List of South African military chiefs

This article lists the South African military chiefs. From 1958 until the first post-apartheid general election in 1994, the present-day South African National Defence Force was known as the South African Defence Force. From 1912 to 1958, the military was known as the Union Defence Force.

In terms of section 202(1) of the Constitution of South Africa, the military command of the Defence Force consists of^[1] the Chief of the Defence Force plus the Chiefs of the combat arms (Army, Air Force and Navy) as well as

the Surgeon-General of the South African Military Health Service;
the Chief of Joint Operations of the Defence Force;
the Chief of Defence Intelligence;
the Chief of Human Resources; and
the Chief of Logistics.

Head of the Defence Force[]

The Defence Force consists of the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Medical Service (which was renamed Military Health Service in 1998). The Chief of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is the senior military commander and the chiefs of the four services, in addition to the chiefs of Joint Operations, Defence Intelligence, and Corporate Staff, report to him.^[2] As of September 2018^[update] the Chief of the SANDF is General Solly Shoke OMBG SBS MMS OMS.

Chief of the UDF[]

The Union Defence Force (UDF) consisted initially of land forces. An aviation corps was formed in 1915 and replaced by the South African Air Force in 1920. A naval branch was added in 1922, and the South African Division of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve was incorporated into it in 1942.

In 1951, the defence forces were reorganised into three distinct combat services: the South African Army, the South African Air Force, and the South African Navy. The organisation was renamed "South African Defence Force" in 1958.

The UDF had no overall commander for the first nine and a half years. From January 1922, the Chief of the General Staff, previously responsible only for the Defence Headquarters staff, was the executive commander of the UDF. The title was changed to 'Commandant General UDF' in September 1956.

№		Chief of the UDF	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Defence branch	Ref
1	Andries Brink CBE DTD DSO	Brink, AndriesMajor general Andries Brink CBE DTD DSO (1877–1947)	1 October 1922	1 May 1933	10 years, 212 days	South Africa Army	—
2		Ryneveld, PierreGeneral Sir Pierre van Ryneveld KBE CB DSO MC (1891–1972)	2 May 1933	1 May 1949	15 years, 364 days	South African Air Force	^[3]
3		Beyers, LeonardLieutenant general Leonard Beyers (1894–1959)	2 May 1949	15 March 1950	317 days	South Africa Army	—
4		Toit, ChristiaanLieutenant general Christiaan du Toit DSO (1901–1982)	16 March 1950	22 September 1956	6 years, 190 days	South Africa Army	—
5		Klopper, HendrikGeneral Hendrik Klopper DSO (1903–1977)	23 September 1956	24 September 1958	2 years, 1 day	South Africa Army	—
6		Melville, StephenGeneral Stephen Melville SSA OBE (1904–1977)	25 September 1958	31 October 1958	36 days	South African Air Force	—

Chief of the SADF[]

The UDF was renamed 'South African Defence Force' in November 1958.^[4] The Commandant General's title was then changed to 'Commandant General SADF'. It was changed to 'Chief of the SADF' in July 1973, after Admiral Hugo Biermann assumed the post the year before. After South Africa's first democratic election, the South African Defence Force (SADF) became the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

