Jeopardy". January 31, 1950. p. 12. https://www.newspapers.com/image/605569001/. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Court-Martial Order No. 4–1948: Advancement in rank on retired list: special commendation for performance of duty in actual combat. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. April 1948. pp. 127–131. https://books.google.com/books?id=zPRbOrtxnakC&pg=PA127. 
  40. ↑ "Admonish, Reprimand 5 Naval Men". May 24, 1946. p. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/501203162/. 
  41. ↑ Investigation of the National Defense Program: Hearings Before A Special Committee Investigating The National Defense Program, United States Senate, Seventy-Ninth Congress, Second Session, Pursuant To S. Res. 55 (79th Congress), Part 33. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1946. pp. 17307–17322, 17539. https://books.google.com/books?id=9ewfAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA17539. 
  42. ↑ Pub.L. 114–328
  43. ↑ Woodward, Bob (2006). State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III. Simon and Schuster. pp. 22, 40. ISBN 978-0-7432-7223-0. https://archive.org/details/stateofdenial00wood. "scott fry joint staff." 
  44. ↑ "On Raising the Rank of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau". Library of Congress. February 2007. https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/CNGR_Raising-Rank-Chief-NGB.pdf. 
  45. ↑ 10 U.S.C. § 601 – Positions of importance and responsibility: generals and lieutenant generals; admirals and vice admirals.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 10 U.S.C. § 525 - Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades.
  47. ↑ 10 U.S.C. § 526 - Authorized strength: general and flag officers on active duty.
  48. ↑ "PN1914 — Maj. Gen. Dimitri Henry — Marine Corps, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". April 4, 2022. https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/1914?s=1&r=22. 
  49. ↑ "General Officer Announcements" (in en-US). April 6, 2022. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2991705/general-officer-announcements/. 
  50. ↑ "DNI Welcomes New Senior Military Adviser". August 17, 2020. https://www.odni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/press-releases-2020/item/2143-dni-welcomes-new-senior-military-adviser. 
  51. ↑ "PN762 — Maj. Gen. Ryan F. Gonsalves — Army, 115th Congress (2017-2018)". July 13, 2017. https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/762. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Myers, Meghann (January 6, 2018). "Army 2-star loses promotion after calling congressional staffer 'sweetheart'". https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2018/01/06/army-2-star-loses-promotion-after-calling-congressional-staffer-sweetheart/. 
  53. ↑ Bryant, Kevin (January 10, 2018). "Army general now 'special assistant' after 'sweetheart' comment to female staffer". https://kdhnews.com/military/army-general-now-special-assistant-after-sweetheart-comment-to-female-staffer/article_a300d970-f65a-11e7-b19d-bf6689125789.html. 
  54. ↑ Vandiver, John (May 3, 2018). "General retires 6 months after IG chastised his behavior toward congressional staffer". https://www.stripes.com/general-retires-6-months-after-ig-chastised-his-behavior-toward-congressional-staffer-1.525211. 
  55. ↑ "PN1329 — Maj. Gen. John G. Rossi — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". April 14, 2016. https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/1329. 
  56. ↑ "Rossi confirmed for appointment to SMDC". Redstone Arsenal, Alabama: USASMDC/ARSTRAT Public Affairs. May 3, 2016. https://www.army.mil/article/167241/rossi_confirmed_for_appointment_to_smdc. 
  57. ↑ "Army: Two-star general committed suicide on Alabama military base". Washington, D. C.: Associated Press. October 28, 2016. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/army-two-star-general-committed-suicide-alabama-military-base/. 
  58. ↑ "PN1823 — Maj. Gen. James H. Dickinson — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". November 15, 2016. https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/1823. 

Notes[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dates of rank are taken, where available, from the U.S. Navy register of active and retired commissioned officers, or from the monthly U.S. Navy flag officer roster. The date listed is that of the officer's first promotion to vice admiral. If such a date that qualifies for the above cannot be found, the next date substituted should be that of the officer's assumption of his/her first three-star appointment. Failing which, the officer's first Senate confirmation date to vice admiral should be substituted.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Positions listed are those held by the officer when promoted to vice admiral. Dates listed are for the officer's full tenure, which may predate promotion to three-star rank or postdate retirement from active duty. Positions held in an acting capacity are italicized.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Date of rank" column from the last year in the "Position" column. Time spent between active-duty three-star assignments is not counted.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 The year commissioned is taken to be the year the officer graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy, or equivalent. Sources of commission are listed in parentheses after the year of commission and include: the United States Naval Academy (USNA); Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) at a civilian university; NROTC at a senior military college such as the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), Norwich University (Norwich), (PMC), or Widener University (Widener); Officer Candidate School (OCS); Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS); warrant; the Massachusetts Maritime Academy (MMA); United States Military Academy (USMA); and the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The number of years in commission before being promoted to three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Commission" column from the year in the "Date of rank" column.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the Medal of Honor, Congressional Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, or honors of similar significance; major government appointments; university presidencies or equivalents; familial relationships with significant military officers or significant government officials such as U.S. Presidents, cabinet secretaries, U.S. Senators, or state governors; and unusual career events such as premature relief or death in office.
  7. ↑ Commissioned via the Navy Nuclear Propulsion Officer Candidate (NUPOC) Program.
  8. ↑ Confirmed by Senate as vice admiral for temporary service while serving as Commander, Western Sea Frontier, 18 Jan 1944; while serving as Commander, Hawaiian Sea Frontier, 27 Nov 1944; and until detachment from duty as member of the Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission, 28 Jul 1945. Reverted to rear admiral, 31 Jan 1946; retired as vice admiral and advanced to tombstone admiral, 1 Apr 1947.
  9. ↑ Confirmed as vice admiral for temporary service while serving as Commander, Caribbean Sea Frontier, 22 Mar 1944; and until detachment from duty as Commander, Service Force, Atlantic Fleet, 24 Jul 1945. Reverted to rear admiral, 3 Dec 1945; reprimanded for misconduct while Commander, Caribbean Sea Frontier, preventing retirement in highest wartime grade; retired as rear admiral and advanced to tombstone vice admiral, 1 Sep 1946.
  10. ↑ only fleets subordinated to U.S. Fleet Forces Command, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command and the U.S. Pacific Fleet.
  11. ↑ Per the 2017 NDAA, the JAG's statutory three-star rank was repealed, however it remains a vice admiral's billet.[42]
  12. ↑ 10 U.S.C. § 601 refers to positions held by four-star and three-star officers as "positions of importance and responsibility".

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