Italian concentration camps include camps from the Italian colonial wars in Africa as well as camps for the civilian population from areas occupied by Italy during World War II. Memory of both camps were subjected to "historical amnesia". The repression of memory led to historical revisionism in Italy[1] and in 2003 the Italian media published Silvio Berlusconi's statement that Benito Mussolini only "used to send people on vacation".[2][3]
Colonial wars[]
See also: Italian concentration camps in Libya
Name of the camp | Location of camp | Present-day country | Date of establishment | Date of disestablishment | Estimated number of prisoners | Estimated number of deaths |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nocra | Nocra | Eritrea | 1930s | 1941 | ||
Abyar | Abyar | Libya | 1930 | 1933 | 3,123[4] | |
Agedabia | Ajdabiya | Libya | 1930 | 1933 | 10,000[4] | |
El Agheila | El Agheila | Libya | 1930 | 1933 | 10,900[4] | |
Marsa Brega | Brega | Libya | 1930 | 1933 | 21,117[4] | |
Sid Ahmed el Maghrun | El Magrun | Libya | 1930 | 1933 | 13,050[4] | |
Soluch | Suluq | Libya | 1930 | 1933 | 20,123[4] | |
Danane | Mogadishu | Somalia | 1935 | 1941 | 6,000[4] | 3,175[5] |
World War II[]
Name of the camp | Location of locality | Present-day country | Date of establishment | Date of disestablishment | Estimated number of prisoners | Estimated number of deaths |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bakar | Bakar | Croatia | 31 December 1942 | 1 July 1943 | 893[6] | |
Bolzano | South Tyrol | September 8, 1943 | April 29 and May 3, 1945 | 11,000 | ||
Campagna | Salerno | 15 June 1940 | 19 September 1943 | |||
Chiesanuova | Padua | June 1942 | ||||
Ferramonti di Tarsia | Cosenza | summer 1940 | 4 September 1943 | 3,800 | ||
Giado | Jadu, Libya | Libya | January 1942 | 24 January 1943 | 3,146[7] | 562 |
Gonars | Palmanova | March 1942 | 8 September 1943 | 7,000 | 453; >500 | |
Mamula | Mamula island | Montenegro | 30 May 1942 | 14 September 1943 | 2,322 | 130 |
Monigo | Treviso | June 1942 | ||||
Rab, separate camps for Slovenes/Croats and Jews | Rab (Arbe) island | Croatia | July 1942 | 11 September 1943 | 10,000; 15,000 | 2,000; >3,500; 4,000 |
Renicci di Anghiari | Arezzo | October 1942 | ||||
Risiera di San Sabba[8] | Trieste | October 1943 | April 1945 | > 11,500 | 4,000–5,000[9] | |
Visco | Palmanova | winter 1942 | ||||
Zlarin | Zlarin | Croatia | March 1943 | June 1943 | 2.500 | 26 |
Campo di Fossoli | Carpi | May 1942 | March 1944 |
References[]
- ↑ Alessandra Kersevan 2008: (Editor) Foibe – Revisionismo di stato e amnesie della repubblica. Kappa Vu. Udine.
- ↑ Survivors of war camp lament Italy's amnesia, 2003, International Herald Tribune
- ↑ Di Sante, Costantino (2005) Italiani senza onore: I crimini in Jugoslavia e i processi negati (1941–1951), Ombre Corte, Milano. (Archived by WebCite®)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Michael R. Ebner. Geoff Simons. Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy. New York, New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2011. P. 261.
- ↑ Donatella Strangio. The Reasons for Underdevelopment: The Case of Decolonisation in Somaliland. Springer, 2012. P. 5.
- ↑ Bakar concentration camp, Online Research project
- ↑ Maurice M. Roumani: The Jews of Libya. Sussex Academic Press 2007, ISBN 978-1-84519-137-5, p 34.
- ↑ "English - Risiera di San Sabba – Monumento Nazionale – Comune di Trieste". risierasansabba.it. Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20140203215747/http://www.risierasansabba.it/english/.
- ↑ "Trieste ebraica » La Risiera di San Sabba". moked.it. http://moked.it/triestebraica/la-storia/la-risiera-di-san-sabba/.
External links[]
- campifascisti.it, Online Research project
- "The Last Witnesses", 2013 Exhibition at National Museum for Contemporary History (Slovenia) documenting photos and interviews with survivors
The original article can be found at List of Italian concentration camps and the edit history here.