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| − | {{Infobox Former Country |
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| − | |native_name = ''Regno di Etruria'' |
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| − | |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Etruria |
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| − | |common_name = Etruria |
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| − | |continent = Europe |
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| − | |region = Italy |
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| − | |country = Italy |
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| − | |era = Napoleonic Wars |
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| − | |status = Client state |
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| − | |empire = France |
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| − | |status_text = [[Client state]] of the [[First French Empire|French Empire]] |
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| − | |event_start = [[Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)|Established]] |
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| − | |year_start = 1801 |
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| − | |date_start = March 21 |
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| − | |year_end = 1807 |
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| − | |date_end = December 10 |
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| − | |event_end = [[First French Empire|Disestablished]] |
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| − | |p1 = Grand Duchy of Tuscany |
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| − | |flag_p1 = Bandiera del granducato di Toscana (1562-1737 ).gif |
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| − | |s1 = First French Empire |
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| − | |flag_s1 = Flag of France.svg |
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| − | |image_flag = Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg |
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| − | |image_coat = Royal Coat of Arms of Etruria.svg |
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| − | |flag_type = Flag |
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| − | |flag = List of Italian flags |
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| − | |image_map = Map Kingdom of Etruria.jpg |
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| − | |capital = Florence |
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| − | |government_type = [[Constitutional Monarchy]] |
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| − | |religion = Roman Catholic |
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| − | |common_languages = Italian |
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| − | |title_leader = [[King of Etruria|King]] |
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| − | |leader1 = [[Louis I of Etruria|Louis I]] |
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| − | |year_leader1 = 1801–1803 |
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| − | |leader2 = [[Charles Louis of Etruria|Charles Louis]] |
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| − | |year_leader2 = 1803–1807 |
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| − | |title_representative = [[Regent]] |
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| − | |representative1 = [[Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca|Maria Luisa]] |
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| − | |year_representative1 = 1803–1807 |
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| − | |currency = [[Tuscan pound]] |
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| − | }} |
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| + | ==History== |
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| − | The kingdom was created by the [[Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)|Treaty of Aranjuez]], signed in [[Aranjuez|Aranjuez, Spain]] on 21 March 1801. In the context of a larger agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain, the |
+ | The kingdom was created by the [[Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)|Treaty of Aranjuez]], signed in [[Aranjuez|Aranjuez, Spain]] on 21 March 1801. In the context of a larger agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain, the Bourbons of Parma were compensated for the loss of their territory in northern Italy (which had been occupied by French troops since 1796). [[Ferdinand, Duke of Parma]] relinquished his claims, and in return his son [[Louis I of Etruria|Louis I]] was granted the Kingdom of Etruria (which was created from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany). To make way for the Bourbons, the Habsburg [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]] [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinand III]] was ousted and compensated with the [[Electorate of Salzburg]]. Originally the Duchy of Tuscany, Etruria had been ceded to the Bourbons in 1801 in the person of Charles IV's eldest daughter and her Italian consort.<ref name="Esdaile2003">{{cite book|author=Charles Esdaile|title=The Peninsular War: A New History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3huwPLzjzYYC&pg=PA7|accessdate=28 March 2013|date=14 June 2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-6231-7|page=7}}</ref> |
| − | The first king ([[Louis I of Etruria|Louis I]]) died young in 1803, and his underage son [[Charles Louis of Etruria|Charles Louis]] succeeded him. His mother, [[Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca|Maria Luisa of Spain]], was appointed regent. However, since Etruria was troubled with smuggling and espionage Napoleon annexed the territory. Since Spain's only hope of compensation lay in Portugal, co-operation with the emperor became more important.<ref name="Esdaile2003"/> |
+ | The first king ([[Louis I of Etruria|Louis I]]) died young in 1803, and his underage son [[Charles Louis of Etruria|Charles Louis]] succeeded him. His mother, [[Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca|Maria Luisa of Spain]], was appointed regent. However, since Etruria was troubled with smuggling and espionage Napoleon annexed the territory. Since Spain's only hope of compensation lay in Portugal, co-operation with the emperor became more important.<ref name="Esdaile2003" /> |
| − | In 1807, Napoleon dissolved the kingdom and integrated it into France, turning it into three French |
+ | In 1807, Napoleon dissolved the kingdom and integrated it into France, turning it into three French départements: [[Arno (department)|Arno]], [[Méditerranée]] and [[Ombrone (department)|Ombrone]]. The king and his mother were promised the throne of a new [[Kingdom of Northern Lusitania]] (in [[Norte Region, Portugal|northern Portugal]]), but this plan was never realized due to the break between Napoleon and the Spanish Bourbons in 1808. After his downfall in 1814, Tuscany was restored to its Habsburg Grand Dukes. In 1815, the [[Duchy of Lucca]] was carved out of Tuscany as compensation for the Bourbons of Parma until they resumed their rule in 1847. |
==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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| − | {{Former monarchies Italian peninsula}} |
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| − | {{Client states of the Great French War}} |
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{{Wikipedia|Kingdom of Etruria}} |
{{Wikipedia|Kingdom of Etruria}} |
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Revision as of 02:15, 27 September 2020
The Kingdom of Etruria (Italian language: Regno di Etruria ) was a kingdom between 1801 and 1807 which made up a large part of modern Tuscany. It took its name from Etruria, the old Roman name for the land of the Etruscans.
History
The kingdom was created by the Treaty of Aranjuez, signed in Aranjuez, Spain on 21 March 1801. In the context of a larger agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain, the Bourbons of Parma were compensated for the loss of their territory in northern Italy (which had been occupied by French troops since 1796). Ferdinand, Duke of Parma relinquished his claims, and in return his son Louis I was granted the Kingdom of Etruria (which was created from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany). To make way for the Bourbons, the Habsburg Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand III was ousted and compensated with the Electorate of Salzburg. Originally the Duchy of Tuscany, Etruria had been ceded to the Bourbons in 1801 in the person of Charles IV's eldest daughter and her Italian consort.[1]
The first king (Louis I) died young in 1803, and his underage son Charles Louis succeeded him. His mother, Maria Luisa of Spain, was appointed regent. However, since Etruria was troubled with smuggling and espionage Napoleon annexed the territory. Since Spain's only hope of compensation lay in Portugal, co-operation with the emperor became more important.[1]
In 1807, Napoleon dissolved the kingdom and integrated it into France, turning it into three French départements: Arno, Méditerranée and Ombrone. The king and his mother were promised the throne of a new Kingdom of Northern Lusitania (in northern Portugal), but this plan was never realized due to the break between Napoleon and the Spanish Bourbons in 1808. After his downfall in 1814, Tuscany was restored to its Habsburg Grand Dukes. In 1815, the Duchy of Lucca was carved out of Tuscany as compensation for the Bourbons of Parma until they resumed their rule in 1847.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Charles Esdaile (14 June 2003). The Peninsular War: A New History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4039-6231-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=3huwPLzjzYYC&pg=PA7. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
The original article can be found at Kingdom of Etruria and the edit history here.