№		Chief of the SADF	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Defence branch	Ref
1		Melville, StephenGeneral Stephen Melville SSA OBE (1904–1977)	1 November 1958	31 December 1960	2 years, 60 days	South African Air Force	—
2		Grobbelaar, PieterGeneral Pieter Grobbelaar SSA DSO (1908–1988)	1 January 1961	31 December 1965	4 years, 364 days	South Africa Army	—
3		Hiemstra, RudolphGeneral Rudolph Hiemstra SSA SM (1912–2007)	1 January 1966	31 March 1972	6 years, 90 days	South African Air Force	—
4		Biermann, HugoAdmiral Hugo Biermann SSA SD OBE GCIH (1916–2012)	1 April 1972	31 August 1976	4 years, 152 days	South African Navy	—
5		Malan, MagnusGeneral Magnus Malan SSA OMSG SD SM (1930–2011)	1 September 1976	6 October 1980	4 years, 35 days	South Africa Army	—
6	Constand Viljoen SSA SD SM MMM ORB	Viljoen, ConstandGeneral Constand Viljoen SSA SD SM MMM ORB (born 1933)	7 October 1980	30 October 1985	5 years, 23 days	South Africa Army	^[5]
7		Geldenhuys, JohannesGeneral Johannes Geldenhuys SSAS SD SM GCIH ORB (1935–2018)	1 November 1985	31 October 1990	4 years, 364 days	South Africa Army	—
8		Liebenberg, AndreasGeneral Andreas Liebenberg SSAS SD SM MMM (1938–1998)	1 November 1990	31 October 1993	2 years, 364 days	South Africa Army	—
9		Meiring, GeorgGeneral Georg Meiring SSAS SD SM MMM ORB (born 1939)	1 November 1993	30 April 1994	180 days	South Africa Army	—

Chief of the SANDF[]

Main article: Chief of the South African National Defence Force

The SADF amalgamated with the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the homeland defence forces to form the South African National Defence Force in 1994. The SANDF was based on the existing SADF structure of Army, Air Force, Navy, and Medical Service (which was renamed Military Health Service in 1998).

№	Chief of the SANDF	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Defence branch	Ref
1	Meiring, GeorgGeneral Georg Meiring SSAS SD SM MMM ORB (born 1939)	27 April 1994	31 May 1998	4 years, 34 days	South Africa Army	—
2	Nyanda, SiphiweGeneral Siphiwe Nyanda SSA SBS CLS DMG MMS MMM (born 1950)	1 June 1998	31 May 2005	6 years, 364 days	South Africa Army	—
3	Ngwenya, GodfreyGeneral Godfrey Ngwenya SBG DMG MMS LOM (born 1950)	1 June 2005	1 May 2011	5 years, 334 days	South Africa Army	—
4	Shoke, SollyGeneral Solly Shoke OMBG SBS MMS OMS (born 1956)	2 May 2011	Incumbent	13 years, 165 days	South Africa Army	^[6]

Chief of the Army[]

The Chief of the South African Army is the professional head of the Army. There was no separate army commander until 1948. The post was called 'Director-General of Land Forces'^[7] 1948–51 and 'Army Chief of Staff' 1951–66, and has been 'Chief of the Army' since 1966.

