Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.

Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.
20th Commandant of the Marine Corps (1952-1955)
Born	(1896-02-10)February 10, 1896
Died	August 6, 1990(1990-08-06) (aged 94)
Place of birth	Norfolk, Virginia
Place of death	La Jolla, California
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Marine Corps
Years of service	1917–1956
Rank	General
Commands held	Commandant of the Marine Corps Marine Corps Schools 6th Marine Division 1st Provisional Marine Brigade 9th Marine Regiment 2nd Battalion 5th Marines
Battles/wars	World War I Battle of Belleau Wood World War II Battle of Guam Battle of Okinawa Chinese Civil War Operation Beleaguer Korean War Battle of Inchon Battle of Chosin Reservoir
Awards	Navy Cross Distinguished Service Cross Navy Distinguished Service Medal (3) Silver Star (3) Legion of Merit (2) Bronze Star Purple Heart Croix de guerre French Fourragère
Other work	Inter American Defense Board, Chair

Lemuel Cornick Shepherd, Jr. (February 10, 1896 – August 6, 1990) was a four-star general of the United States Marine Corps. A veteran of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, he was the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps. As Commandant, he secured a place on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, gaining parity for the Marine Corps with the other military services.

Early years

Lemuel Cornick Shepherd Jr. was born February 10, 1896 in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1917, graduating a year early so he could enter the Marine Corps. While at VMI, Shepherd became a member of the Beta Chapter of Kappa Alpha Order. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on April 11, 1917 and reported for active duty at the Marine Barracks, Port Royal, South Carolina, on May 19, 1917.

World War I

Less than a year after reporting for duty, 2nd Lt. Shepherd sailed for France as a member of the 5th Marine Regiment with the first elements of the American Expeditionary Forces. He served in defensive sectors in the vicinity of Verdun and participated in the Aisne-Marne offensive (Château-Thierry) where he was twice wounded in action at Belleau Wood during the fighting there in June 1918. He returned to the front in August, rejoining the 5th Marines and saw action in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives (Champagne) where he was wounded for the third time, shot through the neck by a machine gun.

For his gallantry in action at Belleau Wood, Lieutenant Shepherd was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Cross, the Navy Cross, the French Croix de guerre, and was cited in the general orders of the 2nd Infantry Division, American Expeditionary Forces.

After duty with the Army of Occupation in Germany, Capt. Shepherd sailed for home in July 1919. In September 1919 he returned to France. His assignment was to prepare relief maps showing the battlefields over which the US 4th Marine Brigade had fought.

Between the wars

Shepherd returned to the States in December 1920, and was assigned as White House aide and Aide-de-Camp to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Major General John A. Lejeune.

In July 1922, he took command of a selected company of Marines at the Brazil's Centennial Exposition in Rio de Janeiro.

In June 1923, Shepherd was ordered to sea duty as Commanding Officer of the Marine Detachment on the USS Idaho (BB-24). This tour was followed by duty at the Marine Barracks, Norfolk, where he commanded the Sea School. In April 1927, Shepherd sailed for expeditionary duty in China, where he served in the 3rd Marine Brigade in Tientsin and Shanghai.

Shepherd returned to the United States in 1929, and entered the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island. Following graduation in May 1937, he commanded the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment, part of the newly formed Fleet Marine Force (FMF), Atlantic, which was being extensively employed in the development of amphibious tactics and techniques.

In June 1939, he was ordered to the Staff of Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, where he served during the next three years as Director, Correspondence School; Chief of the Tactical Section; Officer in Charge of the Candidates Class; and Assistant Commandant.

World War II

BGen Shepherd (left), Commanding the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade and his principal officers view a relief map of Guam for the brigade's operation.

In March 1942, four months after the United States entry into World War II, Colonel Shepherd took command of the 9th Marine Regiment. He organized, trained, and took the unit overseas as part of the 3rd Marine Division.

MajGen Shepherd surveys a map after the Battle of Okinawa

Upon promotion to Brigadier general in July 1943, he served on Guadalcanal. Brigadier General Shepherd was assigned as Assistant Division Commander of the 1st Marine Division. In this capacity, he participated in the Cape Gloucester operation on New Britain from December 1943 through March 1944, where he was awarded a Legion of Merit for distinguished service in command of operations in the Borgan Bay area.

In May 1944, Shepherd assumed command of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade and led them in the invasion and subsequent recapture of Guam during July and August 1944. For distinguished leadership in this operation, Shepherd received his first Distinguished Service Medal and was promoted to Major General.

After organizing the 6th Marine Division from the Brigade, Shepherd commanded it throughout the Battle of Okinawa and subsequently took the Division to Tsingtao, China. There, October 25, 1945, he received the surrender of the Japanese forces in this area. For exceptionally meritorious service as Commanding General of the 6th Marine Division in the assault and occupation of Okinawa (April 1 to June 21, 1945) he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal.

