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|government_type = [[Constitutional Monarchy]] |
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|common_languages = Italian |
|common_languages = Italian |
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|title_leader = [[King of Etruria|King]] |
|title_leader = [[King of Etruria|King]] |
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| − | The '''Kingdom of Etruria''' ({{Lang-it|Regno di Etruria}}) was a |
+ | The '''Kingdom of Etruria''' ({{Lang-it|Regno di Etruria}}) was a kingdom between 1801 and 1807 which made up a large part of modern [[Tuscany]]. It took its name from [[Etruria]], the old [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] name for the land of the [[Etruscans]]. |
The kingdom was created by the [[Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)|Treaty of Aranjuez]], signed in [[Aranjuez|Aranjuez, Spain]] on 21 March 1801. In the context of a larger agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain, the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbons]] of Parma were compensated for the loss of their territory in northern Italy (which had been occupied by French troops since 1796). [[Ferdinand, Duke of Parma]] relinquished his claims, and in return his son [[Louis I of Etruria|Louis I]] was granted the Kingdom of Etruria (which was created from the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]). To make way for the Bourbons, the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]] [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinand III]] was ousted and compensated with the [[Electorate of Salzburg]]. Originally the Duchy of Tuscany, Etruria had been ceded to the Bourbons in 1801 in the person of [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]]'s eldest daughter and her Italian consort.<ref name="Esdaile2003">{{cite book|author=Charles Esdaile|title=The Peninsular War: A New History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3huwPLzjzYYC&pg=PA7|accessdate=28 March 2013|date=14 June 2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-6231-7|page=7}}</ref> |
The kingdom was created by the [[Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)|Treaty of Aranjuez]], signed in [[Aranjuez|Aranjuez, Spain]] on 21 March 1801. In the context of a larger agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain, the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbons]] of Parma were compensated for the loss of their territory in northern Italy (which had been occupied by French troops since 1796). [[Ferdinand, Duke of Parma]] relinquished his claims, and in return his son [[Louis I of Etruria|Louis I]] was granted the Kingdom of Etruria (which was created from the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]). To make way for the Bourbons, the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]] [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinand III]] was ousted and compensated with the [[Electorate of Salzburg]]. Originally the Duchy of Tuscany, Etruria had been ceded to the Bourbons in 1801 in the person of [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]]'s eldest daughter and her Italian consort.<ref name="Esdaile2003">{{cite book|author=Charles Esdaile|title=The Peninsular War: A New History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3huwPLzjzYYC&pg=PA7|accessdate=28 March 2013|date=14 June 2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-6231-7|page=7}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 07:16, 3 December 2013
Kingdom of Etruria Regno di Etruria
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1801–1807 | |||||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Status | Client state of the French Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Florence | ||||||||
| Common languages | Italian | ||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | ||||||||
| Government | Constitutional Monarchy | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
• 1801–1803 | Louis I | ||||||||
• 1803–1807 | Charles Louis | ||||||||
| Regent | |||||||||
• 1803–1807 | Maria Luisa | ||||||||
| Historical era | Napoleonic Wars | ||||||||
| March 21 1801 | |||||||||
| December 10 1807 | |||||||||
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The Kingdom of Etruria (Italian language: Regno di Etruria ) was a kingdom between 1801 and 1807 which made up a large part of modern Tuscany. It took its name from Etruria, the old Roman name for the land of the Etruscans.
The kingdom was created by the Treaty of Aranjuez, signed in Aranjuez, Spain on 21 March 1801. In the context of a larger agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain, the Bourbons of Parma were compensated for the loss of their territory in northern Italy (which had been occupied by French troops since 1796). Ferdinand, Duke of Parma relinquished his claims, and in return his son Louis I was granted the Kingdom of Etruria (which was created from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany). To make way for the Bourbons, the Habsburg Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand III was ousted and compensated with the Electorate of Salzburg. Originally the Duchy of Tuscany, Etruria had been ceded to the Bourbons in 1801 in the person of Charles IV's eldest daughter and her Italian consort.[1]
The first king (Louis I) died young in 1803, and his underage son Charles Louis succeeded him. His mother, Maria Luisa of Spain, was appointed regent. However, since Etruria was troubled with smuggling and espionage Napoleon annexed the territory. Since Spain's only hope of compensation lay in Portugal, co-operation with the emperor became more important.[1]
In 1807, Napoleon dissolved the kingdom and integrated it into France, turning it into three French départements: Arno, Méditerranée and Ombrone. The king and his mother were promised the throne of a new Kingdom of Northern Lusitania (in northern Portugal), but this plan was never realized due to the break between Napoleon and the Spanish Bourbons in 1808. After his downfall in 1814, Tuscany was restored to its Habsburg Grand Dukes. In 1815, the Duchy of Lucca was carved out of Tuscany as compensation for the Bourbons of Parma until they resumed their rule in 1847.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Charles Esdaile (14 June 2003). The Peninsular War: A New History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4039-6231-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=3huwPLzjzYYC&pg=PA7. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
Template:Former monarchies Italian peninsula