№		Chief of the Army	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Ref
1		du Toit, ChristianBrigadier Christiaan du Toit DSO (1901–1982)	10 November 1948	15 March 1950	1 year, 125 days	^[7]^[8]^:92
2		Klopper, HendrikBrigadier Hendrik Klopper DSO (1903–1977)	16 March 1950	30 April 1953	3 years, 45 days	^[8]^:94
3		Grobbelaar, PieterMajor general Pieter Grobbelaar SSA DSO (1908–1988)	1 May 1953	24 September 1958	5 years, 146 days	^[8]^:93
4		Bierman, NickMajor general Nick Bierman SSA SM CBE (1910–1977)	25 September 1958	31 October 1959	1 year, 36 days	^[8]^:89
5		Engelbrecht, SybrandMajor general Sybrand Engelbrecht SM (1913–1994)	1 November 1959	3 March 1963	3 years, 122 days	^[8]^:92
6		Jacobs, PetrusMajor general Petrus Jacobs SSA SM (1910–1967)	4 March 1963	31 December 1965	2 years, 302 days	^[8]^:93
7		Fraser, CharlesLieutenant general Charles 'Pop' Fraser SSA SM (1915–1994)	1 January 1966	30 November 1967	1 year, 333 days	^[8]^:92
8		Louw, WillemLieutenant general Willem Louw SSA SM (1920–1980)	1 December 1967	30 June 1973	5 years, 211 days	^[8]^:94
9		Malan, MagnusLieutenant general Magnus Malan SSA OMSG SD SM (1930–2011)	1 July 1973	31 August 1976	3 years, 61 days	^[8]^:95
10	Constand Viljoen SSA SD SM MMM ORB	Viljoen, ConstandLieutenant general Constand Viljoen SSA SD SM MMM ORB (born 1933)	1 September 1976	6 October 1980	4 years, 30 days	—
11		Geldenhuys, JohannesLieutenant general Johannes Geldenhuys SSA SD SM MMM GCIH ORB (1935–2018)	7 October 1980	30 October 1985	5 years, 23 days	^[8]^:92
12		Liebenberg, AndreasLieutenant general Andreas Liebenberg SSAS SD SM MMM (1938–1998)	1 November 1985	28 February 1990	4 years, 119 days	—
13		Meiring, GeorgLieutenant general Georg Meiring SSA SD SM MMM ORB (born 1939)	1 March 1990	31 October 1993	3 years, 244 days	—
14		Pretorius, HattinghLieutenant general Hattingh Pretorius SD SM MMM (1942–2008)	1 November 1993	31 December 1994	1 year, 60 days	—
15		Otto, ReginaldLieutenant general Reginald Otto SD & Bar SM MMM (born 1943)	1 January 1995	30 June 1998	3 years, 180 days	—
16	Gilbert Ramano SSAS SD MMS MMM MMB	Ramano, GilbertLieutenant general Gilbert Ramano SSAS SD MMS MMM MMB (born 1939)	1 July 1998	31 May 2004	5 years, 335 days	—
17		Shoke, SollyLieutenant general Solly Shoke OMBG SBS MMS OMS (born 1956)	1 June 2004	1 May 2011	6 years, 334 days	—
18		Masondo, VusumuziLieutenant general Vusumuzi Masondo MMM (born 1957)	1 October 2011	31 January 2016	4 years, 122 days	^[9]
19		Yam, LindileLieutenant general Lindile Yam (born 1960)	1 February 2016	Incumbent	8 years, 256 days	^[10]

Lieutenant general Werndly van der Riet spent some time acting as Head of the Army.^[8]^:98

Chief of the Air Force[]

The Chief of the South African Air Force is the professional head of the Air Force. The post was called 'Director of Air Services' 1920–33, 'Director of Air & Technical Services' 1937–39, 'Director-General of Air Services' 1939–41, 'Director-General of the Air Force' 1941–51, and 'Air Chief of Staff' 1951–66, and has been 'Chief of the Air Force' since 1966.

№	Chief of the Air Force	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Ref
1	van Ryneveld, PierreColonel Sir Pierre van Ryneveld KBE CB DSO MC (1891–1972)	1 February 1920	30 September 1937	17 years, 241 days	^[11]
2	Hoare, FrancisColonel Francis Hoare CB CBE (1879–1959)	1 October 1937	31 October 1937	30 days	—
3	Daniel, HectorLieutenant colonel Hector Daniel CBE MC AFC (1898–1953)	1 November 1937	12 September 1939	2 years, 41 days	—
4	Holthouse, JohnColonel John Holthouse OBE (1891–1964)	13 September 1939	30 September 1940	1 year, 17 days	—
5	Venter, ChristoffelMajor general Christoffel Venter CB DFC & bar (1892–1977)	1 October 1940	16 October 1945	5 years, 15 days	—
6	Willmott, HaroldBrigadier Harold Willmott CBE (1899–1993)	17 October 1945	10 September 1946	328 days	—
7	Durrant, JimmyBrigadier James 'Jimmy' Durrant CB DFC (1913–1990)	1 October 1946	30 June 1951	4 years, 272 days	—
(6)	Willmott, HaroldBrigadier Harold Willmott CBE (1899–1993)	1 July 1951	24 August 1954	3 years, 54 days	—
8	Melville, StephenBrigadier Stephen Melville SSA OBE (1904–1977)	25 August 1954	22 September 1956	2 years, 28 days	—
9	Viljoen, BarendMajor general Barend Viljoen SSA OBE (1908–1995)	23 September 1956	30 April 1965	8 years, 219 days	—
10	Martin, KalfieLieutenant general Henry 'Kalfie' Martin SM CBE DFC (1910–2000)	1 May 1965	30 November 1967	2 years, 213 days	—
11	Verster, JacobusLieutenant general Jacobus Verster SSA SM (1919–1981)	1 December 1967	28 February 1975	7 years, 89 days	—
12	Rogers, BobLieutenant general Robert 'Bob' Rogers SSA SM MMM DSO DFC & bar (1921–2000)	1 March 1975	30 November 1979	4 years, 274 days	—
13	Muller, MichalLieutenant general Michal Muller SSAS SD (born 1930)	1 December 1979	29 February 1984	4 years, 90 days	—
14	Earp, DenisLieutenant general Denis Earp SSA SD SM (born 1930)	1 March 1984	30 June 1988	4 years, 121 days	—
15	van Loggerenberg, JanLieutenant general Jan van Loggerenberg SSAS SD SM MMM ORB (born 1935)	1 July 1988	31 October 1991	3 years, 122 days	—
16	Kriel, JamesLieutenant general James Kriel SSAS SD SM MMM (1942–2016)	1 November 1991	30 April 1996	4 years, 181 days	—
17	Hechter, WillemLieutenant general Willem Hechter SSA SD SM MMM (born 1942)	1 May 1996	29 February 2000	3 years, 304 days	^[11]
18	Beukes, RoelfLieutenant general Roelf Beukes SD SM MMM	1 March 2000	28 February 2005	4 years, 364 days	—
19	Gagiano, CarloLieutenant general Carlo Gagiano SM MMM (born 1951)	1 March 2005	30 September 2012	7 years, 213 days	—
20	Msimang, FabianLieutenant general Fabian Msimang SM MMM (born 1960)	1 October 2012	Incumbent	12 years, 13 days	^[12]

