Military of the Ottoman Empire |
---|
Armed forces |
Conflicts |
See also |
Main article: Kapudan Pasha
The Kapudan Pasha (Ottoman Turkish language: کاپیتان پاشا, Modern Turkish: Kaptan Paşa), literally and formerly known as the Captain Pasha and also known in Turkish as Kaptan-ı Derya ("Captain of the Seas"), was the grand admiral of the navy of the Ottoman Empire. Around 160 captains served between the establishment of the post under Bayezid I and the office's replacement by the more modern Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Nazırlığı) during the Tanzimat reforms.
Name | Appointed | Vacated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Kara Mürsel Bey | 1324 | [1] | |
Saruca Pasha | 1390 | Turk?[1][2][3] | |
Çavlı Bey | 1412 | Turk?[1][2] | |
Baltaoğlu Süleyman Bey | 1451 | 1453 | Bulgarian?[1][2][4] |
Hamza Bey | 1453 | 1456 | Albanian[1][2] |
Has Yunus Bey | 1456 | 1459 | [1][2][4] |
Kasım Bey | 1459 | 1460 | [1][2] |
Kadim İsmail Bey | 1461 | 1462 | Devşirme?[1][2] |
Yakup Bey | 1462 | 1463 | Albanian[1][2] |
Zagan Pasha | 1463 | 1466 | Greek or Serb;[5] previously grand vizier[1][2] |
Veli Mahmud Pasha | 1466 | 1478 | Serb[6]>Devşirme; later grand vizier[1][2][7] |
Gedik Ahmed Pasha | 1478 | 1480 | Albanian or Serb[8]>Devşirme; invaded Mediterranean and seized Santa Maura, Kefalonia, and Zante; later grand vizier[1][2] |
Mesih Pasha | 1480 | 1491 | Greek, converted member of the Palaiologoi; later grand vizier[1][2] |
Güveği Sinan Pasha | 1491 | 1492 | Devşirme?[1][2] |
Kara Nişancı Davud | 1492 | 1503 | Devşirme?[1][2] |
Küçük Davud Pasha | 1503 | 1506 | [1][2] |
Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha | 1506 | 1511 | Slav; later grand vizier[1][2] |
İskender Ağa Pasha | 1511 | 1514 | Devşirme?[1][2] |
Sinan Bey | 1514 | 1516 | Devşirme?[1][2] |
Cafer Ağa Pasha | 1516 | 1520 | Devşirme?[1][2] |
Parlak Mustafa Pasha | 1520 | 1522 | Bosniak[1][2] |
Bayram Pasha | 1522 | [1][2] | |
Kurdoğlu Muslihiddin Reis | [citation needed] | ||
Süleyman Pasha | 1531 | [1][2] | |
Kemankeş Ahmed Bey | 1531 | 1533 | Devşirme?[1][2] |
Hayreddin Barbarossa | 1533 | 1546 | Turk;[2][9][10] position of Kapudan Pasha raised to beylerbey, granted Eyalets of the Islands of the Mediterranean and Ottoman Algeria[1] |
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha | 1546 | 1550 | Bosnian>Devşirme; invaded Libya; later grand vizier[1][2] |
Sinan Pasha | 1550 | 1554 | Croat; supported Turgut Reis's western raids; later grand vizier[1][2] |
Piyale Pasha | 1554 | 1568 | Croat;[11][12][13] captured Corsica with the French in 1554, defeated Spanish at Piombino in 1555, raided Calabria, Salerno, Tuscany, Spain, and seized the Balearics in 1558, won crushing Battle of Djerba in 1560; captured Naples in 1563[1][2] |
Müezzinzade Ali Pasha | 1568 | 7 October 1571 | Effected conquest of Cyprus from Venice, but killed at Lepanto[2] |
Kılıç Ali Paşa | 1571 | 21 June 1587 | Italian, born Giovanni Dionigi Galeni, known after conversion as Uluç and Uluç Ali Reis;[2] rebuilt Turkish fleet, recaptured Tunis from Don Juan and ended War of Cyprus, raided Calabria and put down numerous revolts |
Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha | 1591 | 1595 | Italian, born Scipione Cicala; first term; later grand vizier[2] |
Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha | 1599 | 1604 | second term; previously grand vizier[2] |
Derviş Pasha | 1604 | Bosniak[2] | |
Güzelce Ali Pasha | 1617 | ? | |
Cataldjali Hasan Pasha | 1625 | 1631 | [2] |
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha | 1632 | 1635 | Turk; later grand vizier[2][14] |
Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha | 17 October 1635 | 24 December 1638 | Albanian, later grand vizier[1][2] |
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha | 1639 | 1641 | Turk[2] |
Yusuf Pasha | 164X | 164X | Dalmatian Slav; executed by Sultan |
Koca Musa Pasha | 1645 | 1647 | Bosniak;[2] died at Kandiye during Cretan War before he could receive his promotion to grand vizier |
Kara Musa Pasha | 1647 | 21 September 1647 | |
Kılavuz Köse Ali Pasha | 1647 | 1648 | [citation needed] |
Koca Dervish Mehmed Pasha | 1652 | 1653 | Circassian; later grand vizier[1][2] |
Kara Murad Pasha | 1653 | 11 May 1655 | Albanian;[2][15] effected the breakout First Battle of the Dardanelles during the Cretan War; prior and later grand vizier |
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha | 1666 | 1670 | Turk; later grand vizier[1][2] |
Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha | 1695 | 1701 | Turk[2][16] or Aragonese;[17] commanded at Andros in 1696 during the Morean War, attempted moderate reforms and published the Kannunname |
Baltacı Mehmet Pasha | 1704 | 1704 | Turk; later grand vizier[2] |
Veli Mehmed Pasha | 1706 | 1707 | Turk |
Moralı Ibrahim Pasha | November 1707 | 1709 | |
Küçük Ali Pasazade Mehmed Pasha | 1709 | 1711 | Turk |
Canım Hoca Mehmed Pasha | December 1714 | February 1717 | Turk from Koroni, former galley slave in the Venetian fleet. Led the Ottoman navy in the Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18).[18] |
Kaymak Mustafa Pasha | 1721 | 1730 | Bosniak[2][19] |
Canum Koca Mehmed Pasha | 1730 | 1730 | Second tenure, lasted for only a few days.[18] |
Hacı Hüseyin Pasha | 1732 | 1732 | [2][20] |
Koca Bekir Pasha | 1732 | 1732 | Turk; first term[2][21] |
Canum Koca Mehmed Pasha | 1732 | 1736 | Third term.[18] |
Hacı Mehmed Pasha | c. 1735. Turk?[2] | ||
Hatibzade Yahya Pasha | 1743 | 1743 | |
Râtip Ahmed Pasha | 1743 | 1744 | Turk[1][2] |
Koca Bekir Pasha | 1750 | 1753 | Turk; second term[2] |
Macar Hacı Hasan Pasha | February 1761 | December 1761 | [22] |
Ahıskalı Mehmed Pasha | December 1761 | August 1762 | [23] |
Eğribozlu İbrahim Pasha | 1769 | Turk?[2][24] | |
Mandalzade Hüsameddin Pasha | 1770 | 1770 | Removed following the disastrous naval defeat at Chesma during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774[2] |
Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha | 1770 | 1789[2] or 1790[1] | Georgian;[25] Dislodged Russians from Aegean, commanded forces during the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1768–1774 and 1787–1792; later grand vizier |
Koca Yusuf Pasha | 19 December 1789 | Georgian; former grand vizier[2] | |
tr | 1789 | 1792 | [26] |
Küçük Hüseyin Pasha | 11 March 1792 | 7 December 1803 | Georgian; commanded the Turkish invasion fleet of French-occupied Egypt[2][27][28] |
Mehmed Kadri Pasha | 1803 | 1804 | [2] |
Hafız İsmail Pasha | 1804 | 1805 | [2] later grand vizier |
Hacı Salih Pasha | 1805 | 1805 | Turk;[2] later grand vizier |
Hacı Mehmed Pasha II | 21 November 1806 | 1808 | Turk[2][29] |
Seydi Ali Pasha | 1807[1] or 1808[2] | 1808 | Georgian |
Abdullah Ramiz Efendi | 1808 | 1808 | Crimean Tatar[2] |
Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha | 1811 | 1818 | Abazin; later grand vizier[2][30] |
Deli Abdullah Pasha | 1821 | Turk[2] later grand vizier | |
Nasuhzade Ali Pasha | 1821 | 7 June 1822 | Albanian;[2] also known as Kara-Ali Pasha; commanded Turkish fleet during the Greek War of Independence: directed Massacre of Samothrace, killed by fireship directed by Constantine Kanaris following Massacre of Chios;[31] ancestor of Turkish author Nasuh Mahruki |
Kara Mehmet | 1822 | ||
Husrev Pasha | December 1822 | 1826 | |
Aghan Ephrikian Pasha | 1828 | Governor | |
Çengeloğlu Tahir Mehmed Pasha | November 1832 | 1836 | Turk[2] |
Ahmed Fevzi Pasha | 10 November 1836 | 1839 | Greek, defected to Egypt[2] |
Topal İzzet Pasha | 1840 | Reformer[citation needed] | |
unknown | Lost administrative control of the Eyalet of the Islands c. 1848[1] | ||
Mahmud Pasha | 1853 | ||
unknown | 13 March 1867 | Office abolished[32] |
See also[]
- List of Fleet Commanders of the Ottoman Navy, for the Kapudan Pasha's replacements after 1877
- List of Ottoman admirals, for Turkish commanders beneath the rank of the Kapudan Pashas
Sources[]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 Gordon, Bruce R. Regnal Chronologies. "The Aegean Islands: The Aegean Sea: Cezair Bahr-i-Sefid and the Kaptan-ý Derya (Kapudan Pasha – Lord Admiral)". Accessed 12 Sept 2011.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, pp. 172 ff. Türkiye Yayınevi (Istanbul), 1971. (Turkish)
- ↑ "Osmanlı Dönemi Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri". http://www.dzkk.tsk.mil.tr/turkce/Tarihce/OsmanliKaptanPasalar.asp. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)[dead link]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Tascilar, Muhammet. "İstanbul'un Fethi". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/savaslar/fetih.htm. Retrieved 2007-2-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ Ellis Goldberg, Reşat Kasaba, Joel S. Migdal, "Rules and rights in the Middle East" (1993), p. 153
- ↑ Stavrides, Théoharis (2001). The Sultan of vezirs: the life and times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic (1453–1474). Brill. p. 73. ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5.
