The Kozara Offensive, also known as Operation West-Bosnien by the Axis, was fought in 1942 on and around the mountain of Kozara in northwestern Bosnia. It was an important battle of the Yugoslav Partisan resistance movement in World War II. It later became an integral part of Yugoslav post-war mythology, which celebrated the courage and martyrdom of outnumbered and outgunned Partisans and civilians.[2] Certain sources mistakenly identify the Kozara Offensive as part of Operation Trio.
In the spring of 1942, Yugoslav Partisans in central and west Bosnia liberated Bosanski Petrovac, Drvar, Glamoč and Prijedor. On 20 May the 1st Krajina Assault Brigade was founded, and the next day it obtained tanks and a modest air force. The free territory stretched from the river Sava south across the mountains Kozara and Grmeč. During the winter, Partisans inflicted heavy casualties on the Germans. Great loss for the Partisans was the death of their capable and distinguished commander, Mladen Stojanović, known as "Komandant Mladen", who was killed in March 1942, by the Chetniks of Rade Radić.
The German and Ustaše authorities realized that the city of Banja Luka and the iron mine in Ljubija were in danger and organized an offensive to destroy the movement. Germans engaged 15,000 soldiers, the Independent State of Croatia (the Ustaše) about 22,000 soldiers, Chetniks about 2000 soldiers, and Hungarians participated with 5 monitor ships.
The Partisan group had about 3,000 soldiers, but recruited reserves from the 60,000 civilians in the free territory.
After intensive battle, in the night of 3 July, some partisan units broke the siege, but the main group again came under siege the next night and was mainly destroyed. In Široka Luka about 500 wounded Partisans were killed. It is estimated that during the battle, the Partisans lost about 1,700 soldiers, while the Axis forces lost about 7,000. During and after the battle, many thousands of Serbian civilians from Kozara were sent to the Ustaše Jasenovac concentration camp.
About 900 Partisan soldiers survived and founded the Fifth Krajina Brigade.
At the same time, the main Partisan group with Josip Broz Tito moved from East Bosnia to West Bosnia. After the Axis offensive forces withdrew, parts of lost area were regained in September 1942.
Approximately 25,000 Serbs were killed in the operation, mostly in concentration camps.[3]
See also[]
- Yugoslav Partisans
- Yugoslav Front
- Army of the Independent State of Croatia
- Chetniks
- Military history of Croatia
- Resistance during World War II
- Anti-partisan operations in World War II
- Kozara National Park
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Redžić, Enver (2005). Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War. p. 215. http://books.google.hr/books?id=pVCx3jerQmYC.
- ↑ Gilbert, Andrew (2008). Foreign Authority and the Politics of Impartiality in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina. Routledge. p. 29. http://books.google.com/books?id=1VO4IgMMMhMC.
- ↑ Bosworth, R.J.B. (2009). The Oxford Handbook of Fascism. Oxford University Press. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-19-929131-1.
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