Chief of the Navy[]

The Chief of the South African Navy is the professional head of the Navy. The post was called 'Officer Commanding South African Naval Service' 1922–32, 'Director, Seaward Defence Force' 1940–42, 'Director, South African Naval Forces' 1942–51, 'Naval & Marine Chief of Staff' 1951–55, and 'Naval Chief of Staff' 1955–66, and has been 'Chief of the Navy' since 1966.

№		Chief of the Navy	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Ref
1		Rankin, NormanCommander Norman Rankin	1 April 1922	3 June 1928	6 years, 63 days	—
2		Fitzgerald, RobertCommander Robert F.U.P. Fitzgerald	4 June 1928	4 November 1932	4 years, 153 days	—
Position of the Chief of the Navy did not exist from 1932–39^{[lower-alpha 1]}
3		Hallifax, GuyRear admiral Guy Hallifax CMG (1884–1941)	16 September 1939	28 March 1941 †	1 year, 193 days	—
4		Dalgleish, JamesCommodore James Dalgleish CBE (1891–1964)	28 March 1941	30 November 1946	5 years, 247 days	—
5		Dean, FrederickCommodore Frederick Dean OBE (1900–1983)	1 December 1946	30 June 1951	4 years, 211 days	—
6	Pieter de Waal CB CBE	de Waal, PieterBrigadier Pieter de Waal CB CBE (1899–1977)	1 July 1951	30 November 1952	1 year, 152 days	—
7		Biermann, HugoVice admiral Hugo Biermann SSA SD OBE GCIH (1916–2012)	1 December 1952	31 March 1972	19 years, 121 days	—
8		Johnson, JamesVice admiral James 'Flam' Johnson SSA SM DSC (1918–1990)	1 April 1972	30 September 1977	5 years, 182 days	—
9		Walters, Johan CharlVice admiral Johan Charl Walters SD SM MMM (1919–1993)	1 October 1977	30 January 1980	2 years, 121 days	—
10		Edwards, Ronald A.Vice admiral Ronald A. Edwards SSAS SM MMM (1923–2014)	1 February 1980	30 September 1982	2 years, 241 days	—
11		Putter, AndriesVice admiral Andries P 'Dries' Putter SSAS SD MMM (1935–2014)	1 October 1982	30 June 1985	2 years, 272 days	—
12	Glen Syndercombe SSA SD SM MMM	Syndercombe, GlenVice admiral Glen Syndercombe SSA SD SM MMM (1931–2005)	1 July 1985	31 March 1989	3 years, 273 days	—
(11)		Putter, AndriesVice admiral Andries P 'Dries' Putter SSAS SD MMM (1935–2014)	1 April 1989	30 June 1990	1 year, 90 days	—
13		Woodburne, LambertVice admiral Lambert J 'Woody' Woodburne DVR SD SM (1939–2013)	1 July 1990	31 August 1992	2 years, 61 days	—
14	Robert Simpson-Anderson SSAS SD SM MMM	Simpson-Anderson, RobertVice admiral Robert Simpson-Anderson SSAS SD SM MMM (born 1942)	1 September 1992	31 October 2000	8 years, 60 days	—
15	Johan Retief SD & Bar PG SM MMM	Retief, JohanVice admiral Johan Retief SD & Bar PG SM MMM (born 1946)	1 November 2000	28 February 2005	4 years, 119 days	—
16		Mudimu, Refiloe JohannesVice admiral Refiloe Johannes Mudimu CLS DMG SM MMS MMM MMB (born 1954)	1 March 2005	31 March 2014	9 years, 30 days	^[13]
17		Hlongwane, SamuelVice admiral Samuel Hlongwane MMS MMB (born 1962)	1 April 2014	Incumbent	10 years, 196 days	—