- ↑ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Mahmud Paşa (Velî)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa1/mahmudpasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ Stavrides, Théoharis (August 2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angeloviu (1453–1474) (Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage Series, Volume 24). Brill Academic Publishers, Inc.. p. 65. ISBN 90-04-12106-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=ptXG0uA70lAC&pg=PA65.
- ↑ Kiel, Machiel. "The Smaller Aegean Islands in the 16th–18th Centuries According to Ottoman Administrative Documents". Op. cit. Davies, Siriol & Davis, Jack L. Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece, p. 36. ASCSA, 2007. ISBN 978-0-87661-540-9.
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, 14th Edition, Revised, p. 147. "Barbarossa." Encyclopædia Britannica Co., Ltd., 1963.
- ↑ Freely, John. The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara.
- ↑ Cardini, Franco. Europe and Islam.
- ↑ Shaw, S.J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey.
- ↑ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Hüseyin Paşa (Gazi, Deli)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa/huseyinpasadeli.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Murad Paşa (Kara)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa1/muradpasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Mezomorto Hüseyin Paşa". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa1/mezomorto.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ Panzac, Daniel. La Marine ottomane. De l’apogée à la chute de l’Empire (1572–1923). (French)
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1991). Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia, Mass.: The American Philosophical Society. p. 428. ISBN 0-87169-192-2. ISSN 0065-9738.
- ↑ "Kaymak Mustafa Paşa". http://www.babakale.com/sayfalar/kaptanpasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)[dead link]
- ↑ "Kaptan Hacı Hüseyin Paşa Çeşmesi". Çeþmelerden Örnekler. http://www.cesmeler.gen.tr/cn25.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Bekir Paşa (Koca)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa/bekirpasakoca.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ Mehmet Süreyya (1996). "Sicill-i Osmanî". In Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (in Turkish). Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı. p. 642. http://books.google.com/books?id=btElAQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ Mehmet Süreyya (1996). "Sicill-i Osmanî". In Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (in Turkish). Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı. p. 1034. http://books.google.com/books?id=btElAQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ Gülen, Nejat. "Şanlı Bahriye:Kuruluş". Şanli Bahrıye. http://www.1001kitap.com/Tarih/Nejat_Gulen/sanli_bahriye/bahriye01kurulus.html#1. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ King, Charles (2004), The Black Sea: a History, p.159. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-924161-9.
- ↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 294. http://books.google.com/books?id=Nw9hcgAACAAJ.
- ↑ Inalcık, Halil. Trans. by Gibb, H.A.R. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., Vol. V, Fascicules 79–80, pp. 35 f. "Khosrew Pasha". E.J. Brill (Leiden), 1979. Accessed 13 Sept 2011.
- ↑ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Hüseyin Paşa (Küçük)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa/huseyinpasakucuk.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)
- ↑ "Hacı Mehmet Paşa Yalısı (Direkli Yalıkaptan Paşa Yalısı)". http://www.uskudar-bld.gov.tr/portal/rehber/t1.jspPageName=rehberAyrinti&ID=792. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)[dead link]
- ↑ "Şanlı Bahriye: II. Mahmut Dönemi (1808–1839)". http://www.1001kitap.com/Tarih/Nejat_Gulen/sanli_bahriye/bahriye03ikinci_mahmut.html. Retrieved 2007-02-21. (Turkish)[dead link]
- ↑ Woodhouse. The Story of Modern Greece. Faber and Faber, 1968.
|
The original article can be found at List of Kapudan Pashas and the edit history here.