Canada’s role in the development of and participation in peacekeeping during the 20th century led to the establishment of Canada as a prominent world power. Canada's commitment to multilateralism has been closely related to peacekeeping efforts.[1] Canadian Nobel Peace Prize laureate Lester B. Pearson is considered to be the father of modern United Nations Peacekeeping.[2][3] Prior to Canada’s role in the Suez Canal Crisis, Canada was viewed by many as insignificant in issues of the world’s traditional powers. Canada’s successful role in the conflict gave Canada credibility and established it as a nation fighting for the common good of all the world’s nations and not just their allies.[4] Since 1995, however, Canadian direct participation in United Nations peacekeeping efforts has greatly declined.[5] That number decreased largely because Canada began to direct its participation to UN-sanctioned military operations through NATO, rather than directly to the UN.[6] In July 2006, for instance, Canada ranked 51st on the list of UN peacekeepers, contributing 130 peacekeepers out of a total UN deployment of over 70,000;[7] where in November 1990 Canada had 1,002 troops out of a total UN deployment of 10,304.[8]
- Below is a list of major peacekeeping missions undertaken by Canada from 1956 to present.[9]
Acronym | Name | Year | Canadian Participation |
UNEF I | United Nations Emergency Force | 1956–1967 | Up to 1,007 personnel |
ONUC | United Nations Operation in the Congo | 1960–1964 | Approx 300 servicemen at a time, 1,900 total. |
UNTEA/UNSF | United Nations Temporary Executive Authority/United Nations Security Force (West New Guinea, Indonesia) | 1962–1963 | Two aircraft, one observer. |
UNFICYP | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus | 1964- | Operation SNOWGOOSE |
UNEFME (aka UNEF II) | United Nations Emergency Force, Middle East | 1973–1979 | 1,145 personnel |
UNDOF | United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (Israel/Syria) | 1974- | Operation DANACA |
UNIFIL | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon | 1978 | 110 personnel |
MFO | Multinational Force and Observers (Sinai, Egypt) | 1981- | Operation CALUMET |
UNTAG | United Nations Transition Assistance Group (Namibia) | 1989–1990 | Operation MATADOR |
MINURSO | United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara | 1991- | Operation PYTHON, a maximum of 35 CF personnel from May 1991-June 1994. |
UNTAC | United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia | 1992–1993 | Operation MARQUIS 1 and MARQUIS 2 |
UNOSOM I | United Nations Operation in Somalia I | April 1992-December 1992 | |
UNITAF | Unified Task Force | December 1992-May 1993 | |
UNPROFOR | United Nations Protection Force (Croatia) | 1992–1995 | Operation Harmony |
UNOSOM II | United Nations Operation in Somalia II | May 1993-March 1995 | |
UNMIH | United Nations Mission in Haiti | 1993–1996 | Up to 500 Canadian Forces personnel and 100 civilian police. |
UNAMIR | United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda | 1993–1996 | |
UNCRO | United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation | 1994–1996 | |
UNPREDEP | United Nations Preventive Deployment Force | 1995–1999 | 1 observer |
UNMIBH | United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1995–2000 | 2 personnel. |
UNSMIH | United Nations Support Mission in Haiti | 1996–1997 | Operation STANDARD and Operation STABLE |
UNTMIH | United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti | 1997 | Operation CONSTABLE |
MIPONUH | United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti | 1997–2000 | Operation COMPLIMENT |
MINURCA | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic | 1998–2000 | Over 80 CF personnel at peak. |
INTERFET | International Force for East Timor | 1999–2000 | Operation TOUCAN |
UNMIK | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo | 1999–2002 | Operation Kinetic, Operation QUADRANT |
UNAMSIL | United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone | 1999–2005 | Operation REPTILE |
MONUC | United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo | 1999– | 9 military observers (Operation CROCODILE) |
UNTAET | United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor | 2000–2002 | 600 personnel (Operation TOUCAN) |
UNMEE | UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea | 2000 | Operation Addition |
MINUSTAH | UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti | 2004 | 500 personnel, 6 helicopters (Operation HALO) |
UNMIS | United Nations Mission in Sudan | 2005- | 45 personnel (Operation SAFARI) |
UNAMID | African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur | 2009- | Operation SATURN |
See also[]
- Canadian military victories
- List of Canadian military operations
- List of conflicts in Canada
- Military history of Canada
- Peacekeepers' Day
- Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal
References[]
- ↑ "Peacekeeping: Concepts, Evolution, and Canada's Role". Public Works and Government Services Canada. 197. http://www.dnd.ca/somalia/vol1/v1c10e.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
- ↑ Banerjee & Sharma (1 March 2008). Reinventing the United Nations. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-203-3282-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=j-xHSiPhueEC&pg=PA63.
- ↑ Cohen, Andrew (2008). Lester B. Pearson. Toronto: Penguin Canada. pp. 114–116.
- ↑ Gaffen, Fred (1987). In The Eye of The Storm: A History of Canadian Peacekeeping. Toronto: Deneau & Wayne Publishers LTD.. p. 43.
- ↑ Lauri Johnson; Reva Joshee (2007). Multicultural education policies in Canada and the United States. UBC Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7748-1325-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=I8jr_pE3YPwC&pg=PA23.
- ↑ Linda McQuaig (4 June 2010). Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire. Random House Digital, Inc.. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-385-67297-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=9g4Xd12rIGYC&pg=PT50.
- ↑ "Ranking of Military and Police Contributions to UN Operations" (PDF). United Nations. Archived from the original on 2006-08-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20060823142352/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/contributors/2006/july06_2.pdf. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
- ↑ "Troop and police contributors archive (1990 - 2011)". United Nations. 2010. http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/resources/statistics/contributors_archive.shtml. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ↑ "Peacekeeping". canadiansoldiers. 2008. http://www.canadiansoldiers.com/history/peacekeeping/peacekeeping.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
Further reading[]
- John Conrad; Lieutenant-Colonel John Conrad (15 September 2011). Scarce Heard Amid the Guns: An Inside Look at Canadian Peacekeeping. Dundurn Press Ltd.. ISBN 978-1-4597-0096-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=LxmxBkiubkwC&pg=PP1.
- Granatstein, J. L (2004). "Canada's army: waging war and keeping the peace". University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0802086969. http://books.google.ca/books?id=jqxyhNcha3sC&lpg=PP1&dq=Army%20%20of%20Canada&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- National Defence Headquarters (1995) Peacekeeping 1815 to Today National Defence, Ottawa (Downloadable PDF) ISBN 0662620623
External links[]
- Canada and UN Peacekeeping - United Nations Association in Canada
The original article can be found at List of Canadian peacekeeping missions and the edit history here.