Surgeon General[]

The Surgeon General is the Chief of the South African Military Health Service (SAMHS), which was known as the South African Medical Service (SAMS) before 1994.

№	Surgeon General	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Ref
South African Medical Service
1	Raymond, EugeneMajor general Eugene Raymond SSA SM (born 1923)	1 February 1960	31 March 1969	9 years, 58 days	—
2	Cockcroft, ColinLieutenant general Colin Cockcroft SSA SM (1917–1987)	1 April 1969	31 October 1977	8 years, 213 days	—
3	Nieuwoudt, NicolaasLieutenant general Nicolaas Nieuwoudt SSA SD SM (1929–1989)	1 November 1977	29 February 1988	10 years, 120 days	—
4	Knobel, DanielLieutenant general Daniel Knobel SD SM MMM KStJ (born 1936)	1 March 1988	27 April 1994	6 years, 57 days	—
South African Military Health Service
1	Knobel, DanielLieutenant general Daniel Knobel SD SM MMM KStJ (born 1936)	27 April 1994	30 November 1997	3 years, 217 days	—
2	Masuku, DavidsonLieutenant general Davidson Masuku SSAS MMM KStJ (1940–2000)	1 December 1997	30 September 2000	2 years, 334 days	^[14]
3	Rensburg, Jurinus JanseLieutenant general Jurinus Janse van Rensburg SD SM MMM KStJ (born 1952)	1 October 2000	31 July 2005	4 years, 303 days	—
4	Ramlakan, VejaynandLieutenant general Vejaynand Ramlakan DMG MMS MMB KStJ (born 1957)	1 August 2005	31 March 2013	7 years, 242 days	—
5	Sedibe, AubreyLieutenant general Aubrey Sedibe DMG MMS MMB OStJ (born 1957)	1 April 2013	Incumbent	11 years, 196 days	—

Chief of Joint Operations[]

№	Chief of Joint Operations	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Defence branch	Ref
1	Ferreira, DeonLieutenant general Deon Ferreira PVD SD SM MMM (1946–2002)	1 August 1997	31 December 2000	3 years, 152 days	South Africa Army	—
2	Ngwenya, GodfreyLieutenant general Godfrey Ngwenya SBG DMG MMS LOM (born 1950)	1 January 2001	31 May 2005	4 years, 150 days	South Africa Army	—
3	Binda, SiphoLieutenant general Sipho Binda MMS (1952–2006)	1 June 2005	10 November 2006 †	1 year, 162 days	South Africa Army	^[15]
4	Matanzima, ThembaLieutenant general Themba Matanzima CCM SM MMM (born 1953)	1 September 2007	30 September 2011	4 years, 29 days	South Africa Army	—
5	Mgwebi, DerrickLieutenant general Derrick Mgwebi (born 1956)	1 October 2011	31 January 2016	4 years, 122 days	South Africa Army	^[9]
6	Mdutyana, DumaLieutenant general Duma Mdutyana MMB (1960–2016)	1 February 2016	6 July 2016 †	156 days	South Africa Army	^[16]
7	Hlatshwayo, BarneyLieutenant general Barney Hlatshwayo (born 1958)	1 January 2017	Incumbent	7 years, 287 days	South Africa Army	—