1946–1956

Several months later, Shepherd returned to the United States and in March 1946, organized the Troop Training Command, Amphibious Forces, Atlantic Fleet, at NAB Little Creek, Virginia. On November 1 of the same year, he was ordered to duty as Assistant to the Commandant Marine Corps Headquarters. He remained at this post until April 1948, when he was assigned to Quantico where he served as Commandant of the Marine Corps Schools until June 1950.

When the Korean War erupted, Shepherd was in command of the Fleet Marine Force (FMF), Pacific, with Headquarters at Pearl Harbor. In this capacity, he played a major role in the amphibious assault at Inchon and the evacuation of U.S. forces from Hungnam following their withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea in December 1950. On January 1, 1952, President Harry S. Truman appointed Shepherd Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC).

During Shepherd's four-year appointment as the Commandant of the Marine Corps, he initiated a number of important policies that resulted in increased military proficiency for the Corps. He was the first Commandant to become a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and upon his retirement on January 1, 1956, he was awarded a third Distinguished Service Medal.

1956–1990

Two months after his retirement, Shepherd was recalled to active duty and appointed Chairman of the Inter-American Defense Board. During his three and a half years of service with this international organization, Shepherd, through his leadership and diplomacy, made substantial contributions towards plans for the defense of the continent. He also promoted military solidarity among the military forces of the republics of the Western Hemisphere. He relinquished his duties with the Inter-American Defense Board on September 15, 1959.

Shepherd died on August 6, 1990 at his home in La Jolla, California, from bone cancer. He was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery.

Awards and decorations

Shepherd was the recipient of the following awards:

1st Row		Navy Cross			French Fourragère
2nd Row	Distinguished Service Cross	Navy Distinguished Service Medal w/ 2 stars	Silver Star w/ 2 oak leaf clusters	Legion of Merit w/ 1 oak leaf cluster & valor device
3rd Row	Bronze Star w/ valor device	Purple Heart w/ 2 oak leaf clusters & 1 star	Navy Presidential Unit Citation w/ 3 stars	Navy Unit Commendation w/ 1 star
4th Row	World War I Victory Medal w/ 4 stars	Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal w/ 1 star	Yangtze Service Medal	China Service Medal
5th Row	American Defense Service Medal	American Campaign Medal	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four Bronze Stars	World War II Victory Medal
6th Row	Navy Occupation Service Medal	National Defense Service Medal	Korean Service Medal with two Bronze Stars	United Nations Korea Medal
7th Row	Croix de guerre with Gilt Star	Medaille pour la Bravoure Militaire (Montenegrin) with crossed swords and palm	Haitian National Order of Honour and Merit	Haitian Distinguished Service Medal
8th Row	Order of the Cloud and Banner, Second Grade	Order of Military Merit, Taeguk Cordon Medal	Presidential Unit Citation (Korea)	Bronze Plaque with Diploma Commemorative Especial
9th Row	Naval Order of May, Grand Officer Argentine	Naval Order of Merit, Grand Officer Brazil	Grand Cross of Naval Merit of Spain	Order of Abdon Calderon, First Class, Republic of Ecuador
10th Row	Military Order of the Ayacucho, Grand Officer, Peru	Grand Cross, National Order of Merit of Paraguay	Military Medal of the Army, First Class Chile	Order of the Aztec Eagle of Mexico, First Class
11th Row	Legion of Honor, Grade of Commander	Order of Military Merit, Grand Officer Brazil	Military Cross Second Class (Belgium)	National Order of Military Merit of Paraguay, Grade of Grand Officer

See also

• List of Korean War veterans who are recipients of the Bronze Star

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

Notes

Web

• "General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Shepherd_LC.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-03. 
• "Lemuel Cornick Shepherd, Jr., General, United States Marine Corps". Arlington National Cemetery. December 17, 2005. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/lshepher.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-11. 
• Fowler, Glenn (August 8, 1990). "Lemuel Shepherd Jr., 94, Ex-Chief Of Marines Who Served in 3 Wars". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE173DF93BA3575BC0A966958260. Retrieved 2008-01-11. 

Books

• Alexander, Colonel Joseph H., USMC (Ret) (1995). The Final Campaign: Marines in the Victory on Okinawa. Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.nps.gov/archive/wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003135-00/sec7.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-03. 
• Burrell, Robert S. (2006). The Ghosts of Iwo Jima. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 1585444839. http://books.google.com/?id=K8J4wkgcqCIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lemuel+Shepherd+contribution. Retrieved 2008-11-02.  Includes discussion of Lemuel's efforts to raise funds for an Iwo Jima memorial and his place on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
• Sarokin, Paul (January 1956). "Return to Belleau Wood". Leatherneck Magazine. http://www.mcamember.com/leatherneck/0630_calendar_article.asp. Retrieved November 3, 2008. 

Includes transcript of General Shepherd's speech on November 18, 1955 at Belleau Wood for the unveiling of a statue dedicated memory of the 4000 Marines who died at Belleau Wood.

• Allan Reed Millett and Jack Shulimson, ed (2004). Commandants of the Marine Corps. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 328–348. ISBN 978-0-87021-012-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=Qns8bW_SESYC.