Chief of Corporate Staff[]

The Chief of Corporate Staff is responsible for the provision of all staff services for the SANDF.^[17]

№	Chief of Corporate Staff	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Defence branch	Ref
1	Trainor, MartynVice admiral Martyn Trainor SD SM MMM (born 1944)	1 October 2000	31 January 2004	3 years, 122 days	South African Navy	—
2	Matanzima, ThembaLieutenant general Themba Matanzima CCM SM MMM (born 1953)	1 February 2004	31 July 2005	1 year, 180 days	South Africa Army	—
3	Rensburg, Jurinus JanseLieutenant general Jurinus Janse van Rensburg SD SM MMM KStJ (born 1952)	1 August 2005	30 April 2010	4 years, 272 days	South African Military Health Service	—
—	Dlulane, LouisMajor general Louis Dlulane (Acting) (born 1952)	1 May 2010	30 March 2013	2 years, 333 days	South Africa Army	^[18]
4	Ramlakan, VejaynandLieutenant general Vejaynand Ramlakan DMG MMS MMB KStJ (born 1957)	1 April 2013	31 May 2015	2 years, 60 days	South African Military Health Service	^[18]
5	Masondo, VusumuziLieutenant general Vusumuzi Masondo MMM (born 1957)	1 February 2016	Incumbent	8 years, 256 days	South Africa Army	^[18]

Notes[]

↑ During this period, the Navy disposed of its ships and reduced personnel to a few administrative staff due to the Great Depression.

References[]

↑ "Chapter 1 : Introductory Provisions 4A. Military Command of Defence Force". Defence Act (Act No. 42 of 2002). Parliament of South Africa. 2002.
↑ Defence Act (Act No. 42 of 2002). Parliament of South Africa. 2002.
↑ Ellis, Johan (2000). "Oswald Pirow's Five-Year Plan for the Reorganisation of the Union Defence Force, 1933–1938". http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/175/221.
↑ http://www.dod.mil.za/documents/acts/defence%20act44of1957.pdf
↑ Hamann, Hilton (2001). "Introduction". Days of the Generals. Cape Town: Zebra Press (Struck Publishers). ISBN 1-86872-340-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=mYgWcHq8lE8C.
↑ "Chief of the SANDF, General S. Shoke". Department of Defence. http://www.dod.mil.za/csandf/chief.htm. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Lillie, Ashley C. (2012). "The Origin and Development of the South African Army". Digital object identifier:10.5787/12-2-618. ISSN 2224-0020.
↑ ^8.00 ^8.01 ^8.02 ^8.03 ^8.04 ^8.05 ^8.06 ^8.07 ^8.08 ^8.09 ^8.10 Nöthling, C.J.; Meyers, E.M. (1982). "LEIERS DEUR DIE JARE (1912-1982)" (in Afrikaans). pp. 89–98. Digital object identifier:10.5787/12-2-631. ISSN 2224-0020.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 "SANDF support to Springbok". http://www.dod.mil.za/news/news%202011/September2011/springbok.htm.
↑ "Yam takes over from Masondo as Army Chief". DefenceWeb. 19 January 2016. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=42023:yam-takes-over-from-masondo-as-army-chief&catid=111:sa-defence&Itemid=242. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 "Fact file: Chiefs of the SA Air Force". DefenceWeb.co.za. 21 January 2010. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=724:fact-file-chiefs-of-the-sa-air-force&catid=35:Aerospace&Itemid=107. Retrieved July 24, 2014.
↑ "Lt General Msimang Takes Over Command Of SAAF". http://www.af.mil.za/news/2012/046_2012.html.
↑ Helfrich, Kim (23 January 2014). "Hlongwane named new Navy Chief". Defenceweb. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33322:hlongwane-named-new-navy-chief&catid=55:SANDF&Itemid=108. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
↑ Leon Engelbrecht (26 November 2008). "Fact file: Surgeons General". defenceweb.co.za. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=776&catid=47:Logistics&Itemid=110.
↑ "Binda had a long and distinguished military career". Sowetan. November 24, 2006. http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2006/11/24/binda-had-a-long-and-distinguished-military-career. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
↑ "Head of SANDF joint operations, Duma Mdutyana dies". ENCA. July 6, 2016. https://www.enca.com/south-africa/head-of-sandf-joint-operations-duma-mdutyana-dies. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
↑ "Defence Amendment Bill 2002". https://www.parliament.gov.za/storage/app/media/Docs/bill/387426_1.pdf. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 "New Chief of Corporate Staff Services for SANDF". DefenceWeb. 22 March 2013. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29920:new-chief-of-corporate-staff-services-for-sandf&catid=111:sa-defence&Itemid=242. Retrieved 23 December 2014.

{{Wikipedia|List of South African military chiefs

[13] During this period, the Navy disposed of its ships and reduced personnel to a few administrative staff due to the Great Depression.

[1] "Chapter 1 : Introductory Provisions 4A. Military Command of Defence Force". Defence Act (Act No. 42 of 2002). Parliament of South Africa. 2002.

[2] Defence Act (Act No. 42 of 2002). Parliament of South Africa. 2002.

[Ellis-3] Ellis, Johan (2000). "Oswald Pirow's Five-Year Plan for the Reorganisation of the Union Defence Force, 1933–1938". http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/175/221.

[4] ttp://www.dod.mil.za/documents/acts/defence%20act44of1957.pdf

[DaysGen-5] Hamann, Hilton (2001). "Introduction". Days of the Generals. Cape Town: Zebra Press (Struck Publishers). ISBN 1-86872-340-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=mYgWcHq8lE8C.

[DOD-6] "Chief of the SANDF, General S. Shoke". Department of Defence. http://www.dod.mil.za/csandf/chief.htm. Retrieved January 16, 2018.

[Lillie-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Lillie, Ashley C. (2012). "The Origin and Development of the South African Army". Digital object identifier:10.5787/12-2-618. ISSN 2224-0020.

[Leiers-8] 8.00 ^8.01 ^8.02 ^8.03 ^8.04 ^8.05 ^8.06 ^8.07 ^8.08 ^8.09 ^8.10 Nöthling, C.J.; Meyers, E.M. (1982). "LEIERS DEUR DIE JARE (1912-1982)" (in Afrikaans). pp. 89–98. Digital object identifier:10.5787/12-2-631. ISSN 2224-0020.

[dod.mil.za-9] 9.0 ^9.1 "SANDF support to Springbok". http://www.dod.mil.za/news/news%202011/September2011/springbok.htm.

[MasondoNewCCS-10] "Yam takes over from Masondo as Army Chief". DefenceWeb. 19 January 2016. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=42023:yam-takes-over-from-masondo-as-army-chief&catid=111:sa-defence&Itemid=242. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

[FactFile-11] 11.0 ^11.1 "Fact file: Chiefs of the SA Air Force". DefenceWeb.co.za. 21 January 2010. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=724:fact-file-chiefs-of-the-sa-air-force&catid=35:Aerospace&Itemid=107. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

[12] "Lt General Msimang Takes Over Command Of SAAF". http://www.af.mil.za/news/2012/046_2012.html.

[DefenceWeb220114-14] Helfrich, Kim (23 January 2014). "Hlongwane named new Navy Chief". Defenceweb. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33322:hlongwane-named-new-navy-chief&catid=55:SANDF&Itemid=108. Retrieved January 23, 2014.

[15] Leon Engelbrecht (26 November 2008). "Fact file: Surgeons General". defenceweb.co.za. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=776&catid=47:Logistics&Itemid=110.

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